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Mineral analysis of sandstone formation using chelating agents during sandstone matrix acidizing

Petroleum Research 2023年第3期8卷 404-412页

作者： Mian Umer Shafiq Hisham Ben Mahmud Lei Wang Momna Khan Ning Qi Khizar Abid Sophia Nawaz Gishkori Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering UCSI UniversityMalaysia Chemical and Energy Engineering Department Curtin University MalaysiaCDT 250Miri98009Malaysia Energy and Environmental Research Cluster Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University MalaysiaCDT 250Sarawak98009Malaysia Petroleum Engineering Deprtment College of EnergyChengdu University of TechnologyChina NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology MultanPakistan School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580PR China Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering University of OklahomaUSA Chemical Engineering Department University of GujratPakistan

For many years,the most common acid practice for sandstone acidizing is based on mud acid and dolomite formations using hydrochloric acid.During various stages of sandstone acidizing,different acids react with different minerals,and interactions of minerals with acids are an origin for precipitation reactions,which can be possibly deleterious as they may reduce reservoir permeability.During this research,the effects of chelates on pore size distribution,mineralogy,and grain size distribution have been investigated.Various chelates(GLDA,HEDTA,EDTA)were examined to react with different Berea Sandstone samples at a temperature of 180F and under 1000 psi confining pressure.Experimental techniques and analysis like Tescan Integrated Mineral Analysis(TIMA),were implemented in this research to understand the effect of chelates on Berea Sandstone.These results are related to elemental mass,element deportment,mineral mass,mineral locking,grain size distribution,and particle size distribution of the core samples reacted with different chelating agents.It has been found that all the chelating agents are effective in increasing the porosity and dissolving the cations from the Berea sandstone core sample.HEDTA proved to be more effective in dissolving quartz as compared to other chelates.GLDA proved to be more effective in the dissolution of rutile and zircon minerals.The significance of this research is the application of environment-friendly chelating agents to sandstone formation.Moreover,the detailed mineral analysis revealed that the most number of particles were dissolved by HEDTA.

关键词： Sandstone acidizing Berea TIMA Chelates

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Conventional diverting techniques and novel fibr-assisted selfdiverting system in carbonate reservoir acidizing with successful case studies

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Petroleum Research 2021年第3期6卷 247-256页

作者： Reza Abdollahi Hamid Esfandyari Mahdi Nadri Pari Afshin Davarpanah EOR Research Department Research Institute of Petroleum IndustryTehranIran Department of Petroleum Engineering Abadan Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringPetroleum University of Technology(PUT)AbadanIran Department of Mathematics Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth SY233BZUnited Kingdom

Conventional diverting techniques may not be useful,and the use of the advanced and well-documented diverting technique is needed to overcome the complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs.Nowadays,there have been a lot of materials and techniques utilized for acid diversion.This paper aimed to consider various utilization of fiber-assisted self as the diverting system in acidifying carbonate reservoirs.One of the main reasons for its ability to overcome uncertainty is that the fiber itself is an inherent property,allowing for an automatic diversion adjustment downhole.When a media with infinite permeability,such as a perforation tunnel or natural fracture,is filled and bridged with a material of finite permeability such as degradable fiber,this creates a temporary skin to injectivity in that zone.This is a powerful concept,as it is a way,despite uncertainty from a lack of logging data or uncertainty in the data itself,of dampening the reservoir’s natural permeability contrast.It does not rely on petrophysical certainty to design a successful treatment.

关键词： acidizing Carbonate reservoirs Diversion techniques Fiber-assisted self-diverting system Fracture Wormhole

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Mathematical models for foam-diverted acidizing and their applications

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Petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 145-152页

作者： Li Songyan Li Zhaomin Lin Riyi School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong 257061 China School of Transport ＆ Storage and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong 257061 China

Foam diversion can effectively solve the problem of uneven distribution of acid in layers of different permeabilities during matrix acidizing. Based on gas trapping theory and the mass conservation equation, mathematical models were developed for foam-diverted acidizing, which can be achieved by a foam slug followed by acid injection or by continuous injection of foamed acid. The design method for foam-diverted acidizing was also given. The mathematical models were solved by a computer program. Computed results show that the total formation skin factor, wellhead pressure and bottomhole pressure increase with foam injection, but decrease with acid injection. Volume flow rate in a highpermeability layer decreases, while that in a low-permeability layer increases, thus diverting acid to the low-permeability layer from the high-permeability layer. Under the same formation conditions, for foamed acid treatment the operation was longer, and wellhead and bottomhole pressures are higher. Field application shows that foam slug can effectively block high permeability layers, and improve intake profile noticeably.

关键词： Foam slug foamed acid diversion acidizing nonhomogenous mathematical model

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acidizing & Acid-Fracturing Technology

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China Oil & Gas 1999年第4期6卷 234-236页

EATAC(Fracturing&acidizingTechniqueServiceCenter),subordinatetoChinaNatinalPetroleumCorp.(CNPC),isaspecializedresearchcenterinreservoristimulatonfnationaoilandgasfieds.FATSCismailyengagedinstudyingofappliedtechnique,a... 详细信息

关键词： CNPC Acid-Fracturing Technology acidizing

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acidizing & Acid-Fracturing Technology

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China Oil & Gas 1999年第2期6卷 110-111页

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Electrokinetics Technology to Improve acidizing of Carbonate Reservoir Rocks

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第4期4卷 1-3页

作者： Sanghee Shin George V. Chilingar Mohammed Haroun Kenneth Wittle Najmedin Meshkati Sibel Pamukcu Jaehyeung Jeoung Hobon Koo Electropetroleum Inc. Villanova USA Geotechnical Engineering Research Division Korea Institute of Construction Technology Goyang City South Korea Lehigh University Bethlehem USA Petroleum Institute Abu Dhabi UAE Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles USA

A novel technology (electrokinetics) is proposed to improve acidizing operations, i.e., increase the penetration distance. The acid dissolves the carbonates (limestones/dolomites), enlarging the pores and increasing the width of pre-existing fractures. This gives rise to an increase in permeability. The principal acid commonly used is hydrochloric (HCl), which is pumped through tubing. Aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid (usually 15%) are pumped into the carbonate formations to enlarge the pores and pre-existing fractures. Without application of D.C. current, the penetration distance is usually very short, especially in tight rocks. However, the penetration distance of acid is very short. By applying D.C. current, one can drive the acid for long distances into the formation being acidized.

关键词： acidizing Electorkinetics Carbonate Rocks Penetration Distance Stimulation

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Development　of　acidizing　Techniques　for　Low－permeability　Carbonate　Reservoirs

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China Oil & Gas 1996年第4期3卷 208-209页

作者： Liu Tongbin(Senior Engineer, Sichuan Petroleum Administration) Senior Engineer Sichuan Petroleum Administration

ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｃｉｄｉｚｉｎｇＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｆｏｒＬｏｗ－ｐｅｒｍｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙＣａｒｂｏｎａｔｅＲｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒｓＬｉｕＴｏｎｇｂｉｎ（ＳｅｎｉｏｒＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ，ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＰｅｔｒｏ... 详细信息

ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｃｉｄｉｚｉｎｇＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｆｏｒＬｏｗ－ｐｅｒｍｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙＣａｒｂｏｎａｔｅＲｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒｓＬｉｕＴｏｎｇｂｉｎ（ＳｅｎｉｏｒＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ，ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏ...

关键词： Carbonate rock Low permeability reservoir acidizing Technique Development

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Estimation of pore volumes to breakthrough number in limestone cores by derivation of an empirical model

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Petroleum Research 2021年第3期6卷 264-270页

作者： Sina Lohrasb Radzuan Junin Department of Petroleum Engineering School of Chemical and Energy EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaUTM81310Johor BahruMalaysia Institute for Oil and Gas Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310Johor BahruMalaysia

acidizing in carbonate formations is an inevitable stimulation treatment method for oil and gas wells.In the limestone,acidizing stimulation makes capillary wormholes to increase fluids flow reservoir production.The pore volume to breakthrough number is one of the main indexes for recognizing the wormhole structure.Therefore,finding the pore volume to breakthrough number is one of the main goals in the limestone acidizing.Obtaining this number is always required for experimental works,which needs time,energy and cost.The purpose of this research is to develop an empirical method to estimate an acceptable result for this number merely by implementing limestone core and acid properties without any experimental work.In order to create a wormhole,an empirical method is developed using the law of conservation of mass considering that the core of limestone as an isolated package and the overall mass is constant in this package in the acidizing period.Also,to develop the mathematical section,the Damk€ohler number is used.Since this number must be calculated experimentally,a constant number is created in the model to eliminate the Damkohler number.An average accuracy of 92.31%is obtained for the developed empirical model by comparing the results obtained from the other three experimental and numerical works.This study conclusively provides a thoroughly empirical method for estimating a high accuracy of the pore volume to breakthrough number by only using known physical properties limestone core and acid.

关键词： acidizing Pore volumes to breakthrough Limestone Wormhole Empirical model

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Static dissolution-induced 3D pore network modification and its impact on critical pore attributes of carbonate rocks

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第2期46卷 374-383页

作者： ANDRIAMIHAJA Spariharijaona PADMANABHAN Eswaran BEN-AWUAH Joel SOKKALINGAM Rajalingam Hydrocarbon Recovery and Technology Group Research and Technology PETRONAS Research Sdn.Bhd. Jalan Ayer Itam Kawasan Institusi Bangi Department of Geosciences Faculty of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Applied Geology Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

To determine the effect of dissolution on pore network development in carbonate rocks, dissolution experiments, X-Ray microtomography, and thin section analysis were conducted on argillaceous limestone and grain limestone samples at different temperatures and constant pH, HCl concentration. The relationship between Ca^(2+) concentration and time was revealed through the experiments; pore size distribution before and after dissolution indicate that there is no correlation between the temperature and pore size variation, but pore size variation in grain limestone is more significant, indicating that the variation is mainly controlled by the heterogeneity of the rock itself(initial porosity and permeability) and the abundance of unstable minerals(related to crystal shape, size and mineral type). At different temperatures, the two kinds of carbonate rocks had very small variation in pore throat radius from 0.003 mm to 0.040 mm, which is 1.3 to 3.5 times more, 1.7 on average of the original pore throat radius. Their pore throat length varied from 0.05 mm to 0.35 mm. The minor changes in the pore throat radius, length and connectivity brought big changes to permeability of up to 1 000×10^(-3) μm^2.

关键词： 3D pore networks carbonate rocks pore structure mudstone grainstone acidizing dissolution, X-Ray micro tomography

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Investigation of the degradation and stability of acrylamide-based polymers in acid solution: Functional monomer modified polyacrylamide

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Petroleum 2016年第4期2卷 399-407页

作者： Yuxin Pei Liqiang Zhao Guangyan Du Nianyin Li Kun Xu Hanjie Yang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500People's Republic of China Oil&Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500People's Republic of China Shu'nan Gas Field Petrochina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyLuzhou 646000People's Republic of China

Acrylamide copolymers are often used as acidizing diverting and thickening agents for their advantageous thickening,flocculation,adhesion and resistance reduction properties.Experimental results indicate that the acid concentration greatly affects the properties of acrylamide polymers,which varies from results reported by other researchers.Considering the theoretical and field application value of the present study,four comparable acrylamide-based polymers were synthesized,and their macro-and micro-changes as well as the related changes in viscosity and molecular weight were studied in high-concentration hydrochloric acid.A proposed mechanism of acrylamide copolymer stability and degradation is provided,and further suggestions are made for the modification of acrylamide copolymers.

关键词： Acrylamide-based polymer acidizing Degradation Stability Thickening

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