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Preservation Potentials of Essential Oils of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum from Two agro-ecological zones on Freshwater Smoke-Dried Oreochromis niloticus Fish Sold in Some Local Markets in Cameroon

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2023年第5期13卷 192-207页

作者： Tsi Celestine Angu Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri Lifoter Kenneth Navti Diane Youmbi Yimta Fonteh Florence Anyanwe Angaba Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Nutrition Food and Bio-Resources Technology College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Labouratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies Yaounde Cameroon

Dried fish are susceptible to bacteria and fungi attack and are liable to chemical changes which cause losses in quality and reduction of shelf-life. It is important therefore to maintain the quality of fish because continuous consumption of contaminated fish and their products may predispose consumers to health hazards. Maintenance of high quality fish therefore calls for adequate and effective preservation techniques. The study examined the effectiveness of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum from two agro-ecological zones of Cameroon in limiting the microbial proliferation and preserving the quality of smoke-dried Oreochromis niloticus fish stored at 25˚C for two months. The plant materials were harvested from the Western Highlands and Monomodal Humid Forest agroecological zones of Cameroon. Extraction of the essential oil from the plants was done by hydro-distillation. The fish species (Oreochromis niloticus) used in this study was chosen based on a survey study on the most consumed species of freshwater smoke-dried fish in the Western Highlands and Monomodal Humid Forest agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. Heterotrophic bacteria counts, fungi counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts were used to assess the level heterotrophic bacteria, fungi and Enterobacteriaceae respectively in the fish samples during storage and were done by culture techniques using total plate count agar, potato dextrose agar and violet red bile glucose agar respectively. Total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays were used as spoilage indices to assess the nutritional quality of the fish during storage. From the survey study, Oreochromis niloticus was the most consumed smoke-dried fish in the Western Highlands (35.45%) and Monomodal Humid Forest (34.55%) agroecological zones. All the EOs caused a significant reduction in the microbial loads, total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid reactive

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus Essential Oils Fish Quality Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum agro-ecological zone

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Soil Fertility Survey in Western Usambara Mountains, Northern Tanzania

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Pedosphere 2006年第2期16卷 237-244页

作者： P. A. NDAKIDEMI J. M. R. SEMOKA Selian Agricultural Research Institute P.O. Box 6024 Arusha (Tanzania) Faculty of Applied ScienceCape Peninsula University of TechnologyCape Town CampusKeizersgrachtP. O. Box 652Cape Town 8000 (South Africa) Sokoine University of Agriculture Soil Science Department P. O. Box 3008Morogoro (Tanzania)

Soil samples from thirty sites representing four agro-ecological zones in the Western Usambara Mountains (WUM) of the Lushoto District in northern Tanzania were collected and analyzed for different nutrients. The results suggested that the major soil fertility constraint was P deficiency. On the basis of critical levels established in other areas, 90% of the soils were ranked as P deficient. This was followed by N, which was ranked as inadequate in 73% of the sites. Magnesium, K, and Ca also appeared limiting with 67%, 53% and 50% of the soils falling below the established critical values, respectively. A few soils (10%) were also found to contain exchangeable Al. The metallic micronutrients (Cu, Fe, and Zn) were adequate in all soils. Two sites had excessive Mn that could lead to toxicity in crops, and one was Mn deficient.

关键词： agro-ecological zone P deficiency soil fertility Western Usambara Mountains

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ISSR-Based Molecular Characterization of an Elite Germplasm Collection of Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas L.) in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2346-2361页

作者： ZHANG Kai WU Zheng-dan LI Yan-hua ZHANG Han WANG Liang-ping ZHOU Quan-lu TANG Dao-bin FU Yu-fan HE Feng-fa JIANG Yu-chun YANG Hang WANG Ji-chun College of agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University Sweet Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture Ministry of Education The Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchong Institute of Agricultural Sciences College of Life Science Southwest University

To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of sweet potato accessions cultivated in China, and to establish the genetic relationships among their germplasm types, a representative collection of 240 accessions was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. The mean genetic similarity coefifcient, Nei’s gene diversity, and shared allele distance of tested sweet potato accessions were 0.7302, 0.3167 and 0.2698, respectively. The 240 accessions could be divided into six subgroups and ifve subpopulations based on neighbor-joining （NJ） clustering and STRUCTURE results, and obvious genetic relationships among the tested sweet potato accessions were identiifed. The marker-based NJ clustering and population structure showed no distinct assignment pattern corresponding to lfesh color or geographical ecotype of the tested sweet potato germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed small but signiifcant difference between white and orange-lfeshed sweet potato accessions. Small but signiifcant difference were also observed among sweet potato accessions from the Southern summer-autumn sweet potato region, the Yellow River Basin spring and summer sweet potato region and the Yangtze River Basin summer sweet potato region. This study demonstrates that genetic diversity in the tested sweet potato germplasm collection in China is lower than that in some reported sweet potato germplasm collections from other regions. Pedigree investigations suggest that more diverse Chinese sweet potato varieties should be formed by broadening the selection scope of breeding parents and incorporating the introduced varieties into future breeding programs.

关键词： sweet potato genetic diversity population structure agro-ecological zone lfesh color ISSR

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Phytosanitary Situation of <i>Maize streak virus</i>in the Main Maize Production zones of Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第4期12卷 339-353页

作者： Grace Annih Mbong Christopher Suh Hervé Djomo Sime Mariette Anoumaa Theophile Fonkou Lysette Laure Chimi Nkombo Silvestro Meseka P. Lava Kumar Menkir Abebe Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development Yaoundé Cameroon International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan Nigeria

Maize streak caused by the Maize streak virus (MSV, genus Mastrevirus) is transmitted by Cicadulina spp., and is responsible for considerable maize yield losses in all maize production zones in Africa, including Cameroon. A survey was conducted in 3 agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Cameroon (Sudano-Sahelian: zone I, Western Highlands: zone III and Bimodal Rainforest: zone V) between November 2017 and November 2019 to determine the status of streak disease in maize farms. The incidence and severity were determined in 90 maize fields, 30 fields per AEZ;the effect of lightning on the disease was also assessed using 15 fields under shade and 15 opened fields per AEZ. The highest streak disease incidence (60%) was found in AEZ I, whereas the lowest incidence was 10% in AEZV. The highest disease incidence and severity (80% and 4.5 respectively) were observed in maize fields under shade as compared to open fields (70% and 4.5 respectively). The phylogenetic analysis of MSV sequences from symptomatic plants indicated it as MSV-A strain identical to be previously reported to determine the virus diversity in relation to the other characterization isolates. This information is important for the development of control strategies to limit yield losses due to MSV.

关键词： Maize streak virus Incidence Severity agro-ecological zone Cameroon

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