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action potential-simulated weak electric fields can directly initiate myelination

Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第12期3卷 1328-1331页

作者： Lei Liu Shifu Zhao Haiming Wang Department of Neurology the 324 Hospital of Chinese PLA Chongqing 400020 China Department of Neurology Xinqiao Hospital Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Chongqing 400037 China

BACKGROUND： Myelination is a process whereby glial cells identify, adhere, wrap and enclose axons to form a spiral myelin sheath. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of action potential-simulated weak electric fields on myelination in the central nervous system. DESIGN AND SETTING： This single-sample observation study was performed at the 324 Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Two 5 μm carbon fibers were provided by the Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. One Sprague Dawley rat, aged 1 day, was used. METHODS： Cerebral cortex was harvested from the rat to prepare a suspension [（1 2）× 10^5/mL] containing neurons and glial cells. To simulate the axon, carbon fibers were placed at the bottom of the neuron-glial cell coculture dish, and were electrified with a single phase square wave current, 1×10^-2, 1×10^-3, 1×10^-4, and 1×10^-5 seconds, 1 Hz, 40 mV, and 10 μA, 30 minutes each, once a day for 10 consecutive days to simulate weak negative electric fields during action potential conduction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Glial cell growth and wrapping of carbon fibers were observed by phase contrast microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： On culture day 7, cell groups were found to adhere to negative carbon fibers in the 1 × 10^-3 seconds square wave group. Cell membrane-like substances grew out of cell groups, wrapped the carbon fibers, and stretched to the ends of carbon fibers. Only some small and round cells close to negative carbon fibers were found on culture day 12. In the 1 × 10^-4 and 1 × 10^-3 seconds square wave groups, the negative carbon fibers were wrapped by oligodendrocytes or their progenitor cells. CONCLUSION： The local negative electric field which is generated by action potentials at 1×（10^-4-10^-3） seconds, 40 mV can directly initiate and participate in myelination in the central nervous system.

关键词： myelin sheath oligodendrocyte weak electric field action potential carbon fiber

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The molecular dynamics of neural metabolism during the action potential

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第5期57卷 857-863页

作者： ZHENG HongWen WANG RuBin QIAO LinKun DU Ying The Institute for Cognitive Neurodynamics East China University of Science and Technology The Institute of Biological Engineering East China University of Science and Technology

Neural information processing is tightly coupled to both energy consumption and derivation from *** this study,the energy function of the neuron during the action potential(AP)is described and *** has been observed that energy consumption during the AP does not match predictions of the conventional theory of neural energy *** short time scales,neural energy expenditure shifts between positive and negative *** the AP,the energy source switches from neuronal stores(positive expenditure or net consumption)to exploitation of external substrates,specifically the glucose and oxygen carried in cerebral blood(the negative consumption phase).Based on the idea of reductionism,this paper demonstrates how ion channels,membrane pumps and transporters,ionotropic and metabotropic receptor signaling pathways,astrocyte glycolysis and the production lactate,and the glutamate-glutamine cycle all serve to relate cerebral blood flow and neuronal metabolism to neuronal activity and so maintain neuronal energy charge during the AP.

关键词： neural energy action potential ion channels astrocytes hyperaemia

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Effects of nerve growth factor on the action potential duration and repolarizing currents in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2013年第1期10卷 39-51页

作者： Yun-Feng Lan Jian-Cheng Zhang Jin-Lao Gao Xue-Ping Wang Zhou Fang Yi-Cheng Fu Mei-Yan Chen Min Lin Qiao Xue Yang Li Institute of Geriatric Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fuxing Road 100853 Beijing China Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University Fujian 350001 China

Objectives To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the action potential and potassium currents of non-infarcted myocardium in the myocardial infarcted rabbit *** Rabbitswith occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary arterywere prepared and allowed to recover for eight weeks (healed myocardial infarction, HMI). During ligation surgery of the left coronary artery, a polyethylene tube was placed near the left stellate ganglion in the subcutis of the neck for the purpose of administering NGF 400 U/d for eight weeks (HMI + NGF group). Cardiomyocytes were isolated from regions of the non-infarcted left ventricular wall and the action potentials and ion currents in these cellswere recorded using whole-cell patch clamps. Results Comparedwith HMI and control cardiomyocytes, significant prolongation of APD50 or APD90 (action potential duration (APD) measured at 50% and 90% of repolarization) in HMI + NGF cardiomyocytes was found. The results showed that the 4-aminopyridine sensitive transient outward potassium current (Ito), the rapidly activated omponent of delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), the slowly activated component of delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs), and the L-type calcium current (ICaL) were significantly altered in NGF + HMI cardiomyocytes compared with HMI and control cells. Conclusions Our results suggest thatNGF treatment significantly prolongsAPDinHMI cardiomyocytes and that a decrease in outward potassium currents and an increase of inward Ca2+ current are likely the underlying mechanism of action.

关键词： action potential Cardiomyocytes Myocardial infarction Nervous growth factor

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Regulation of Axon Initial Segment Diameter by COUP-TFI Fine-tunes action potential Generation

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第5期38卷 505-518页

作者： Xuanyuan Wu Haixiang Li Jiechang Huang Mengqi Xu Cheng Xiao Shuijin He School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Institute of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004China

The axon initial segment(AIS)is a specialized structure that controls neuronal excitability via action potential(AP)***,AIS plasticity with regard to changes in length and location in response to neural activity has been extensively investigated,but how AIS diameter is regulated remains *** we report that COUP-TFI(chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription factor 1)is an essential regulator of AIS diameter in both developing and adult mouse *** embryonic or adult ablation of COUP-TFI results in reduced AIS diameter and impaired AP *** COUP-TFI ablations in sparse single neurons and in populations of neurons have similar impacts on AIS diameter and AP generation,they strengthen and weaken,respectively,the receiving spontaneous network in mutant *** contrast,overexpression of COUP-TFI in sparse single neurons increases the AIS diameter and facilitates AP generation,but decreases the receiving spontaneous *** findings demonstrate that COUP-TFI is indispensable for both the expansion and maintenance of AIS diameter and that AIS diameter fine-tunes action potential generation and synaptic inputs in mammalian cortical neurons.

关键词： COUP-TFI Axon initial segment action potential Diameter

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Differences in action potential propagation speed and axon initial segment plasticity between neurons from Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice

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Zoological Research 2022年第4期43卷 615-633页

作者： Zhi-Ya Chen Luxin Peng Mengdi Zhao Yu Li Mochizuki Takahiko Louis Tao Peng Zou Yan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules CenterBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Bioinformatics National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100084China Chinese Institute for Brain Research(CIBR) Beijing 102206China

action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release *** learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably ***,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage *** data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from *** with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in ***,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 *** findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.

关键词： Sprague-Dawley rats C57BL/6 mice action potential Axon initial segment Plasticity

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Spontaneous high-frequency action potential

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2011年第4期54卷 311-335页

作者： Wonchae CHOE Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical Research Center and Biomedical Science InstituteSchool of MedicineKyung Hee University

action potential,which is the foundation of physiology and electrophysiology,is most vital in physiological *** work starts by detecting cardiac electrophysiology(tachyarrhythmias),combined with all spontaneous discharge phenomena in vivo such as wound currents and spontaneous neuropathic pain,elaborates from generation,induction,initiation,to all of the features of spontaneous high-frequency action potential--SSL action potential mechanism,i.e.,connecting-end hyperpolarization initiates spontaneous depolarization and action potential in somatic *** work resolves the conundrums of in vivo spontaneous discharge in tachyarrhythmias,wounds,denervation supersensitivity,neurogenic pain(hyperalgesia and allodynia),epileptic discharge and diabetic pain in pathophysiological and clinical researches that have puzzled people for a hundred years.

关键词： action potential spontaneous high-frequency action potential tachyarrhythmias atrial fibrillation wound denervation supersensitivity neurogenic pain hyperalgesia and allodynia epileptic discharge diabetic pain regeneration and development

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Effects of imidapril on heterogeneity of action potential and calcium current of ventriclar myocytes in infarcted rabbits

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第11期 74-79页

作者： Yang LI, Qiao XUE, Jie MA, Cun-tai ZHANG, Ping QIU, Lin WANG Wei GAO ,Rei CHENG,Zai-ying LU, Shi-wen WANGInstitute of Geriatric Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100085, China Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

AIM: To investigate the effects of chronic treatment with imidapril on the electrophysiologic heterogeneous change of the noninfarcted myocardium of rabbits after myocardial infarction and the mechanism of its antiarrhythmic efficacy. METHODS: Rabbits with left coronary artery ligation were prepared and allowed to recover for 8 weeks. Myocytes were isolated from subendocardial, midmyocardial, and subepicardial regions of the noninfarcted left ventricular wall. action potentials and calcium current were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS: The action potential duration of repolarization 90% （APD90） was more prolonged in midmyocardium rather than in subepicardium and subendocardium with healed myocardial infarction. The transmural dispersion of repolarization （TDR） was increased in the three ventricular regions. The amplitude of ICaLwas enhanced but its density was decreased in noninfarcted ventricular myocytes due to increased cell membrane capacitance. The increased differences of

关键词： imidapril myocardial infarction heterogeneity action potential calcium channels

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Proper Understanding of the Nerve Impulses and the action potential

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第3期13卷 103-117页

作者： Salama Abdelhady Professor of Energy Systems Faculty of Energy Engineering Aswan University Egypt

Neurologists define the transmission of nerve impulses across the membranes of the neural cells as a result of difference in the concentration of ions while they measured an electric potential, called as an action potential, which allows the propagation of such nerve impulses as electrical signals. Such measurements should guide them to a logical explanation of the nerve impulses as electric charges driven by the measured action potential. However, such logical conclusion, or explanation, is ignored due to a wrong definition of the flow of electric charges as a flow of electrons that cannot pass through neural networks. According to recent studies, electric charges are properly defined as electromagnetic (EM) waves whose energy is expressed as the product of its propagating electric potential times their entropy flow which is adhered to the flow of such energy. Such definition matches the logical conclusion of the nerve impulses as electric charges, as previously explained, and defines the entropy of the neural network, measured by Ammeters, in Watt or Joule/Volt. The measured entropy represents a neurodiagnostic property of the neural networks that measures its capacity to allow the flow of energy per unit action potential. Theoretical verification of the innovative definition of nerve impulses is presented by following an advanced entropy approach. A proper review of the machine records of the stimulating electric charges, used in the diagnosis of the neural networks, and the stimulated nerve impulses or stimulated responses, represents practical verifications of the innovative definitions of the electric charges and the nerve impulses. Comparing the functioning of the thermoelectric generators and the brain neurons, such neurons are defined as thermoelectric generators of the electric nerve impulses and their propagating, or action, potential.

关键词： Nerve Impulses action potential Electric Charges Entropy Electromagnetic Waves Thermoelectric Generators

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Serotoninergic modulation and contribution of sodium channel subtypes in action potential initiation and backpropagation

Serotoninergic modulation and contribution of sodium channel...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Wen-Qin HU,Cui-Ping TIAN,Tun LI,Ming-Po YANG,Han HOU,You-Sheng SHU~* Institute of Neuroscience,State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,200031,China

It has been long believed that the high Na channel density at the distal axon initial segment(AIS) determines the lowest threshold for action potential ***,it has been unclear why action potentials are not initiated at the proximal AIS,which has a similarly high Na channel *** immunostaining results indicated that low-threshold Nav1.6 and high-threshold Nav1.2 channels preferentially accumulated at the distal and proximal AIS,*** recording from the axon cut end of pyramidal neurons in the rat prefrontal cortex revealed a high density of Na current and a progressive reduction(hyperpolarization) in the half-activation voltage(up to 14 mV) with increasing distance from the soma at the *** modeling studies and simultaneous somatic and axonal recordings showed that distal Nav1.6 promotes action potential initiation,whereas proximal Nav1.2 promotes its backpropagation to the soma. Interestingly,our immunostaining experiments also showed a co-localization of serotonin(5-HT) 1A receptor and Nav 1.2 at the proximal region of the AIS in pyramidal *** of 5-HT 1A receptor significantly suppressed the AIS Na current and reduced the probability of action potential propagation to the ***,these results showed that (1) Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 had distinct function in action potential initiation and backpropagation;(2) modulation of AIS Na channels by 5-HT1A receptor may gate the action potential propagation to the soma.

关键词： pyramidal neuron axon initial segment action potential Nav 1.2 Nav 1.6,5-HT 1A receptor

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Modulation of dopamine release by action potential pattern in striatum in vivo

Modulation of dopamine release by action potential pattern i...

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中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者： Wang Shi-rong, Yao Wei, Huang Hong-ping, Li Bao-ming, Zhou Zhuan Institute of Neuroscience, SIBS,, CAS, Shanghai 200031 Institute of Neural Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871

＜正＞Neurotransmitter release is regulated by action potentials （APs）. AP pattern is defined by a "code function", F（n, m, f, d）. "n"= number of APs in a burst, "m" = number of bursts, "f"=AP frequency in a burst, "d"=interval time between bursts. In a previous study, we showed that, in addition to "f’, "m" can modulate secretion in isolated adrenal chromaffin cells （Duan et al, JNS, 2003） as well.

关键词： striatum in vivo dopamine amperometry action potential

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