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Impacts of ecological restoration projects on agricultural productivity in China

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2013年第3期23卷 404-416页

作者： QIN Yuanwei YAN Huimin LIU Jiyuan DONG Jinwei CHEN Jingqing XIAO Xiangming Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Departments of Microbiology and Plant Botany Center for Spatial Analysis University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73019-5300 USA

The changes in cropland quantity and quality due to land use are critical concerns to national food security, particularly for China. Despite the significant ecological effects, the ecological restoration program （ERP）, started from 1999, has evidently altered the spatial patterns of China＇s cropland and agricultural productivity. Based on cropland dynamic data from 2000 to 2008 primarily derived from satellite images with a 30-m resolution and satel- lite-based net primary productivity models, we identified the impacts on agricultural produc- tivity caused by ERP, including ＂Grain for Green＂ Program （GFGP） and ＂Reclaimed Cropland to Lake＂（RCTL） Program. Our results indicated that the agricultural productivity lost with a rate of 132.67×104 t/a due to ERP, which accounted for 44.01% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes during 2000-2005. During 2005-2008, the loss rate due to ERP de- creased to 77.18×104 t/a, which was equivalent to 58.17% of that in the first five years and 30.22% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes. The agricultural productivity loss from 2000-2008 caused by ERP was more attributed to GFGP （about 70%） than RCTL. Al- though ERP had a certain influence on cropland productivity during 2000-2008, its effect was still much less than that of urbanization; moreover, ERP was already converted from the project implementation phase to the consolidation phase.

关键词： ecological restoration agricultural productivity remote sensing Grain for Green Reclaimed Croplland to Lake

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Banking Sector Development and agricultural productivity in Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC)

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Journal of agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2020年第2期10卷 68-82页

作者： Chi Aloysius Ngong Kesuh Jude Thaddeus Josaphat Uchechukwu Joe Onwumere Department of Banking and Finance University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

There is high pressure for investment capital and financial services for agricultural activities necessary for poverty reduction,economic growth,sustainable development and food security.This study investigated the long-term causation between banking sector development and agricultural productivity in the six Central African Economic and Monetary Community(CEMAC)states from 1990 to 2018,hypothesizing no causation between banking sector and agriculture output.With the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)model and vector error correction model(VECM),the study demonstrates that banking sector and agricultural productivity in the CEMAC region are related.It implies long-run relationship exists between banking sector and agricultural productivity in the CEMAC zone.The results reveal that bidirectional causality exists between banking sector and agricultural productivity in the CEMAC region.This is insinuating that in the CEMAC region,agricultural productivity and banking sector development are operating in mutualism.The findings indicate the reason to establish the banking sector using proper macroeconomic,legal and regulatory policies to boost agricultural productivity by creating incentive systems that channel more credit to agricultural investment and promoting the banking system.

关键词： agricultural productivity banking sector development economic growth agricultural financing investment sustainable development

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Simulating Microbial Functional Diversity Dynamics in agricultural Soils: An Individual Based Modeling Approach

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 159-174页

作者： Diego Rubio Fernandez Emiliano Barreto-Hernández Biotechnology Institute Research Group Bioinformatica Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia

New agricultural soil model approaches based on the microbiome dynamics must be considered as they can contribute to understand microbiological soil processes directly linked to substrate metabolism and the influence of these processes on plant growth. The present work presents an approach to the modelling of the interactions of the soil microbial functional diversity with the plant in terms of functions associated to specific processes of organic Carbon and Nitrogen metabolism. The substrates transformations arising in the organic matter that enters as a part of an agricultural scheme are the base for define this metabolism. As result, it has been possible to simulate a rhizospheric soil based on the concept of complex system dynamics and Individual Based Modeling known too as Agent-Based Modeling in an agricultural management context. The explicit definition of the microbiome functional diversity and the processing of the structural elements Carbon and Nitrogen, allowed representing the functional dynamics of this complex system composed by microorganisms, Carbon, Nitrogen and the plant. The variables that reflect the biology and the adaptation to the rhizospheric environment characterized the microorganisms and the assemblage community patterns in time. The main simulations output are system glucose and nitrate levels and an approach to plant growth, all resultant from the metabolic process of the considered Carbon and Nitrogen consortia. The results indicate that the microorganism’s diversity assemblages and its functional expression have a fundamental role in terms of plant growth.

关键词： System Dynamics Soil Microbiota agricultural productivity Microbial Ecology Netlogo

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Rural Labor Migration and Households＇ Land Rental Behavior： Evidence from China

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China & World Economy 2018年第1期26卷 66-85页

作者： Xianqing Ji Zhonghao Qian Linxiu Zhang Tonglong Zhang Institute of National Governance and National Audit Nanjing Audit University China Business School Yangzhou University China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China National School of agricultural Institution and Development South China Agricultural University China

There has been growing debate about whether the changing demographic composition due to rural labor migration could potentially threaten China＇s agricultural productivity. The Chinese Government is promoting the ＂three rights separation system＂ to consolidate agricultural land through the land rental market with the explicit intention of fostering new agricultural management subjects and improving agricultural produetivity. The present paper estimates the effect of rural labor migration on households＇ participation in land renting in and renting out activities based on a unique dataset from three rounds of nationally representative surveys. Our results indicate that rural labor migration has a significant negative effect on households renting in land and has a positive effect on households renting out land in rural China. Therefore, the government should adopt targeted policies to effectively encourage farmers with higher agricultural capacity to rent in land to alleviate the negative effect of rural migration on households renting in land. Supporting policies should guarantee that rural migrants enjoy the same welfare services as urban residents.

关键词： agricultural productivity households＇ land rental behavior rural labor migration rural-urban China

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Pathways for Expediting Joint agricultural Development of China and BRI Countries

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China Economist 2020年第5期15卷 15-29页

作者：龚斌磊 China Academy for Rural Development(CARD)and School of Public Affairs Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Based on the agricultural panel data of 107 countries from 1962 to 2016,this paper establishes a global agricultural spatial production model,and explores pathways for mutually beneficial cooperation between China and the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries in the agricultural sector.As shown in the empirical results,two-way spillover effects between China and BRI countries are all positive and significantly above world average of its kind,which builds the foundation of cooperation between both sides and reflects the BRI’s vision and foresight.In the context of the BRI,there are two pathways for expediting agricultural development in China and BRI countries:First,both sides may benefit from greater spillover effects from each other’s agricultural growth by promoting agricultural trade;second,China may gain from the overall spillover effects from agricultural development in BRI countries by promoting two-way trade,agri-technology aid and assistance in infrastructure projects for the common good of humanity.

关键词： Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) agricultural productivity spatial production function spillover effects

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Influences of greenhouse effect on agricultural production in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1990年第4期2卷 3-10页

作者： Gao Suhua, Ding Yihui, Pan Yaru and Zhao Zongci Academy of Meteorological Science,State Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China

An obvious warming in China induced by doubled carbon, dioxide as simulated by the climatic models have been found. It is also noticed that there might be drying or wetting in some parts of China induced by doubled CO2 as simulated by the general circulation models(GCMs). agricultural productivity mainly depends on the temperature, rainfall and soil moisture in China. The changes of agricultural productivity in the different parts of China induced by doubled CO2 have been estimated in this paper. It is shown that the greenhouse effect might cause increasing production in some parts of China and decreasing production in other parts of China.

关键词： greenhouse effect agricultural productivity doubled CO2 GCMs climatic productivity force.

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Characterization and Classification of agricultural Production Systems in the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)

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agricultural Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 481-502页

作者： Víctor Barrera Álvaro Monteros-Altamirano Marilú Valverde Luis Escudero Joanna Allauca Angélica Zapata Estación Experimental Santa Catalina Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) Quito Ecuador Researchers at the Centro de Bioconocimiento y Desarrollo Agrario CBDA Galapagos INIAP San Cristobal Island GalapagosEcuador

The low level of agricultural productivity within the production systems in the insular region of Galapagos is caused by the lack of sustainable technologies accordingly to the insular conservation regime. As a consequence, producers face low productivity and economic losses, which result in low levels of incomes and hasten the change from agricultural to tourist activities. With consequent abandonment of productive lands, the presence of invasive species and pathogens has become a growing threat to the biodiversity of the Galapagos National Park. For this reason, it is necessary to generate and disseminate technologies adapted to the prevalent production systems in the islands. Primary data were collected through face-to-face surveys in a sample of 208 producers from 4 islands during the period from July to November 2018. Multivariate analyses (principal components and cluster) were applied to characterize and classify typical agricultural production systems. The results show three types of systems, differentiated mainly by the technology used in the management of agricultural production, that influence the yields of crops and of animal products such as beef and milk, which cannot satisfy the demand for food on the islands, which has created the dependence on imports to cover the production gap. The definition of the types of agricultural production systems can help in identifying sustainable production alternatives that integrate local social and environmental needs. This is one of the very few technical descriptions of farms on the islands and should be used by policymakers to plan interventions.

关键词： agricultural productivity Types of Systems Biodiversity Multivariate Analysis

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中国农业科技进步贡献率结构演变及提升路径

农业经济研究

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农业经济研究 2023年第7期

作者：钱加荣赵芝俊毛世平

本文从要素体现式技术进步理论视角强化农业科技进步贡献率测算的理论基础，针对农业科技进步贡献率测算存在的问题，对测算模型和估计方法进行优化调整，进一步将农业技术进步细化分解为中性技术进步、要素增强技术进步等部分，以此来... 详细信息

本文从要素体现式技术进步理论视角强化农业科技进步贡献率测算的理论基础，针对农业科技进步贡献率测算存在的问题，对测算模型和估计方法进行优化调整，进一步将农业技术进步细化分解为中性技术进步、要素增强技术进步等部分，以此来解析中国农业科技进步贡献率结构特征及演变规律。结果显示，1990-2020年中国农业技术进步速度为2.44%，其中中性技术进步速度呈快速上升趋势，并已成为驱动中国农业科技进步的主导力量，物质增强技术进步呈现明显下降趋势，劳动增强技术进步保持平稳上升态势；当前中性、物质、劳动技术进步在农业技术进步中的比重分别为50.7%、32.3%和17.3%，其技术进步贡献率分别为31.3%、23.1%和10.4%；2000-2020，中国农业科技进步贡献率从35%快速上升至超过60%水平，表明我国农业科技工作取得显著成效，农业发展方式已逐步实现由早期的要素依赖型向科技驱动型转变。最后，从加快科技创新步伐、重构农业科技推广体系、加大农业支持保护力度等方面，提出促进中国农业科技进步贡献率水平提升的实现路径。

关键词：技术进步科技进步贡献率农业生产率产出弹性　　technical change contribution rate agricultural productivity elasticity

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农地产权稳定性与农地生产率

农业经济研究

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农业经济研究 2022年第2期

作者：高叙文方师乐史新杰卫龙宝

产权和生产率的关系一直是发展经济学研究的热点，而中国新一轮的农地确权为探究两者的关系提供了一个良好的外生自然实验。本文利用浙江大学中国家庭大数据库（CFD）2015年和2017年的数据，通过面板固定效应模型，研究了农地确权政策... 详细信息

产权和生产率的关系一直是发展经济学研究的热点，而中国新一轮的农地确权为探究两者的关系提供了一个良好的外生自然实验。本文利用浙江大学中国家庭大数据库（CFD）2015年和2017年的数据，通过面板固定效应模型，研究了农地确权政策是否、多大程度上以及如何影响农地生产率。研究结论显示，农地确权会显著提高农地生产率（3.7%），且其效应存在时间异质性。对确权1年以内的农户没有影响，但能显著提高确权1年以上农户的农地生产率（5%）。进一步的机制探究发现，稳定的产权能增加农户对农地的长期投资，同时加速农户的农地流转行为，进而提升农地生产率。

关键词：农地确权农地生产率产权稳定性滞后效应　　land certification agricultural productivity tenure security lag effect

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农村供销合作社：从群众运动转向市场引导的理论探索

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毛泽东思想 2009年第5期 77-81页

作者：谭献民黄新宇

古代和近代中国的社会性质和主要矛盾，致使个体农业生产力的发展水平相当低。它与封建地主阶级土地所有制之间、与个体农民保守落后的思想意识和简陋的生产工具之间构成矛盾的两个层次。而农民阶级又是反帝反封建的革命主力军和生力军... 详细信息

古代和近代中国的社会性质和主要矛盾，致使个体农业生产力的发展水平相当低。它与封建地主阶级土地所有制之间、与个体农民保守落后的思想意识和简陋的生产工具之间构成矛盾的两个层次。而农民阶级又是反帝反封建的革命主力军和生力军，从而使矛盾的解决错综复杂。革命战争年代是通过群众运动以土地革命的方式来解决矛盾的第一个层次的。刘少奇于1948年初写的有关合作社的系列手稿提出：必须依靠农村供销合作社以新民主主义的市场引导来解决后一个层次的矛盾，成为从群众运动转向市场引导的理论创新。

关键词：农业生产力群众运动农村供销合作社市场引导 agricultural productivity mass movement rural supply and marketing cooperatives market leading

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