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Exploring the adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis: differences in uropygial gland volume and haemosporidian infection in palearctic and neotropical birds

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 147-156页

作者： Sergio MAGALLANES Anders Pape MøLLER Charlene LUJÁN-VEGA Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Luz GARCÍA-LONGORIAA Florentino DE LOPE JoséA.IANNACONE Alfonso MARZAL Department of Anatomy Cellular Biology and ZoologyUniversity of ExtremaduraAvda.de Elvas S/NBadajoz ES-06006Spain Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudOrsay 91400France Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeiing Normal UniversityBeiing 100875China Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Perú Centro Urku de Estudios Amazónicos Tarapoto 22202Perú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima 15024Perú Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversityLund 22100Sweden Laboratorio de Ingenieria Ambiental Universidad Cientifica del Sur-Villa el SalvadorLima 15067Perú Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo PalmaSantiago de Surco 15039Perú

parasites are globally widespread pathogenic organisms,which impose im portant selective forces upon their hosts.Thus,in accordance with the A djustm ent to parasite pressure hypothesis,it is expected that defenses among hosts vary relative to the selective pressure imposed by parasites.According to the latitudinal gradient in diversity,species richness and abundance of parasites peak near the equator.The uropygial gland is an im portant defensive exocrine gland against pathogens in birds.Size of the uropygial gland has been proposed to vary among species of birds because of divergent selection by pathogens on their hosts.Therefore,we should expect that bird species from the tropics should have relatively larger uropygial glands for their body size than species from higher latitudes.However,this hypothesis has not yet been explored.Here,we analyze the size of the uropygial gland of 1719 individual birds belonging to 36 bird species from 3 Neotropical(Peru)and 3 temperate areas(Spain).Relative uropygial gland volum e was 12.52%larger in bird species from the tropics than from temperate areas.This finding is consistent w ith the relative size of this defensive organ being driven by selective pressures imposed by parasites.We also explored the potential role of this gland as a means of avoiding haemosporidian infection,showing that species with large uropygial glands for their body size tend to have lower mean prevalence of haemosporidian infection,regardless o f their geographical origin.This result provides additional support for the assum ption that secretions from the uropygial gland reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with haemosporidians.

关键词： adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis malaria Neotropical region preen oil temperate region

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