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adaptive mechanisms underlying the bat biosonar behavior

Frontiers in Biology 2010年第2期5卷 128-155页

作者： Philip H.-S.JEN Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program University of Missouri-ColumbiaMOUSA 65211

For survival,bats of the suborder Microchiropetra emit intense ultrasonic pulses and analyze the weak returning echoes to extract the direction,distance,velocity,size,and shape of the *** these bats and other mammals share the common layout of the auditory pathway and sound coding mechanism,they have highly developed auditory systems to process biologically relevant pulses at the expense of a reduced visual *** this active biosonar behavior,they progressively shorten the pulse duration,decrease the amplitude and pulse-echo gap as they search,approach and finally intercept the ***,these changes in multiple pulse parameters throughout the entire course of hunting enable them to extract maximal information about localized prey from the returning *** hunt successfully,the auditory system of these bats must be less sensitive to intense emitted pulses but highly sensitive to weak returning *** also need to recognize and differentiate the echoes of their emitted pulses from echoes of pulses emitted by other *** studies have shown the following mechanical and neural adaptive mechanisms underlying the successful bat biosonar behavior:(1)Forward orienting and highly mobile pinnae for effective scanning,signal reception,sound pressure transformation and mobile auditory sensitivity;(2)Avoiding and detecting moving targets more successfully than stationary ones;(3)Coordinated activity of highly developed laryngeal and middle ear muscles during pulse emission and reception;(4)Mechanical and neural attenuation of intense emitted pulses to prepare for better reception of weak returning echoes;(5)Increasing pulse repetition rate to improve multiple-parametric selectivity to echoes;(6)Dynamic variation of duration selectivity and recovery cycle of auditory neurons with hunting phase for better echo analysis;(7)Maximal multiple-parametric selectivity to expected echoes returning within a time window after pulse emission;(8)Pu

关键词： adaptive mechanisms bat biosonar behavior

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Research on the adaptive mechanisms in Particle Filter

Research on the Adaptive Mechanisms in Particle Filter

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2010 Chinese Control and Decision Conference

作者： Yu Jinxia~(1,2),Tang Yongli~(1,3),Liu Wenjing~1 1.College of Computer Science and Technology,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China 2.Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Image Processing and Image Communication,Nanjing University of Posts and Communication, Nanjing 210003,China 3.Department of Computer Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China

＜正＞Particle filter based on the adaptive mechanisms has become a key issue for the recursive Bayesian estimation problem with non-linear,non-Gaussian and multi-modal *** at the inherent deficiency in particle filter and combined with the up-to-date research and application in the mobile robot field,some key technologies in current study are respectively summarized from the adaptive mechanism of sample size,the resampling strategy,proposal distribution,motion / likelihood model and the integration with other *** the same time,the main challenges that need to be solved in this field are concluded and some future trends about the technology of these difficulties are also presented.

关键词： Particle Filter adaptive mechanisms Sample Size Resampling Proposal Distribution Motion / Likelihood Model

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Linkages of volatile fatty acids and polyhexamethylene guanidine stress during sludge fermentation:Metagenomic insights of microbial metabolic traits and adaptation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第6期34卷 172-177页

作者： Feng Wang Wei Du Wenxuan Huang Shiyu Fang Xiaoshi Cheng Leiyu Feng Jiashun Cao Jingyang Luo Yang Wu Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of EducationHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Environment Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The massive use of polyhexamethylene guanidine(PHMG),as a typical bactericidal agent,raised environmental concerns to the *** work comprehensively revealed the hormesis effects of PHMG occurred in waste activated sludge(WAS)on the generation of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)during anaerobic *** low level of PHMG(100 mg/g TSS)significantly promoted the VFAs generation(1283 mg COD/L,compared with 337 mg COD/L in the control)via synchronously facilitating the solubilization,hydrolysis,and acidification steps but inhibiting *** analysis showed that the functional anaerobe(i.e.,Bacteroides,Macellibacteroide and Parabacteroide)and corresponding genetic expressions responsible for extracellular hydrolysis(i.e.,clp P),membrane transport(i.e.,ffh and gsp F),intracellular substrates metabolism(i.e.,ald and paa F)and VFAs biosynthesis(i.e.,ACACA and FASN)were enhanced in the optimal presence of ***,the anaerobic species could respond and adapt to low PHMG stimuli via quorum sensing(i.e.,cqs A,rpf C and rpf G),and thus maintain the high microbial metabolic ***,they were unable to tolerate the toxicity of excessive PHMG,resulting in the extremely low VFAs *** work enlightened the effects of emerging pollutants on WAS fermentation at the genetic levels,and provided guidance on the WAS treatment and resource recovery.

关键词： Polyhexamethylene guanidine(PHMG) Waste activated sludge(WAS) Volatile fatty acids(VFAs) Metabolic pathways adaptive mechanisms

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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Different mechanisms of Adaptation to Environment among Three Species of Saussurea DC.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1517-1528页

作者： Weimin Zhao Fengzhen Li Guomin Shi Jialei Guo Guifang He Tao He School of Ecol-Environmental Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining810016China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining810016China Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants of Qinghai Province Qinghai UniversityXining810016China

Saussurea medusa,Saussurea hypsipeta and Saussurea obvallata are typical alpine snowline plants growing in the Qinghai-Tibet *** are characterized by a specialized *** and *** have very dense trichomes on whole plant,whereas *** has transparent bracts covered *** different forms reflect their adaptation to cold *** investigate the different mechanisms of adaptation of these species to cold temperatures,transcriptome sequencing was performed in three species of Saussurea DC.A total of 116394137237 and 113879 Unigenes were identified from ***,*** and ***,*** these,55909(48.03%),65519(47.74%)and 51889(45.56%)Unigenes were matched in public *** analysis identified that most of annotated Unigenes in the three species of plants were related to cellular,metabolic,and single−organism processes,and binding and catalytic *** differential expression of 37 genes related to environmental adaptation were discovered by pairwise *** these,two candidate genes(Interaptin-like and CSLB3)related to trichome development were identified only in *** and ***,which was consistent with their distinct *** data can provide a valuable resource for the further studies on the adaptive mechanisms of molecular and functional ecology in Saussurea DC.

关键词： Saussurea DC. transcriptome adaptive mechanisms

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Physiological Response of the Resurrection Fern Subjected to Environmental Stress as Shown by Plant Cell Membrane Integrity

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第8期13卷 1081-1089页

作者： Carly Balsam Ed Bush St. Joseph’s Academy Baton Rouge USA LSU AgCenter Baton Rouge USA

Resurrection fern has a unique ability to maintain cell wall integrity when the plant cell is desiccated. It uses proteins such as late embryogenesis proteins and heat shock proteins to maintain their cellular functions. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects of environmental stressors on the physiological response of the resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides). The physiological response of resurrection fern plants was subjected to various temperatures (-50°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 50°C) for 7 days. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between hydrated and desiccated ferns based on the temperature. Additionally, electrolyte leakage measurements confirmed cell damage following exposure to temperature extremes of -50°C and 50°C.

关键词： adaptive mechanisms Plant Stress Plant Cell Wall Cell Leakage

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