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Seedling growth dynamic of Haloxylon ammodendron and its adaptation strategy to habitat condition in hinterland of desert

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第S1期 107-114页

作者： WEI Jiang1,2,3, ZHANG XiMing1, SHAN LiShan1,2, YAN HaiLong1,2 & LIANG ShaoMing1,2 1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 ürümqi Environmental Protection Bureau, ürümqi 830063, China

Through measuring the above/below-ground growth data of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings at different stages in hinterland of the desert the results show that the *** seedling growth has demonstrated different adaptation characteristics in the continued arid environment with time and space. In May, July, September and October, the growth speed of vertical root is 0.607 cm/d,0.809 cm/d,0.155 cm/d and 0.394 cm/d, respectively; the growth speed of height is 0.093 cm/d,0.076 cm/d, 0.408 cm/d and 136 cm/d, respectively. It is explained that seedlings root system has the growth superiority in space. The maximum growth speed of below-ground (vertical root and horizontal root) of seedling is earlier than that of above-ground (height and horizontal of shoot). In the different periods, the vertical growth speed and the horizontal growth speed of below-ground is 2-10 times and 3-5 times than the height increase speed and the shoot growth speed, respectively. In the whole season, the growth speed of above/below-ground of seedlings shows the alternation growth tendency. At the different periods, the root/shoot ratio of H. ammodendron seedlings is 0.41,0.3,0.39 and 0.88. All these characteristics are the comprehensive performance of seedlings' strategy selection to adapt to the continued arid environment.

关键词： root systems growth speed allocation root/shoot ratio adaptation strategy

Climate Change vs Cultural Heritage: An adaptation strategy for the Archaeological Site of Ancient Messene

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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第3期12卷 456-488页

作者： Vasiliki Pougkakioti Miltiades Lazoglou Eleni Maistrou ELLINIKI ETAIRIA-Society for the Environment and Cultural Heritage Athens Greece

This article examines the effects of climate change on archaeological sites, using as a case study the archaeological site of Ancient Messene in Greece, and proposes an integrated adaptation strategy. In order to determine the site’s most significant risks, a climate data analysis was conducted, taking into account three different climate emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways) and two future periods (2031-2060, 2071-2100). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability assessment methodology was adopted to assess the vulnerability of the archaeological site to the effects of climate change. This is the first time such a methodology has been followed in Greece. The analysis revealed that the site’s critical hazards are fire, desertification, and flooding. The geographical location of the site in an intensely dry microclimate and the lack of safe and functional electromechanical and road infrastructure increase its vulnerability. The materials of the monuments are indirectly and directly impacted by climate change, whereas the vegetation is negatively impacted by the frequency of extreme events, especially wildfires. Based on the analysis results, a five-axis adaptation strategy was developed.

关键词： Climate Change Cultural Heritage Archaeological Site Vulnerability Resilience Adaptive Capacity adaptation strategy

Transcriptomic and physiological analyses identifying Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii ***)drought adaptation strategies

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第1期9卷 145-157页

作者： Wenmei Li Yajun Wang Heng Ren Zhihong Guo Na Li Chengzheng Zhao Zhongkui Xie Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Drought stress is the main limiting plant growth factor in arid and semiarid *** Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii ***)is the only sweet-tasting lily grown in these regions of China that offers highly edible,medicinal,health,and ornamental *** Tresor lily is an ornamental flower known for its strong *** were grown under three different drought intensity treatments,namely,being watered at intervals of 5,15,and 25 d(either throughout the study or during specific growth stages).We measured the biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic response,chlorophyll content(SPAD value),and osmoregulation of both the Lanzhou lily and the Tresor lily(Lilium‘Tresor’).Additionally,we employed RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)and qRT-PCR to investigate transcriptomic changes of the Lanzhou lily in response to drought *** showed that under drought stress,the decreasing rate in the Lanzhou lily bulb weight was lower than the corresponding Tresor lily bulb rate;the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of the Lanzhou lily were all higher compared to the Tresor lily;osmoregulation constituents,such as glucose,fructose,sucrose,trehalose,and soluble sugar,in the Lanzhou lily were comparatively higher;PYL,NCED,and ERS genes were significantly expressed in the Lanzhou *** moderate drought,the biosynthesis of flavonoids,circadian rhythms,and the tryptophan metabolism pathway of the Lanzhou lily were all *** severe drought stress,fatty acid elongation,photosynthetic antenna protein,plant hormone signal transduction,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis,and the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were all *** Lanzhou lily adapted to drought stress by coordinating its organs and the unique role of its bulb,regulating photosynthesis,increasing osmolyte content,activating circadian rhythms,signal transduction,fatty acid elongation metabolism,and phenylalanine and flavonoid metabolic pathways,which may collectively be the

关键词： Drought stress adaptation strategy Osmolytes Lanzhou lily Physiological characterization Transcription profiles

Empirical assessment of adaptation to climate change impacts of mountain households:development and application of an adaptation Capability Index

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第8期13卷 1503-1514页

作者： Rajiv PANDEY Nandini MAITHANI Roberta ARETANO Giovanni ZURLINI Kelli M ARCHIE Ajay K GUPTA Vishnu Prasad PANDEY Biodiversity and Climate Change Division ICFREDehradun 248 006India Forest Research Institute Dehradun 248006India Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of SalentoLecee 73100Italy Climate Change Research Institute Victoria University of WellingtonWellington 6140New Zealand Asian Institute of Technology and Management(AITM) Lalitpur 44700Nepal

The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed adaptation Capability Index （ACI） is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 12o heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.

关键词： adaptation strategy Adjustmentpractice Climate change Vulnerability Resilience Social networking

Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health and adaptation Strategies in South China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2013年第4期4卷 208-214页

作者： DU Yao-Dong WANG Xian-Wei YANG Xiao-Feng MA Wen-Jun AI Hui WU Xiao-Xuan Regional Climate Center of South China Center of Integrated Geographic Information Analysis School of Geography and Planning/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-SimulationSun Yat-Sen University Third Outpatient Department Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Institute of Public Health

This study reviews the impacts of climate change on human health and presents corresponding adaptation strategies in South China. The daily mean surface air temperatures above or below 26.4~C increase the death risk for people in Guangzhou, especially the elderly are vulnerable to variations in temperature. Heat waves can cause insomnia, fatigue, clinical exacerbation, or death from heatstroke etc., while cold spells show increases in patients with fractures. During a cold spell period, the rates of both on-site emergency rescues and non-implementable rescues increase, and the risk of non-accidental deaths and respiratory disease deaths significantly rise as well. Both time series of hazy days and ozone concentrations have significant positive correlations with the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Both malaria and dengue fever reach higher altitudes and mountainous areas due to climate warming. Climate change is likely to bring stronger heat waves in the future, thereby increasing heat wave-related illnesses and deaths, particularly in the metropolitan areas of the Pearl River Delta. The projected increase of consecutive cold days in Guangdong province and parts of northern Guangxi province will affect residents＇ health in the future. The rising temperature exaggerates ozone pollution, but it is not clear whether climate change is aggravating or mitigating haze pollution. The transmission potential of malaria in South China will increase by 39%-140% and the transmission season will extend by 1 2 months with an air temperature increase of 1-2~C. By 2050, most areas in Hainan province are projected to convert from non-endemic dengue into endemic dengue areas. The aging population will cause more vulnerable people. To mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on human health, sound and scientific adaptation strategies must be adopted in advance, such as strengthening the surveillance of epidemic diseases in potential transmission areas, conducting

关键词： climate change human health impact assessment adaptation strategy

Trade-offs and synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic review

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第2期2卷 130-143页

作者： Devinia Princess Akinyi Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’ Evan Hartunian Girvetz Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management Egerton UniversityNjoro536-20107Kenya International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Kampala6247Uganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Nairobi823-00621Kenya

Climate change adaptation strategies provide a cushion for smallholder farmers,especially in subSaharan Africa against the risks posed by climate hazards such as droughts and ***,the decision-making process in climate adaptation is *** better understand the dynamics of the process,we strive to answer this question:what are the potential trade-offs and synergies related to decision-making and implementation of climate adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa region?A systematic literature review methodology was used through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)statement with the four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the literature from selected databases(Scopus and Google Scholar).The climate adaptation strategies are organized into five broad categories(crop management,risk management,soil/land management,water management,and livestock management strategies).Evidence suggests that potential trade-offs may arise concerning added costs,additional labor requirements,and competition among objectives or available *** synergies,on the other hand,arise from implementing two or more adaptation strategies concurrently in respect of increased productivity,resilience,yield stability,sustainability,and environmental ***-offs and synergies may also differ among the various adaptation strategies with minimum/zero tillage,comparatively,presenting more *** development and promotion of low-cost adaptation strategies and complementary climate adaptation options that minimize the trade-offs and maximize the synergies are *** and knowledge on proper implementation of climate change adaptation strategies are encouraged,especially at the local farm level.

关键词： Climate change adaptation strategy Trade-offs Synergies Sub-Saharan Africa

企业转型加速度基础研究—基于适应战略视角的联想集团战略危机分析与探讨

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adaptation strategies to pasture degradation： Gap between government and local nomads in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

管理科学 2017年第4期 74-86页

作者：刘辉魏玖长

响应新常态下加快经济增长方式转变的战略需求，开展企业转型加速度研究是大势所趋。作为企业转型加速度基础研究部分，将战略适应性引入研究，以联想集团危机事件作为研究素材，经过层层剖析，认清危机的性质是企业转型中遇到的管理性... 详细信息

响应新常态下加快经济增长方式转变的战略需求，开展企业转型加速度研究是大势所趋。作为企业转型加速度基础研究部分，将战略适应性引入研究，以联想集团危机事件作为研究素材，经过层层剖析，认清危机的性质是企业转型中遇到的管理性战略危机，进而发现了经济发展理论的不足，提出了新乘数论假说，将凯恩斯模型与熊彼特经济发展理论融为一整体，从理论上为中国企业转型加速提供了工具。

关键词：企业转型战略危机适应战略高科技 corporate turnaround ESC adaptation strategy high-tech

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第6期21卷 1112-1122页

作者： YAN Jianzhong WU Yingying ZHANG Yili College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

In the last decade, there has been increasing interest in climate change, pasture degradation and its driving forces, and innovations in nomadic pastoralism on the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known of indigenous strategies of adaptation to pasture degradation, which limits the effectiveness of adaptation strategies planned by local government. This paper analyzes nomads＇ strategies of adaptation to pasture degradation on the basis of a field survey of three townships of Dalag County in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers. Pastures there have evidently degraded, with pastures in Wasai mainly in a state of slight or medium degradation and those in Manzhang and Jianshe in a state of medium or severe degradation. With the degradation of pasture, the grazing time is reduced, which af- fects the livelihoods of nomads. Although the Four-Package Project has commenced in this region, there is still severe fodder shortage in winter and spring. The traditional hay storage strategy does not work because of pasture degradation, and few nomads establish fenced and artificial pastures. Therefore, nomads have employed other strategies, such as renting pasture, providing supplementary feed, and diversifying their livelihoods. Local strategies taken by nomads can provide valuable insights into ecological restoration and livelihood improvement in the region and suggest changes to means promoted by local government. It is necessary to seek new means that combine the best aspects of nomadic pastoralism with modern stockbreeding technologies to help nomads adapt to pasture degeneration and improve their livelihoods.

关键词： pasture degradation adaptation strategy nomadic pastoralism Tibetan Plateau

Modelling the Current and Future Spatial Distribution Area of Shea Tree (<i>Vittelaria paradoxa</i>C. F. Gaertn) in the Context of Climate Change in Benin

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第3期10卷 263-281页

作者： Yasminath Judith Follone Avaligbé Faki Oyédékpo Chabi Césaire Paul Gnanglè Orou Daouda Bello Ibouraïma Yabi Léonard Ahoton Aliou Saïdou Integrated Soil and Crop Management Research Unit Laboratory of Soil Sciences Crop Sciences School Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Agricultural Research Centre (CRA) of Agonkanmey National Agricultural Research Institute of Benin (INRAB) Cotonou Benin Laboratory Pierre PAGNEY “Climate Water Ecosystem and Development (LACEEDE)” Department of Geography and Land Management (DAGT) Faculty of Human and Social Sciences (FASHS) University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

In Benin, Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is one of the agroforestry species of great socio-economic importance for local populations. Given the actual variation in the climate parameters, it is necessary to anticipate the future spatial distribution of Shea trees as an adaptation strategy and for designing relevant conservation strategies. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the influence of climate change on the distribution areas of Shea trees in Benin. Occurrence data consisting of geographic coordinates of Shea trees in Benin as well as bioclimatic variables were recorded. Furthemore, additional presence points were collected from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database website. Current and future environmental data for the study area were obtained from the Africlim website. Bioclimatic variables (moisture and temperature), monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and annual rainfall were collected from Worldclim synoptic stations website for the period 1970-2000. The aridity index was created from the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and annual rainfall, using spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS. The impact of current and future environmental conditions on favourable Shea trees’ growing area was assessed following the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach under two climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Under the current climate conditions, 80% of Benin territory and 79% of the protected areas were highly favourable for Shea trees growing and conservation. However, all climate scenarios projected the significant decrease of 14% to 19% of the distribution of favourable for Shea tree growing area and 26% to 30% of the protected areas by 2055 in favour of non-favourable for the trees’ distribution. The protection of habitats favourable for the species development, coupled with a quick restoration of the species through the use of appropriate vegetative propagation techniques are required to sustain the species’ conservation in Benin and mai

关键词： Bioclimatic Variables Agroforestry Scenario Analysis adaptation strategy Conservation