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Potential of an activity index combining acceleration and location for automated estrus detection in dairy cows

Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 288-299页

作者： Jun Wang Yadan Zhang Matt Bell Gang Liu School of Electrical Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000PR China School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003PR China School of Biosciences The University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughborough LE125RDUK Key Laboratory for Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research Ministry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083PR China

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and practicability of an activityindex combining acceleration and location data for automated estrus detection in dairycows. By using a wearable neck tag, measurements of acceleration and location were gathered from 22 multiparous cows monitored incessantly for 6 days to derive activity recordsof each cow. The maximum-minimum distance clustering (MMDC) method was used todivide hourly activity data into low, medium, high, and intensity level groups. The weightedsum of the proportions of the low, medium, high, and intensity activities in an hour constituted the activity level. The activity index was defined as the ratio of the variation inhourly activity level compared to the same time period during the previous three days. Furthermore, whether the cow was in estrus was judged above a set threshold. The studyshowed that the power consumption and communication effects of the neck tags wereacceptable for indoor-housing conditions. For the two consecutive time periods, theactivity-index-based detection algorithm achieved 90.91% for accuracy, 100% for precision,100% for specificity, 83.33% for recall, 90.91% for F1 score, and 0.82 for Kappa coefficient. Onthe basis of these results, it can be concluded that the combination of acceleration andlocation in the activity index can promote estrus detection in dairy cows.

关键词： Dairy cow Estrus detection Data acquisition system Neck tag activity index

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Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Cement Mortar with Carbonated Recycled Powder

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第3期39卷 689-697页

作者：丁亚红张美香 YANG Xiaolin XU Ping SUN Bo GUO Shuqi Department of Civil Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454150China College of Architectural Engineering Xinyu UniversityXinyu 336500China

Carbonated recycled powder as cementitious auxiliary material can reduce carbon emissions and realize high-quality recycling of recycled *** this paper,microscopic property of recycled powder with three carbonation methods was tested through XRD and SEM,the mechanical property and microstructure of recycled powder mortar with three replacement rates were studied by ISO method and SEM,and the strengthening mechanism was *** results showed that the mechanical property of recycled powder mortar decreased with the increasing of replacement *** is suggested that the replacement rate of recycled powder should not exceed 20%.The strength index and activity index of carbonated recycled powder mortar were improved,in which the flexural strength was increased by 27.85%and compressive strength was increased by 20%at the *** powder can be quickly and completely carbonated,and the improvement effect of CH pre-soaking carbonation was the *** activity index of carbonated recycled powder can meet the requirements of Grade II technical standard for recycled *** results revealed the activation mechanism of carbonated recycled powder such as surplus calcium source effect,alkaline polycondensation effect and carbonation enhancement effect.

关键词： recycled powder carbonation activation compound carbonation activity index mechanical property microstructure

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Influence of Polyaluminum Chloride Residue on the Strength andMicrostructure of Cement-Based Materials

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第6期20卷 1299-1312页

作者： Ping Xu Zhiwei Zhang Zhenguo Hou Mankui Zheng Jin Tong School of Civil Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityInternational Joint Research Laboratory of Henan Province for Underground Space Development and Disaster PreventionJiaozuo454003China China Construction Seventh Engineering Division Co. Ltd.Zhengzhou450004China China Construction Seventh Engineering Division Co. Ltd.General Contracting CompanyZhengzhou450004China

In this paper,cement and dechlorinated Polyaluminum Chloride Residue(PACR)have been used to prepare a net slurry and mortar *** hydration activity indicators have been used to quantitatively analyze the dechlorinated PACR hydration *** particular,the effect of dechlorinated PACR content on the compressive strength of mortar has been assessed by means of compressive strength ***,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)have been employed to observe the microstructure of the considered hydration *** following results have been *** 28th day activity index of the dechlorinated PACR is 75%,and therefore it meets the criterion for the use of active *** increase in the content of the dechlorinated PACR tends to reduce the compressive strength of mortar specimens,however,it is beneficial to its later strength *** the content is not greater than 10%,the strength remains unchanged,otherwise,it *** PACR does not form a new crystalline phase in the cement slurry,and the dechlorinated PACR remains active until the age of the 28th *** inclusion of the PACR mainly deteriorates the early strength of the cement slurry,but it promotes the production of hydration products in the cement slurry after the 7th day.

关键词： Dechlorinated polyaluminum chloride residue activity index strength microstructure hydration product

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Wild dogma： An examination of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regulation of invasive mesopredator release in Australia

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： Benjamin L. ALLEN Richard M. ENGEMAN Lee R. ALLEN The University of Queensland School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National Wildlife Research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensland Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the role that apex predators play in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In line with the mesopredator release hypothesis, Australian dingoes （Canis lupus dingo and hybrids） are assumed by many to regulate the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxes Vulpes vulpes and feral cats Fells catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several recent papers have claimed to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Nevertheless, in this paper we highlight several critical weaknesses in the methodologi- cal approaches used in many of these reports, including lack of consideration for seasonal and habitat differences in activity, the complication of simple track-based indices by incorporating difficult-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing populations by using binary measures rather than potentially continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them （75%） contained serious methodological flaws, which may partly explain the inconclusive nature of the literature investigating interactions between invasive Australian predators. We therefore assert that most of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for meso- predator release is merely an inconclusive growing body of literature only. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- logical roles of dingoes relative to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the value of studies that have not done so [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].

关键词： activity index Apex predator Canis lupus dingo Experimental design Mesopredator release Sampling

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Rectal administration of d-alpha tocopherol for active ulcerative colitis:A preliminary report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第39期14卷 5990-5995页

作者： Seyed Amir Mirbagheri Behtash Ghazi Nezami Solmaz Assa Mannan Hajimahmoodi Amir-Alam hospital Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran 13145-784Iran Department of Drug and Food Control Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran 13145-784Iran

AIM: To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-neutrophil recruitment effects of rectal d-alpha (d-α) tocopherol administration on mild and moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Fifteen patients with mild and moderately active ulcerative colitis were enrolled in an open-label study of d-α tocopherol enema (8000 U/d) for 12 wk. All patients were receiving concomitant therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives (5-ASA) and/or immunomodulator medications. Endoscopic evaluation was performed at baseline and after 4th and 12th weeks. Disease activity was measured with the Mayo disease activity index (DAI) and remission was defined as DAI of ≤ 2 with no blood in stool. Clinical response was defined as a DAI reduction of ≥ 2. RESULTS: At the end of 12th week,the average DAI score significantly decreased compared to the beginning of the study (2.3 ± 0.37 vs 8 ± 0.48,P activity. CONCLUSION: This preliminary report suggests that rectal d-α tocopherol may represent a novel therapy for mild and moderately active UC. The observed results might be due to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of vitamin E.

关键词： Vitamin E Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Enema activity index

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Properties of Steel Slag and Stainless Steel Slag as Cement Replacement Materials:A Comparative Study

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2018年第6期33卷 1444-1451页

作者： SALY Fathy GUO Liping MA Rui GU Chunping SUN Wei School of Material Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Collaborative Innovation Center for Ad-vanced Civil Engineering Materials Nanjing 211189China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials Nanjing 211189China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

To enhance the understanding about the utilization of steel slags as a cementitious material, we comparatively studied the chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of two types of steel slag; basicoxygen-furnace carbon slag(BOF C) and electric-arc-furnace stainless steel slag(EAF S). Moreover, we studied the standard consistency, setting time and the effect of the slag replacement ratios on the fluidity and compressive strength of blended cement mortar. The experimental results showed that BOF C had higher alkalinity, higher pH value and more hydraulic phases than EAF S. Both types of slag showed water reduction effect due to its high fineness. Neat BOF C paste showed flash set and acceleration in the initial setting time of blended cement especially at high slag proportions. However, EAF S prolonged the setting time of blended cement even at low slag proportions. The pH values for blended cement contained 50% BOF C or EAF S were lower than those of pure cement paste. Despite of slag type, compressive strength gradually decreased with increasing slags content. The strength of BOF C mortar was higher than that of EAF S mortar with the same replacement ratio for the same age. Slag activity index demonstrated that BOF C and EAF S conformed to the Chinese National Standard(GB/T 20491-2006) requirements for steel slag as grade one and grade two, respectively.

关键词： steel slag stainless steel slag fluidity setting time compressive strength activity index

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Detection of flock movement and behaviour of broiler chickens at different feeders using image analysis

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2015年第3期2卷 177-182页

作者： Diego Pereira Neves Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh Matthew Tscharke Irenilza de Alencar Nääs Thomas Michael Banhazi Structure&Motion Laboratory Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Mechanics of Biosystems Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Rural DevelopmentRamin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of KhuzestanMollasaniAhvazKhuzestanIran NCEA University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba CampusQLDAustralia Agricultural Engineering College State University of CampinasCampinasSPBrazil NCEA and Faculty of Health Engineering and ScienceUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoomba CampusQLDAustralia

The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’feeding *** main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its *** analysed feeders were:tube-type with partition grid(F1);tube-type without partition grid(F2);and automatic type with partition grid(F3).The considered variables were:occupied area(OA);activity index(AI)(flock movement);total birds presented in the area(TB);and birds effectively eating(EE).OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually *** results indicated that the feeder type could have influenced the birds’behaviour regarding to OA(R2=0.56),TB(R2=0.48),and EE(R2=0.40),but AI(R2=0.01)was not found to be directly influenced by the feeder type.A higher percentage of birds effectively eating were found in F2(86.4%),which was the one with the largest free area to access the *** average number of total birds was found in F1,but with a lower percentage of individuals effectively eating(63.3%),which means that birds were nearby this feeder performing other *** the assessed feeders were in the same house under the same conditions,it can be suggested that not only the free area to access the feed but potentially the design of feeders could have influenced the birds’feeding *** real beneficial effect of the adoption of partition grid on feed trays is still uncertain,and it is also unclear whether the financial value of reduced wastage would compensate the possible reduction in feed intake.

关键词： activity index Animal behaviour Feeding Image processing Motion Occupied area

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Altered pattern of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in peripheral blood monocytes from Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9117-9126页

作者： Claudia Loganes Alessia Pin Samuele Naviglio Martina Girardelli Anna Monica Bianco Stefano Martelossi Alberto Tommasini Elisa Piscianz Department of Medicine Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste Department of Pediatrics Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"

AIM To evaluate the inflammatory state in Crohn's disease(CD) patients and correlate it with genetic background and microbial *** By means of flow cytometry, production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was measured in peripheral blood monocytes from patients suffering from CD, ulcerative colitis(UC) and in healthy subjects after stimulation of the NOD2 and TLR pathways. CD patients were genotyped for the three most common NOD2 variants(R702W, G908 R and L1007Pfs*2) and basal production of TNF-α was correlated to NOD2 genotype. Also, production of TNF-α was correlated to plasmatic levels of LPS Binding Protein(LBP), soluble(s) CD14 and to the activity state of the *** The patients with CD were characterized by a significantly higher monocyte basal expression of TNF-αcompared with healthy subjects and UC patients, and after stimulation with Pam3CSK4(ligand of TLR2/1) and MDP-L18(ligand of NOD2) this difference was maintained, while other microbial stimuli(LPS, ligand of TLR4 and Poly I:C, ligand of TLR3) induced massive activation in CD monocytes as well as in UC and in healthy control cells. There was no significant difference in the production of TNF- α between patients who carried CD-associated heterozygous or homozygous variants in NOD2 and patients with wild type NOD2 genotype. Although serum LBP levels have been shown to correlate positively with the state of activity of the disease, TNF-α production did not show a clear correlation with either LBP or s CD14 levels in plasma. Moreover, no clear correlation was seen between TNF-α production and activity indices in either CD or *** Peripheral monocytes from CD express higher basal and stimulated TNF-α than controls, regardless of NOD2 genotype and without a clear correlation with disease activity.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Tumor necrosis factor-α NOD2 variants Toll like receptors Dysbiosis activity index LPS-binding protein

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Research on the performance of steel slag and blast furnace slag composite admixture

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Baosteel Technical Research 2009年第4期3卷 23-27页

作者： GU Wenfei XU Li TANG Oujing Shanghai New Material Company Baosteel Developing Co. Ltd. Shanghai 201900 China

This study investigates the properties of Baosteel steel slag and blast furnace （BF） slag in order to develop high-performance steel slag and BF slag composite admixture by optimizing the composite mixing technique. Based on the investigation of the stability of steel slag powder and the performance of cement mortar in different mixing ratios and different adding amounts of steel slag and BF slag composite admixture, rational mixing ratios and the adding amount range of steel slag and BF slag composite admixture were determined.

关键词： steel slag BF slag composite mixture activity index

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