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Economic Development through Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(MAPs) Cultivation in Hindu Kush Himalaya Mountains of District Swat, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第5期12卷 1292-1301页

作者： Hassan SHER Mary E. BARKWORTH Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity University of Swat Intermountain Herbarium Department of Biology Utah State University

Poverty is pervasive in the Swat Valley in northwestern Pakistan, and most people survive by farming small landholdings. However, many supplement their meager subsistence earnings by collecting and selling plant material for use in herbal medicine. This material is wild-harvested, but collectors seem not to fully appreciate the potential value of the plant material they collect nor the longterm impact their collection has on local plant populations. A model project supported by the International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI)persuaded small-scale farmers in four different villages to use some of their land for cultivating traditionally wild-harvested species of medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) with high market value. The farmers were provided seeds or rhizomes of five MAPs and asked to monitor their germination and growth on 25 m2 plots during a 12 month period. At the end of the study, growth and yield data from the four localities were compared and economic analyses conducted to determine the profitability of the species based on yields, prevailing market prices, and costs of production. Five of the cultivated species were subsequently marketed and their value evaluated:Sesamum indicum, Linum usitatissimum, Ocimum basilicum, Nigella sativa and Viola pilosa. The MAPs V. pilosa and O. basilicum were the most profitable,whereas Nigella sativa was the least profitable because of its low germination rate. The net income from all but Nigella was higher than that would have been earned by planting the same area with the predominant cereals or tomatoes. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility and financial benefits of cultivating MAPs as a cash crop, this model study identified a number of additional steps that would increase the benefits of MAPs cultivation in this area.A combination of specialized education, market infrastructure development and a small loans program would enable farmers to increase their agricultural income without damaging the area's pl

关键词： Biological diversity Medicinal plant Aromatic plant agriculture productivity Traditionalcrops Economic analysis Himalaya Mountains

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Do Farmers Respond to Training？--The Case of the Millennium Challenge Account （MCA）-Ghana Programme

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2013年第11期3卷 592-608页

作者： Robert Darko Osei Isaac Osei Akoto Andrew Agyei-Holmes Hayford Mensah Ayerakwa Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana Development Policy and Practice the Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA United Kingdom

This study examined the effect of farmer business, technical training and input provision through a government intervention programme on productivity and crop incomes among Farmer Based Organizations （FBO） in Ghana. Farm level data were collected from 2,900 farmers over 11,000 farm plots. The difference-in-difference estimator is employed to test the impact of this intervention on crop yields and incomes. Farmers were randomly put into two distinct groups： the treatment （early training） and control （late training）. After the collection of baseline data, the treatment group received crop husbandry training and a starter pack which included inputs and cash both worth about US$230. The control group received the intervention after a year. The main findings of this study are that the intervention does not have any significant impact on crop yields and crop incomes. However the authors do find some evidences that as a result of the intervention, the value of chemicals used by farmers decreased by about GH^25 The study concludes by noting that although some changes do occur over the period, and it is not possible to attribute these changes to the MiDA training programme for all the indicators of interest except chemical costs.

关键词： agriculture productivity farmer incomes training.

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对中国农业社会主义改造历史意义的再评价

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中国现代史 2002年第9期 47-50,53页

作者：周含华曾长秋

农业社会主义改造是新中国历史上的一件大事，中国农村的历史因此发生了巨大变化。过去学术界对此有基本肯定和基本否定两种评价，但我们认为都存在各自的片面性。我们认为既要充分肯定农业社会主义改造对农村生产力产生的长期的积极的... 详细信息

农业社会主义改造是新中国历史上的一件大事，中国农村的历史因此发生了巨大变化。过去学术界对此有基本肯定和基本否定两种评价，但我们认为都存在各自的片面性。我们认为既要充分肯定农业社会主义改造对农村生产力产生的长期的积极的作用，以及对中国农村全面进步的深刻影响；同时也要看到农业集体化积极作用没有充分发挥的阻滞因素，力求总结经验教训，为当前解决“三农”问题提供思维方法。

关键词：农业社会主义改造农业生产力全面进步阻滞因素 socialist reconstruction of agriculture agriculture productivity overall progress obstructive factor

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生产率进步影响农村人力资本积累吗？

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农业经济研究 2019年第5期

作者：周京奎王贵东黄征学

本文采用中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP)，在动态一般均衡框架下，从理论和实证上研究了农业生产率提高对农村人力资本积累的影响。研究表明，随着农业生产率提高，农村家庭倾向于进行教育投资，进而提升了家庭人力资本积累；过去各期农业... 详细信息

本文采用中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP)，在动态一般均衡框架下，从理论和实证上研究了农业生产率提高对农村人力资本积累的影响。研究表明，随着农业生产率提高，农村家庭倾向于进行教育投资，进而提升了家庭人力资本积累；过去各期农业生产率对家庭人力资本积累的提高有显著的促进作用；越早期的农业生产率变动，对家庭人力资本积累的影响越大；农业生产率的收入增长效应是提高家庭人力资本积累水平的重要机制；农业生产率提高对于从事农业生产家庭的人力资本积累提高具有显著的推动作用，但对于从事非农生产家庭来说，农业生产率的人力资本积累效应则不很显著。上述结论意味着，国家惠农政策向农业生产率提高和教育投资领域倾斜，对于促进农村人力资本积累具有重要意义。

关键词：动态一般均衡农业生产率人力资本积累 dynamic general equilibrium agriculture productivity human capital accumulation

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