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Fatty acids and algal lipids as precursors of chlorination by-products

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第11期24卷 1942-1946页

作者： Yan Liang Yuen Shan Lui Huachang Hong Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences(CIES)and Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina College of Geography and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Centre for Food Safety and Environmental Technology Guangzhou Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 511458China

Six common algal fatty acids （FAs） with different numbers of double bonds, lipophilic fractions and proteins extracted from the diatom Navicula pelliculosa and algal ceils were chlorinated to evaluate their potential in generating disinfection by-products （DBPs）. The result showed that the more double bonds in the FAs, the higher the amounts of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid （DCAA） produced, but such a pattern was not observed for trichloroacetic acid （TCAA）. Based on the previously reported composition of fatty acids in algal lipids, the DBP generation potentials of algal lipids were calculated. These predicted values were much lower than those measured in the chlorinated algal lipophilic fraction, suggesting unknown lipophilic fraction（s） served as potent DBPs precursors. Another calculation attempted to predict DBP production in algal cells based on algal lipid and protein composition, given quantified measured DBP production per unit algal lipid and proteins. The analysis showed that the observed DBP production was similar to that predicted （〈 35% difference）, suggesting that algal biochemical compositions may serve as a bioindicator for preliminary estimation of chloroform, DCAA and TCAA formation upon chlorinating algae.

关键词： algal lipid algal-derived organic materials chlorination by-products fatty acids

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Mixed culture of Chlorella sp. and wastewater wild algae for enhanced biomass and lipid accumulation in artificial wastewater medium

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 141-156页

作者： Kishore Gopalakrishnan Javad Roostaei Yongli Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Wayne State University Detroit MI 48201 USA＊

The purpose of this work is to study the co-cultivation of Chlorella sp. and wastewater wild algae under different cultivation conditions （i.e. CO2, light intensity, cultivation time, and inoculation ratio） for enhanced algal biomass and lipid productivity in wastewater medium using Response SuHhce Methodology （RSM）. The results show that mixed cultures ofd7llorella sp. and wastewater wild algae increase biomass and lipid yield. Additionally, findings indicate that CO2, light intensity and cultivation time significantly affect algal productivity. Furthcnnore, CO2 concentration and light intensity, and CO2 concentration and algal composition, have an interactive effect on biomass productivity. Under dii＂ferent cultivation conditions, the response of algal biomass, cell count, and lipid productlvlty ranges from2,5 to 10.2 mg/mL 1.1 × 10 to 8.2 × 10 cells/mL and 1.1 × 10^6 to 6.8 × 10^12 total fluorescent units/mL, respectively× The optimum conditions tbr simt, ltaneot, s biomass and lipid accumulation are 3.6% of CO2 （v/v）, 160 μmol/m^2/s of light intensity, 1×6/2.4 of inoculation ratio （wastewater-algae/Chlorella）, and 8.3 days of cultivation time. The optimal productivity is 9,8 （g/L） for dry biomass, 8.6 E ＋ 08 （cells/mL） for cell count, and 6.8 E ＋ 12 （Total FL units per mL） fbr lipid yield, achieving up to four times, eight times, and seven times higher productivity compared to non- optimized conditions. Provided is a supportive methodology to improve mixed algal culture for hioenergy feedstock generation and to optimize cultivation conditions in complex wastewater environments. This work is an important step tbrward in the development of sustainable large-scale algae cultivation for cost-efficient generation of biofuel.

关键词： algal biofuels algal mixed cultures algal biomass algal lipid Wastewater Response surface methodology

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