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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第7期5卷 890-899页

作者： N. Mantananont S. Garivait S. Patumsawad Department of Environmental Technology The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment King Mongkut＇s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok 10140 Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering King Mongkut＇s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800 Thailand

Emission factors （EFs） of particulate matter （PM） derived from mono and co-firing of Thai lignite and agricultural residues have been investigated. Two sampling methods for PM, total filtration （TF） and electrical low-pressure impactor （ELPI）, were used together. The study is focused on the influence of fuel mass fraction, and of secondary air to total air; SA：TA on EFs of PM. The results have shown that EFs of PM in mass-basis given by TF method are 8.9, 5.3 and 8.1 mg/kgfuel, while 3.3, 2.7 and 3.3 mg/kgfuel when using ELPI, for firing at constant SA：TA （30%） of lignite, rice husk and bagasse, respectively. For co-firing with 30%SA of coal/rice husk, higher EFs of PM is observed. They are 7.17 and 10.9 mg/kgfuel （TF） for 40 and 70% rice husk share, respectively, or 4.18 and 5.19 mg/kgfuel （ELPI）. However, lower PM emission; 1-3.3 mg/kgruel （TF） or 0.72-2.83 mg/kgfuel （ELPI） are obtained during co-firing of coal/rice husk with lower degree of air staging （i.e. 0-10% SA：TA）. For the influence of oxygenation state, increasing of SA： TA leads to a low formation of ultrafine particles （Dp 〈 0.1 μm）. Apart from PM, major gases （CO, NO, SO2） will be documented in this paper.

关键词： Emission factors particulate matter co-firing Thai lignite agricultural residues fixed bed.

Valorization of agricultural residues for Hydrogen-Based Electricity Generation towards Circular Bioeconomy

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2024年第2期13卷 57-78页

作者： Patience Afi Seglah Komikouma Apelike Wobuibe Neglo International Education School III Guangzhou College of Technology and Business Foshan China School of Foreign Languages Guangzhou College of Technology and Business Guangzhou China Institute of agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China Institute of agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

Global crises, notably climate shocks, degraded ecosystems, and growing energy demand, enforce sustainable production and consumption pathways. A circular bioeconomy offers the opportunities to actualize resource and eco-efficiency enhancement, valorization of waste streams, reduction of fossil energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Albeit biomass resources are a potential feedstock for bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) production, Ghana’s agricultural residues are not fully utilized. This paper examines the economic and environmental impact of bio-H2 electricity generation using agricultural residues in Ghana. The bio-H2 potential was determined based on biogas steam reforming (BSR). The research highlights that BSR could generate 2617 kt of bio-H2, corresponding to 2.78% of the global hydrogen demand. Yam and maize residues contribute 50.47% of the bio-H2 produced, while millet residues have the most negligible share. A tonne of residues could produce 16.59 kg of bio-H2 and 29.83 kWh of electricity. A total of 4,705.89 GWh of electricity produced could replace the consumption of 21.92% of Ghana’s electricity. The economic viability reveals that electricity cost is $0.174/kWh and has a positive net present value of $2135550609.45 with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.26. The fossil diesel displaced is 1421.09 ML, and 3862.55 kt CO2eq of carbon emissions decreased corresponding to an annual reduction potential of 386.26 kt CO2eq. This accounts for reducing 10.26% of Ghana’s GHG emissions. The study demonstrates that hydrogen-based electricity production as an energy transition is a strategic innovation pillar to advance the circular bioeconomy and achieve sustainable development goals.

关键词： agricultural residues Biogas Steam Reforming Bio-Hydrogen Electricity Circular Bioeconomy

A techno-economic assessment for viability of some waste as cooling pads in evaporative cooling system

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第2期8卷 151-158页

作者： Macmanus C Ndukwu Seth I Manuwa Department of agricultural and Bio Resources Engineering College of Engineering and Engineering TechnologyMichael Okpara University of Agriculture UmudikeP.M.B.7267 Umuahia Abia StateNigeria Department of agricultural Engineering School of Engineering and Engineering Technology Federal University of Technology AkureP.M.B.704 AkureOndo StateNigeria

The viability of some waste as cooling pads for evaporative cooling application in South-Western Nigeria was experimentally *** is to ascertain their effectiveness as a substitute for costly imported pads in a low income *** presented was the feasibility of utilizing standalone evaporative coolers for storage and selling of fruits in South-Western *** ambient air was forced through the various pads at three different fan speeds and constant cooling pad thickness of 30 *** characteristics were considered based on daily analysis using temperature and humidity data measured from morning to evening at location co-ordinates latitude 7°10′N and longitude 5°05′E for 6 *** daily temperature T and humidity h ranged between 26℃≤T≤45℃ and 28%≤h_(2)≤80%.Temperature differenceDT and humidity differenceDh of 0.6℃≤ΔT≤18.3℃ and 1.0%≤Δh≤53%was achieved for the four cooling pad materials tested at three fan *** andDh was recorded at fan speed of 4 m/s with shredded latex foam and jute sack *** cooling efficiency(η)calculated for all the pads under the three speeds ranged from 17.3%≤η≤98.8%.Payback period(PBP)analysis indicated the considered EVC is economically feasible and investors will break even in 1.75 years.

关键词： evaporative cooling agricultural residues passive cooling cooling effectiveness cooling pads

Review in life cycle assessment of biomass conversion through pyrolysis-issues and recommendations

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Green Chemical Engineering 2022年第4期3卷 304-312页

作者： Zhaozhuo Yu Haoxiang Mab Xiangjun Liu Miao Wang Junqi Wang School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China Deep Sea Engineering Division Institute of Deep-Sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesSanya572000China

Biomass,widespread and carbon-neutral energy,can provide electric energy and replace fossil fuel-derived *** is the main way of converting biomass to different bioenergy products with the consumption of material and energy,which will cause environmental *** confirm the actual environmental impact of biomass conversion,life cycle assessment(LCA)is used for analyzing the *** to choosing different LCA methods,the results for the same thing in different reports will show obvious *** review is devoted to providing recommendations on how to handle methodological issues when analyzing LCA study,by which researchers can better realize the similarities and differences in biomass conversion *** this review,multiple clarifications and methodological recommendations on the four steps of the LCA process(including goal and scope definition,life cycle inventory,life cycle impact assessment,and interpretation)are ***,the LCA results are discussed systematically,in which the global warming potential gets extra ***,different biomass feedstocks are divided into agricultural residues,forest residues,and microalgae ***,the current challenges and future framework of biomass conversion are expounded in detail from the perspective of LCA.

关键词： Life cycle assessment Pyrolysis Global warming potential agricultural residues Forest residues Microalgae

Production of Producer Gas from Densified agricultural Biomass in Downdraft Gasifier and Its Application to Small Diesel Engines

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Energy Engineering 2022年第5期119卷 2149-2167页

作者： Kittikorn Sasujit NigranHomdoung Nakorn Tippayawong School of Renewable Energy Maejo UniversityChiang Mai50290Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand

Biomass is becoming one of the most popular renewable energy sources,especially from agricultural *** wastes can be gasified and utilized in various *** experimental study investigated producer gas generation from densified agricultural fuels such as corncobs,rice husks,wood chips,and oil palm fronds in a 50 kWth throatless downdraft *** system produced combustible gases such as H_(2),CO,and CH_(4),which were utilized as a substitute for diesel fuel in a small diesel engine for power *** results showed that the gasifier performs successfully and seems to prefer pellets to *** gas contains 18%–20%carbon monoxide,1%–6%hydrogen,and 0.9%–1.9%*** gasification efficiencies of 53%–71%were achieved with biomass pellets from wood chips,corncobs,oil palm fronds,and rice husks,with producer gas calorific value of 2.94–3.85 MJ/Nm^(3).The average fuel consumption rate was between 6.72–14.43 kg/h,while the producer gas yield was between 2–3 Nm^(3)/*** average gravimetric concentration of biomass tar in the raw product gas was found to be in the range of 23–50 g/Nm^(3),in which pelletized fuel appeared to show slightly lower tar than briquette *** tar was primarily composed of five compounds:Benzo(a)pyrene,chrysene,pyrene,phenanthrene,1-methylnaphthalene,and several other polycyclic aromatic *** producer gas from oil palm frond briquettes and biodiesel were tested in a gas engine system in a dual fuel mode.A thermal efficiency of 22.21%was achieved with 2500 W electric load and a 72%biodiesel displacement rate,respectively.

关键词： agricultural residues biomass densification gasification tar removal

Impact of hydrolysis on surface area and energy storage applications of activated carbons produced from corn fiber and soy hulls

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2020年第1期3卷 19-28页

作者： Zachary D.Herde Ruchira Dharmasena Gamini Sumanasekera Jaya Shankar Tumuluru Jagannadh Satyavolu Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Energy Systems Laboratory Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUSA School of Chemical and Biomolecular Eng Georgia Institute of TechnologyUnited States

Complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass through the creation of value-added coproducts is one of the key strategies of the Bioenergy Technologies Office(BETO)for the cost-effective production of biofuels and biochemicals.A green approach to producing lightweight and high specific surface area(SSA)activated carbons(ACs)from sustainable biomass sources is of great interest to producers and users of energy devices such as batteries and *** direct conversion from biomass has been studied extensively,AC with relatively high surface areas can be produced more cost-effectively when leveraged as a co-product from a *** this paper,we discuss the production of high specific surface area activated carbons from residual fiber(fiber remaining after extraction of C5-sugars)generated as part of a C5 *** surface,morphological characteristics using SEM and TEM,and energy storage behavior of ACs produced using the C5 extracted residual fiber were evaluated in the present *** ACs produced from the residual fiber delivered an order of magnitude higher surface area than the one directly from corn pericarp fiber and soy *** surface area of the ACs produced from pre-hydrolysis DDG was only 10 m^(2)/g compared to 689 m^(2)/g for soy hulls whereas after hydrolysis these values increased significantly(DDG:1700 m^(2)/g and soy hulls:1300 m^(2)/g).TEM images indicated high exfoliation,explaining the change in surface area *** the same current density(500 mA/g)the cycling performance of the ACs increased as the surface area increased significantly.

关键词： agricultural residues Hydrolysis Activated carbon Surface area characterization Surface morphology

Utilization of Corn residues for Water Filtration at Fish Tanks

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Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2016年第1期2卷 13-24页

作者： Al-Rajhi M. A. Ag. Eng. Res. Institute AEnRI ARC. El-Doki Egypt

Filtration has been widely used in re-circulating aquaculture system to remove waste. However, the study of some agricultural residues （corn） usage as the filter medium has not yet been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to construct a filter made from inexpensive and readily available corn residues and to analyze its effectiveness in controlling suspended solids that directly impact health of fish through abrasion of gill tissues or indirectly through water quality deterioration. The performance evaluation procedure was carried out in an aquaculture system with production in glass tanks located indoor in laboratory at Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Egypt. The evaluation included three concentrations of total suspended solids （450, 900 and 1,350 mg/L）; four residues particle size distribution （3.35, 9.53, 12.7 mm and ascending order to mentioned sizes from bottom to top）; and four thicknesses of filter layer （9, 21, 33 and 45 cm）. The effectiveness of this filter was measured by determining filter efficiency （ηf）, % and filtration rate （FR）, mL/min. It was observed that the maximum value of （ηf）, % was achieved at 450 mg/L concentration of total suspended solids, ascending order to sizes from bottom to top and 45 cm thickness of filtration layer. The maximum value of filtration rate was achieved at 450 mg/l concentration of total suspended solids, 12.7 mm particle size distribution and 9 cm thickness of filter layer. Results indicated that this filter is efficient enough to remove suspended solids. Therefore, this milled corn residues filter can be used in aquaculture systems for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus culture system.

关键词： agricultural residues corn filter re-circulating aquaculture system total suspended solids filtration rate.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of durian shells in ASEAN countries:A review

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2021年第4期13卷 461-471页

作者： Yuan-fei Zhan Xiao-tao Hou Li-li Fan Zheng-cai Du Soo Ee Ch'ng Siok Meng Ng Khamphanh Thepkaysone Er-wei Hao Jia-gang Deng Faculty of Pharmacy Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning 530200China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning 530001China Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of agricultural residues Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning 530200China China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning 530200China Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning530001China CAIQ Test Innovation(Malaysia)Service Center Selangor 40150Malaysia Bio-Axis Healthcare Limited Hong Kong 999077China Institute of Traditional Medicine VientianeLao PDR

Durio zibethnus is mainly distributed in Southeast *** Chinese medicine believes that durian shells have the effects of clearing heat and purging fire,nourishing yin and moisturizing ***,it is often used as a pharmaceutic food in the Chinese folk to assist treating *** present,the chemical constituents isolated from durian shell include phenolic acids,phenolic glycosides,flavonoids,coumarins,triterpenes,simple glycosides and other *** pharmacological studies show that durian shell has many pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant,antiinflammatory,regulation of glucose and lipid *** chemical composition and pharmacological effects of durian shells are summarized in order to provide references for the further research and application of durian shell.

关键词： agricultural residues chemical constituents durian shell Durio zibethnus Murr. pharmacological effects

Comparing Sound Absorption Characteristic of Acoustic Boards Made of Aspen Particles and Different Percentage of Wheat and Barely Straws

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Comparing Sound Absorption Characteristic of Acoustic Boards...