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Spatially precise reconstruction of cropland areas in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China during 1900-1910

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第5期25卷 592-602页

作者： ZHANG Lijuan JIANG Lanqi ZHANG Xuezhen Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment Harbin Normal University Har- bin 150025 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change Nanjing 210093 China

It is necessary to reconstruct past changes in land use and land cover to under- stand the historical effects of humans on climate and the local environment. We collected information from historical documents on the cropland area at the county level for Heilongji- ang Province, northeast China during 1900-1910. The original records from different histori- cal documents were calibrated with each other. We then defined an agricultural suitability index quantified by the distance from settlements, the slope and complexity of the topography, and the distance from rivers. Following the order of the agricultural suitability index from high to low values, the documented areas of cropland at the county level were then allocated into 1 km x 1 km cells. The area of cropland in 2009 was then retrieved from Landsat ETM＋ images and compared with the areas of cropland during 1900-1910 to determine the human-induced changes in land use and land cover. In this period, the total area of cropland was about 25,397 km2 and this mainly occurred in the mid-southern part of Heilongjiang, in particular the six counties of Hailun, Bayan, Wuchang, Hulan, Shuangcheng and Wangkui. In 2009, the total area of cropland had increased to about 163,808 km2 and had spread over the south- western part to the central and northeastern parts of Heilongjiang. The area of cropland had therefore increased by about 138,411 km2 during the 20th century. The proportion of land used as cropland increased from about 5.6% during 1900-1910 to about 36.2% in 2009, indicating that about 30.6% of the natural land surface in Heilongjiang was replaced by cropland. A total of about 44% （60,962 km2） of the cropland was converted from forest, mainly on the western edge and in the northeastern part of the present-day agricultural area. These areas of cropland reconstructed from historical records for the period 1900-1910 could be used as a basic data set to study the effects of agricultural development on climate and the lo

关键词： agricultural suitability index Heilongjiang Province, northeast China land cover changes 1900-1910

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