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allozyme Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Three Medicinal Epimedium Species from Hubei

Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2007年第1期34卷 56-71页

作者：徐艳琴李作洲王瑛黄宏文中国科学院武汉植物园武汉430074

Three Epimedium species, E. pubescens Maxim., E. sagittatum （Sieb. ＆ Zucc.） Maxim., and E. wushanense T. S. Ying, which are sympatrically distributed in the western Hubei Province, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for about 2,000 years. Genetic variability and population genetic structure of 11 natural populations of these Epimedium species were investigated using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide slab gels. Of the 22 enzyme systems prescreened, six coding for 13 loci and 45 alleles were resolved, which were used for analyzing genetic diversity and population structure at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The results showed that： l） high levels of genetic diversity were observed in all three species （A = 2.6-3.2, P = 69.2%-84.6%, Ho= 0.274-0.377, HE= 0.282-0.369）, which were higher than that of other herbaceous and aulmal-pollinated species with similar life-history characteristics; 2） there was significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, with one half of the loci showing heterozygote excess and the other homozygote excess, in all populations, suggesting the complicated breeding system of Epimedium species; 3） the low level of intraspecific and interspecific genetic differentiation （GST= 0.0246-0.0409 and 0.0495-0.1213, respectively） indicated a high level of gene flow among populations and close genetic relationship among the three species; and 4） UPGMA cluster analysis further showed that E. pubescens was more closely related to E. sagittatum than to E. wushanense, which was in good agreement with the morphological characters and the recent phylogenetic analysis of these species. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the mixed breeding system, long-lived perennial life form, ancient evolutionary history, and seed dispersal by ants in Epimedium are responsible for the genetic variation and population structure of these species.

关键词： Epimedium pubescens Maxim. E. sagittatum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. E. wushanense T. S. Ying allozyme genetic diversity population structure

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Hybrids between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus: karyotype,allozyme and RAPD analyses

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第2期27卷 317-323页

作者：尤锋王伟徐冬冬朱香萍倪静吴志昊徐永立王新成张培军 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University

The hybrid between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus was produced by artificial insemination of olive flounder eggs with stone flounder sperm. Sinistral and dextral are two types of hybrid progeny after metamorphosis. Karyotypes of both hybrid flounders are the same as those of the two parental species. Of the 22 loci examined from 12 allozymes, 12 confirmed hybridization of the paternal and maternal loci in hybrids and no difference was found in allozyme patterns of sinistral and dextral hybrid fishes. RAPD patterns of these specimens were also studied with 38 primers selected from 104 tested. Among them, the PCR products of 30 primers showed hybridization of the paternal and maternal bands. Genetic variation between hybrids and their parental stocks was analyzed by RAPD using 10 of the above 38 primers. The average heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. The results suggested that the filial generation could inherit a little more genetic materials from paternal fish than that from maternal fish.

关键词： artificial hybridization Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel) Kareius bicoloratus (Basilewsky) karyotype allozyme RAPD

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allozyme Polymorphism and Genetic Differentiation Among Populations of Jaculus jaculus and J. orientalis (Rodentia: Dipodidae) in Tunisia

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Zoological Research 2009年第3期30卷 247-254页

作者： Abderraouf Ben Faleh Adel AB Shahin Khaled Said Unité de Recherche: Génétique Biodiversitéet Valorisation des Bio-ressources. Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir 5000-Tunisie Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Minia University 61519-El Minia Egypt

Genetic variability and divergence among natural populations of Jaculus jaculus and J. orientalis in Tunisia were examined by electrophoretic analysis of 16 enzymatic proteins encoded by 23 genetic loci. Low levels of genetic variability were found among populations of both species in comparison to those of other rodent and mammal species of which data are available. In J. jaculus populations, the mean level of observed heterozygosity （Hobs） ranged from 0.08 to 0.19, while the mean percentage of polymorphic loci （P） ranged from 26.2% to 45.2% and the mean number of alleles per locus （A） ranged from 1.1 to 1.4. Nevertheless, the mean values were 0.10 to 0.15, 29.3% to 44.1% and 1.1 to 1.7, respectively, for J. orientalis. In addition, populations of the two species have revealed a lower degree of genetic differentiation （Fst=0.0017 for J. jaculus and 0.0019 for J. orientalis）. Moreover, Fst was 0.607, P〈0.05 between populations of the two species, indicating that they were highly genetically diverged from each other. The present data assures the previous results on the validity of the present taxonomic situation of the two species and emphasis on the effect of geographic factors （environments type and bioclimatic stages） on the genetic structure of both species.

关键词： Dipodidae Jerboas allozyme Electrophoresis Tunisia

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allozyme-BASED GENETIC VARIATION WITHIN AN UNSTABLE “POPULATION” OF CHINESE ONCOMELANIA HUPENSIS (GASTROPODA: RISSOACEA: POMATIOPSIDAE)

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中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 2000年第1期 23-25页

作者： ZHANG Yi,George M Davis,LIU He xiang,FENG Ting Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria Schistosomasis and Filariasis Chinese National Center of Systematic Medical Malacology Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology Ministry of

Objective] To answer the following questions:① For Oncomelania snails collected two years apart from the same locality, has there been genetic divergence? ②How much experimental error has there been in studying subsets of these populations? ③As this is an unstable population, what has the net effect been on Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWe)? [Methods]allozymes were studied using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Data collected from numbers of experiments were compiled. Data from each collection were divided into two equal subsets based on chronology of the experiments. Thirty four loci were studied using 72 to 180 snails per subset. [Results] The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 5 ～1 9. With each consecutive subset,the % polymorphic loci dropped from 38 2 to 17 *** mean heterozygosity was very low: 0 033 to 0 049 and not significantly different from Hardy Weinberg expectations. Ten loci and 11 alleles exclusive to the first group were eliminated from the overall study reducing the number of polymorphic loci from 19 to 10. There were significant departures from HWe at five loci having a substantial number of individuals for each allele. Neis and Wrights D were 0 003±0 001 and 0 054±0 006 respectively. [Conclusion] ① There were significant errors seen primarily in the results scored in the earliest experiments.② These earlier errors involving scoring difficult to resolve loci, and interpretation of rare alleles that were not found in later experiment had no significant effect on overall genetic distance.③ The use of Wright's D for closely related populations is explained. Results with Nei's D indicated no significant difference among the four subunits; Wright's D yielded significant difference between the collections made two years apart, attributed to the annual flooding of the Yangtze River mixing snails from different localities. ④ Major polymorphic loci were not in Hwe as predicted using the unstable population model.

关键词： Oncomelania hupensis allozyme unstable population genetic variation.

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Genetic variation of natural and cultured stocks of Paralichthys olivaceus by allozyme and RAPD

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2007年第1期25卷 78-84页

作者：尤锋张培军王可玲相建海 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

Population genetics of the left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, including natural and cultured stocks distributed in the coastal waters near Qingdao of eastern maritime China, was analyzed in allozyme and RAPD. The results showed that among total 29 gene loci of 15 isozymes, 9 and 7 were po- lymorphic in natural and cultured stocks, respectively. The status of genetic diversity in P. olivaceus is low in terms of polymorphic loci in chi-square test and genetic departure index of Hardy-Weinberg equi- librium. More alleles in IDHP, CAT, GDH and Ldh-C allozymes were found in the fish, which could be used as markers in assortive breeding and distinguishing stock, population or species evolution. Total 88 and 86 RAPD bands ranging from 200 to 2 500 bp were recognized individually in average of 7.8–8.0 bands per primer. The genetic diversity in cultured stock is lower than that in natural ones showing an ob- viously decreasing genetic divergence. Therefore, effective countermeasures must be taken to protect ge- netic resources of marine cultured fishes. The 2 markers have their own pros and cons. Combining the 2 markers to investigate the genetic variation of populations is suggested. The results provide basic data of this flounder and they are useful for studying genetic improvement and genetic resources of the fish.

关键词： Paralichthys olivaceus genetic variation natural and cultured stocks allozyme RAPD

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GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION WITHIN ERIOCHOIR SINENSIS (MILNE,EDWARDS) REVEALED BY allozyme AND RAPD

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2000年第3期18卷 234-240页

作者：崔朝霞相建海宋林生周令华史为良中科院海洋所山东青岛 2 660 71 大连水产学院辽宁大连 1 1 60 2 3

We analyzed 17 allozymes and 20 primers in order to detect the genetic differentiation between commercial populations (Changjiang River, Liaohe River) of Eriochoir sinensis . Ten allozymes (LDH, MDH, ME, IDH, EST, ALP, AAT, CTL, POD, SOD) showed 21 loci by vertically discontinuos buffer system polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RAPD profiles generated by 12 ten base primers showed 63 loci. The percentage of polymorphic loci and the expected heterozygosity obtained by using allozyme analysis were lower than those obtained by RAPD. The index of similarity between these two populations were 0.955 and 0.932 as revealed by allozyme analysis and RAPD technology. There was gene flow between the above populations.

关键词： Eriocheir sinensis allozyme RAPD genetic differentiation

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The comparison between allozyme and RAPD makers for the population genetic structure analysis of scallop Chlamys farreri

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2006年第3期24卷 295-299页

作者：刘保忠尤锋董波相建海 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirteen enzymes （MDH, ME, IDH, GPI, PGM, PEP-LG, PEP-pp, ACP, AK, PK, AAT, SOD, EST） in three butter systems （TC, pH6.9; TMME, pH 7.4; and EBT, pHS.9） were selected and 22 loci were used for the analysis, among them 7 loci （Gpi, Pgm, Pep.m-l, ***. Aat-2, Est-2, Est-3） were polymorphic which attributed 31.82% to the total. The average of heterozygosity was 0.113 and most of the studied loci showed heterozygote deficiencies. The same specimens were investigated using 10 arbitrarily selected primers （10-base）. Twenty two of 54 RAPD fragments were polymorphic with average heterozygosity of 0.194. The result indicated that the two types of markers reflected a consistent trend in the parameter values of genetic diversity of the population, but RAPD revealed more information of genetic variation than allozyme electrophoresis.

关键词： allozyme RAPD Chlamysfarreri population genetic structure

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Genetic Variation among 11 Abies concolor Populations Based on allozyme Analysis

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Forestry Studies in China 2005年第1期7卷 29-35页

作者： ZhangJin-feng LiHui DongJian-sheng WangJun-hui KeyLaboratoryforGeneticsandBreedinginForestTreesandOrnamentalPlants MinistryofEducationBeijingForestryUniversityBeijing100083P.R.China

In order to obtain information on the genetic structure of Abies concolor and the genetic variation among 11 popula- tions introduced from America to China, allozyme analysis based on starch gel electrophoresis technology was used. 24 loci of 10 allozyme systems were mensurated, and the genetic structure and genetic diversity of the 11 populations of A. concolor evaluated. The results show that the genetic variation among is significant, and the genetic variation within A. concolor populations is more important. In contrast with other conifers, the variation of A. concolor is above the average level of conifers, and higher than the same level of Abies. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 62.5%, the number of alleles per locus (A) 2.08, the number of ef- fective alleles per locus (Ae) was 1.37, the expected heterozygosity (H) 0.204, and the Shannon information index (I) 0.351 7. There is a short genetic distance (D=0.061) and a low gene flow (Nm=0.839 4) among the 11 introduced populations of A. concolor with high genetic variation. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.229 5, which is higher than that of the mean in Abies or Pinus.

关键词： Abies concolor genetic diversity allozyme

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allozymes Genetic Diversity of Quercus mongolica Fisch in China

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2006年第4期5卷 68-75页

作者： LI Wenying GU Wanchun Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information Chinese Academy of Forestry （CAF） Beijing 100091 P.R.China Research Institute of Forestry CAFBeijing 100091 P.R.China

A gel electrophoresis method was used to study the genetic diversity of 8 Quercus mongolica populations throughout its range in China. Eleven of 21 loci from 13 enzymes assayed were polymorphic. Q. mongolica maintained low level of genetic variation compared with the average Quercus species. At the species level, the mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 1.905, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 52.38%, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.092 and the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.099. At the population level, the estimates were A =1.421, P =28.976%, Ho = 0.088, He =0.085. Genetic differentiation (Gst was high among populations, it was 0.107. According to the UPGMA cluster analysis based on the genetic distance, 4 populations located in northeast and 2 populations in southwest of the geographical distribution are classified into 2 subgroups, but there was no clear relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance among populations. The low level of genetic diversity of Q. mongolica might be related to the long-term exploitation as economic tree species in history are comparatively seriously disturbed and damaged by human beings, and most of the existing stands are secondary forests.

关键词： Quercus mongolica allozyme genetic diversity

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Taxonomy of the lesser jerboa Jaculus jaculus (Dipodidae,Rodentia) based on allozymic and morphological variation

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 421-431页

作者： Abderraouf BEN FALEH Abdelwaheb BEN OTHMEN Khaled SAID Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-ressources (UR03ES09) Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir 5000 Génétique Biodiversité Valorisation des Bio-ressources (UR03ES09) Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir 5000

The lesser Egyptian jerboa Jaculus jaculus, is a member of the subfamily Dipodinae, known to have a number of subspecies. Previous studies of J. jaculus from North Africa found various morphological forms of unknown taxonomic status, which are frequently grouped into two taxa： J. jaculus and J. deserti. We assessed the taxonomic status of this taxon in Tunisia using allozymic （phylogenetic analysis of 23 genetic loci encoding 16 enzymatic proteins） and morphological （multivariate analysis of 13 craniodental characters） analyses of 136 J. jaculus specimens collected from seven localities within its distribution range. Allozymic analysis clearly indicated the existence of two distinct groups of J. jaculus, with a mean genetic distance （D） value of 0.99 and FΩ=0.52. Individuals within the two groups did not show any obvious geographical structuration, even within the Matmata locality which represents the meeting point for the two groups where they were found in sympatry. Additionally, morphometric analysis of 13 craniodental characters was clearly separated the two groups. These results were obtained over a very restricted area of the total distribution of J. jaculus and strongly suggest the occurrence of two separate and often sympatric species within the currently accepted *** in Tunisia： *** and J. deserti

关键词： Dipodidae Jaculus jaculus Taxonomy allozyme Morphomotric analysis Tunisia

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