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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 70-77页

作者： Haowen Cui Yan-Xia Chen Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina

Despite substantial efforts in developing high-performance catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),the persistent challenge lies in the high onset overpotential of the ORR,and the effect of the elec-trolyte solution cannot be ***,we have systematically investigated the impact of adsorbate species and concentration,as well as solution pH,on the ORR activity on Pt(111)and Pt(poly)*** results all tend to establish a linear quantitative relationship between the onset potential for ORR and the adsorption equilibrium potential of the *** finding indicates the decisive role of adsorbates in the onset potential for ORR,suggesting that the adsorption potential of adsorbates can serve as an intuitive criterion for ORR *** support for this conclusion is derived from experimental results obtained from the oxygen evolution reaction on Pt(poly)with different adsorbate species and from the hydrogen evolution reaction on Pt(111)with iodine *** further propose both an empirical equation for the onset potential for ORR and the concept of a potential-regulated adsor-bate shielding effect to elucidate the influence of adsorbates on ORR *** study provides new insights into the high onset overpotential of the ORR and offers potential strategies for predicting and enhancingORRactivity inthefuture.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction activity Adsorbate Equilibrium potential Pt(111)

Superoxide-like Cu/GO single-atom catalysts nanozyme with high specificity and activity for removing superoxide free radicals

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Nano Research 2022年第10期15卷 8804-8809页

作者： Mingju Lu Jialu Wang Guoyuan Ren Fengjuan Qin Zhiqiang Zhao Kai Li Wenxing Chen Yuqing Lin Department of Chemistry Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Energy&Catalysis Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Although nanozyme has become an emerging area of research attracting extensive attention recently,the activity and specificity of currently reported nanozymes are generally lower than those of natural *** highly active and specific nanozymes is therefore extremely necessary and also remains a great *** dismutase(SOD)catalyzes the disproportionation of cytotoxic O_(2)·^(−)into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen,and plays an important role in reducing human oxidative *** this work,we prepare Cu single-atom catalysts(Cu/GO SACs,GO=graphene oxide)through a simple and low-cost strategy at room temperature using Cu foam and graphene ***/GO SACs can maintain excellent catalytic activity under harsh *** with the natural enzyme,SOD-like Cu/GO SAC nanozyme has higher catalytic activity and meanwhile,it does not possess the common properties of other mimic enzymes often existing in *** on the excellent SOD-like enzyme activity of Cu/GO SACs,it successfully eliminates the active oxygen in cigarette *** work not only provides a new idea for the design and synthesis of nanozymes with excellent SOD mimetic properties,but also is promising in the treatment of lung injury and inflammatory diseases related to free radical production.

关键词： Cu/graphene oxide(GO)single-atom catalysts(SACs) superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity activity specificity superoxide free radicals

Rational Design of Atomic Site Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction:One Step Closer to Optimum activity and Selectivity

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2022年第3期5卷 105-136页

作者： Yiran Ying Ke Fan Jinli Qiao Haitao Huang Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Environmental Science and EngineeringDonghua University2999 Renmin North RoadShanghai 201620China

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)has been one of the most intriguing catalytic reactions in recent years,providing an energy-saving and environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional Haber–Bosch process for ammonia ***,the activity and selectivity issues originating from the activation barrier of the NRR intermediates and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction result in the unsatisfactory NH_(3) yield rate and Faradaic efficiency of current NRR *** site catalysts(ASCs),an emerging group of heterogeneous catalysts with a high atomic utilization rate,selectivity,and stability,may provide a *** article undertakes an exploration and systematic review of a highly significant research area:the principles of designing ASCs for the *** the theoretical and experimental progress and state-of-the-art techniques in the rational design of ASCs for the NRR are summarized,and the topic is extended to double-atom catalysts and boron-based metal-free *** review provides guidelines for the rational design of ASCs for the optimum activity and selectivity for the electrocatalytic NRR.

关键词： Nitrogen reduction reaction Atomic site catalysts Design principles activity Selectivity

Effects of constant light and dark conditions on the locomotor activity,body mass,and body temperature rhythms of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 435-442页

作者： Lirong Zuo Ibrahim MAhmad Yuanyuan Liu Limin Wang Shu Fang Dongming Li Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024Hebei ProvinceChina Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China

Light is an essential environmental cue influencing the endogenous circadian clocks that regulate behavioral and physiological processes in *** extensive research on the circadian rhythms of avian behavior and physiology,the mechanisms by which they adapt and adjust to abnormal photoperiod conditions,such as artificial light,have yet to be fully ***,the circadian rhythms of the body mass,activity,and core and peripheral body temperatures of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus,ETS)-a diurnal passerine-were examined under three different lighting conditions:constant light(LL),constant darkness(DD),and normal light-dark cycles(LD).Our results showed that the activity,body mass,core,tarsometatarsus,and eye temperatures of the ETSs varied significantly with treatment,time,and the interaction between treatment and time;however,there was no significant change in body mass in response to the interaction between time and *** LD conditions,the ETSs exhibited significant circadian rhythms in activity and core,tarsometatarsus,and eye *** LL conditions,only the core temperature exhibited significant *** DD conditions,there were no significant circadian rhythms in activity,body mass,and eye temperature;however,the core and tarsometatarsus temperatures remained *** results indicate that the core body temperature rhythm of ETS is endogenous and can be maintained under abnormal *** contrast,the activity and body surface temperature,uncoupled from the core body temperature under abnormal photoperiod conditions,strongly depend on *** results differ from those of other diurnal avian species,suggesting a unique coping mechanism of ETS in response to an abnormal photoperiod.

关键词： Eurasian Tree Sparrow activity Body mass Body temperature Circadian rhythm

Herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical drupacine against Amaranthus retroflexus L.

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1434-1444页

作者： YU Hua-long TIAN Ci SHEN Rong-yan Zhao Han YANG Juan DONG Jin-gao ZHANG Li-hui MA Shu-jie College of Plant Protection Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Baoding 071001P.R.China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Hebei Normal University of Science&TechnologyQinhuangdao 066004P.R.China

Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its effects on seed germination, seedling growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of Amaranthus retroflexus. Drupacine inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, and had a median inhibition concentration(IC50) value of 38.99 mg L-1against A. retroflexus root. The α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in treated plants were significantly lower than that of the control. The expression of α-amylase gene was dosage-dependently inhibited compared to the untreated control. This suggested that inhibition of α-amylase activity was a mode of action on seed germination. The root hairs were significantly decreased and part of the root cap fell off after treatment with drupacine. The ultrastructure observation showed that cell damage of root tips increased with the treatment time. Drupacine also increased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly enhanced in the treatment compared to the control. These findings indicated that the physiological and biochemical reaction changes leading to morphological and membrane injuries were the main effects of drupacine on the inhibition of seedling growth. Drupacine can be developed as a botanical herbicide.

关键词： drupacine herbicidal activity physiological characteristic defense capacity Amaranthus retroflexus

A comprehensive review of natural products with anti-hypoxic activity

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2023年第7期21卷 499-515页

作者： LIU Juncai GE Zhen JIANG Xiao ZHANG Jingjing SUN Jianan MAO Xiangzhao College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Medical College Qingdao Binhai UniversityQingdao 266555China Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Natural products exhibit substantial impacts in the field of anti-hypoxic *** can cause altitude sickness and other negative effect on the ***,coma,exhaustion,vomiting and,in severe cases,death are some of the clinical ***,hypoxia is no longer just a concern in plateau regions;it is also one of the issues that can not be ignored by urban *** review covered polysaccharides,alkaloids,saponins,flavonoids,peptides and traditional Chinese compound prescriptions as natural products to protect against *** active ingredients,effectiveness and mechanisms were *** related anti-hypoxic mechanisms involve increasing the hemoglobin(HB)content,glycogen content and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content,removing excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),reducing lipid peroxidation,regulating the levels of related enzymes in cells,protecting the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondria and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related *** comprehensive summaries are beneficial to anti-hypoxic research and provide useful information for the development of anti-hypoxic products.

关键词： Natural products Anti-hypoxia Mechanism activity

activity maintenance of the excised branches and a case study of NO_2 exchange between the atmosphere and *** branches

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 316-326页

作者： Chun Chen Yuzheng Wang Yuanyuan Zhang Xiaoxiu Lun Chengtang Liu Yujing Mu Chenglong Zhang Pengfei Liu Chaoyang Xue Min Song Can Ye Junfeng Liu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Environmental Science & Engineering Beijing Forest University

The efficient maintenance of the activity of excised branches is the powerful guarantee to accurately determine gas exchange flux between the detached branches of tall trees and the atmosphere. In this study, the net photosynthetic rate(NPR) of the excised branches and branches in situ were measured simultaneously by using two photosynthetic instruments to characterize the activity of the excised branches of Phyllostachys nigra. The ratio of normalized NPR of excised branches to NPR in situ was used to assess the photosynthetic activity of detached branches. Based on photosynthetic activity, an optimal hydroponics protocol for maintaining activity of excised P. nigra branches was presented:1/8 times the concentration of Gamborg B5 vitamin mixture with p H = 6. Under the best cultivation protocol, photosynthetic activity of excised P. nigra branches could be maintained more than 90% within 6 hr in the light intensity range of 200–2000 μmol/(m2·sec) and temperature range of 13.4–28.7°C. The nitrogen dioxide(NO2) flux differences between in situ and in vitro branches and the atmosphere were compared using double dynamic *** on the maintenance method of excised branches, the NO2 exchange flux between the excised P. nigra branches and the atmosphere(from-1.01 to-2.72 nmol/(m2·sec) was basically consistent with between the branches in situ and the atmosphere(from-1.12 to-3.16 nmol/(m2 sec)) within 6 hr. Therefore, this study provided a feasible protocol for in vitro measurement of gas exchange between tall trees and the atmosphere for a period of time.

关键词： Excised branches activity maintenance NO2 exchange flux Hydroponics Dynamic chamber

activity and Formation of Sand Waves on Northern South China Sea Shelf

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第1期21卷 55-70页

作者：栾锡武彭学超王英民邱燕 Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Ministry of Land and Resources Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum(Beijing)

Sand waves on the northern South China Sea shelf had been considered as stable relict bed form. For the industry use of sea bed between stations LF13-2 and LF13-1, a new round of explorations were conducted. The newly obtained data show that both spacings and amplitudes of sand waves are all systematically changing with water depth. Repeated observations since 2003 to 2004 showed that the sea bed is currently active. Due to strong erosion of surface sediment since Dongsha （东沙） uplifting, there are almost no modern sediments on the shelf of Dongsha area. Sand materials in the study area mainly originate from the erosion of the bed sediment formation. The water depth increment revealed by repeated echo sounder data is mainly due to erosion. Bottom currents are quite complex in the area of Dongsha underwater plateaus. At site 9MKH, the southward ebb current is stronger than the north- ward flood current, while at site AEM-HR, the WNW-ward flood current is slightly stronger than the ESE-ward ebb current. At site 9MKII, the maximum bottom current speed is 48 cm/s, and 22% of the observed bottom current speeds are larger than 20 cm/s, which meet the minimum bottom current speed required for the creation of sand wave. This article points out that present-day oceanographic condition couples well with the sand-wave morphologies, and that the sand waves are to a great extent in equilibrium with the ongoing present-day oceanographic bottom current condition and active.

关键词： sand wave northern South China Sea shelf activity formation.

activity of the Fungicide JS399-19 Against Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and the Risk of Resistance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第12期10卷 1906-1913页

作者： CHEN Yu WANG Wen-xiang ZHANG Ai-fang GU Chun-yan ZHOU Ming-guo GAO Tong-chun Institute of Plant Protection Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hefei 230031 P.R.China College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

This report reviews the characteristics of JS399-19, a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide. JS399-19 strongly inhibits the mycelial growth of the fungal plant pathogens of the genus Fusarium and exhibits great potential in controlling Fusarium head blight （FHB） on wheat and other cereals. The mode of action of JS399-19 is evidently different from that of benzimidazole （for example, carbendazim） and other sort of fungicides, making it a possible replacement for carbendazim in China to manage carbendazim-resistant subpopulations of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum. JS399-t9 has excellent protective and curative activity against these pathogens. Incorrect use of this fungicide, however, is likely to select for resistance. Among JS399-19-resistant mutants of F. asiaticum induced in the laboratory, the resistant level of mutants was high and the phenotype of resistance against JS399-19 was conferred by a major gene by genetic analysis. The fitness of laboratory-induced JS399-19-resistant mutants of F. asiaticum was nearly equal to that of their parents. JS399-19 lacks cross resistance with other sort fungicides. To control FHB with JS399-19 and to delay the development of the fungicide-resistance, farmers should use tank mixtures containing JS399-19 and carbendazim, metconazole, tebuconazole, or prothioconazole.

关键词： fungicide JS399-19 cyanoacrylate fungicide Fusarium head blight activity resistance risk

activity Model of Fe-Si-B Ternary Metallic Melts

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2011年第6期18卷 16-21页

作者： ZHAO Ding-guo GUO Pei-min ZHAO Pei State Key Laboratory for Advanced Iron and Steel Processes and Materials Central Iron andSteel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China

According to the ion and molecule coexistence theory, the activity model of Fe-Si-B ternary system was es- tablished, and the influence of ratio ：Csi/XZe, boron content and temperature, etc. on the activity of the melt com- pound was investigated. The results show that the FeB activity is high in the liquid iron, when Xsl/XFo is 0. 5 ; the ac- tivity of boron increases with increasing the boron content for different contents of xe and xs, and the activity of boron at the ratio xFo = 0.4 is about one order of magnitude higher than that for the XFo = 0. 8; The activities of the melt compound were also affected by temperature, but the influencing extent was little. The equal activity diagrams of silicon and boron were drawn for the first time according to the model results.

关键词： activity metallic melt ion and molecule coexistence model equal activity diagram