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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2009年第1期22卷 58-64页

作者： Zhiyong LIU Xiaogang LI Yingrui ZHANG Cuiwei DU Guoli ZHA Key Lab of Corrosion Erosion and Surface Technique Beijing Corrosion and Protection Center University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Mechanical Engineering Department University of Rochester NY 14627 USA

Stress corrosion cracking （SCC） of X70 pipeline steel in simulated solution of the acidic soil in Yingtan in China was investigated using slow strain rate test （SSRT）, SEM and potentiodynamic polarization technique. Experiment results indicate that X70 steel is highly susceptible to SCC as applied potential reduces, which is manifested in loss of toughness and brittle fracture. Constaat polarization current can detect the occurrence of SCC. The lower the polarization current is the sooner stress corrosion cracking occurs. The SCC mechanisms are different at varying potentials. When potential is higher than open circuit potential, anodic process controls SCC, whereas when potential is far lower than open circuit potential, cathodic process controls SCC, and between these two potential regions, a combined electrochemical process controls the SCC. Stress or strain has a synergistic effect with electrochemical reactions to accelerate the cathodic hydrogen evolution process, which makes the X70 pipeline steel to be more susceptible to SCC.

关键词： X70 steel SCC Electrochemical process acidic soil

Effects of Microbial Fertilizers in Improving acidic Tobacco-planting soil and Tobacco Leaf Quality

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2023年第2期12卷 67-72页

作者： Xia NI Shungang SHEN Xianyi ZENG Dewen LI Yeming FU Min CHEN Chaokai YU Libing QI Ying-guo RUAN Changchong ZI Haohan GONG Guangjun HU Mengsheng ZHANG Xu ZHANG Shu PENG Hongbing LI Zhaotong Company Yunnan Tobacco CompanyZhaotong 657000China Yunnan Yunye Fertilizer Co. Ltd.Kunming 650217China Zhaotong Plant Protection and Inspection Station Zhaotong 657000China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application effect.The application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.The application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.Due to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality varied.Overall,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco quality.Microbial fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.

关键词： Microbial fertilizer Flue-cured tobacco acidic soil Tobacco quality

Effects of Combined Application of Reduced Fertilizer and Biogas Manure on Summer Maize Growth and acidic soil Improvement

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2018年第3期7卷 142-145页

作者： Yao SUN Yan WANG Jie DONG Yantai Agro-tech Promotion Center Yantai 264000 China Mouping Agricultural S&T Promotion Center Yantai 264100 China

[Objectives] A field experiment was carried out with biogas manure replacing partial chemical fertilizer to discuss the effects on growth and development of summer maize and soil environment,so as to provide theoretical basis for efficient utilization and zero growth of chemical fertilizer. [Methods]The summer maize field experiment was carried out in Muping District,Yantai City,with conventional fertilization as control,and sole application of biogas manure,biogas manure ＋ 80% chemical fertilizer and biogas manure ＋ 60% chemical fertilizer as three treatments. Growth indices,yield and yield components of summer maize and soil nutrient utilization status were determined. [Results] On the basis of reduced fertilizer application,the application of biogas manure could significantly promote growth of summer maize,and its plant height,stem diameter,ear position and dry weight per plant significantly increased compared with the CK. Remarkable yield increasing effect was obtained on summer maize,and among the various treatments,treatment BM ＋ CF80 had the highest yield,which was 19. 91% higher than the CK. Furthermore,the combined application of biogas manure and chemical fertilizer not only could improve soil acidity（ soil pH was improved by 0. 12 unit）,but also could improve soil rapidly available potassium content and reduce soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content. [Conclusions]Comprehensively,combined application of biogas manure and 80% of chemical fertilizer is the best for growth and development of summer maize and improvement of soil character.

关键词： Biogas manure Summer maize Growth characteristics acidic soil

Differential aluminum tolerance and absorption characteristics in Pinus massoniana seedlings colonized with ectomycorrhizal fungi of Lactarius deliciosus and Pisolithus tinctorius

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1523-1533页

作者： Xirong Gu Hao Jia Xiaohe Wang Yanan Jiang Jie Li Xinhua He Centre of Excellence for soil Biology College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest University2 Tiansheng RoadBeibeiChongqing 400715People’s Republic of China School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA 6009Australia Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California at DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Plant tolerance to aluminum(Al)toxicity can be enhanced by an ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungus through biological filtering or physical blockage.To understand the roles of ECM colonization in Al absorption with regard to Al tolerance,Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with either Lactarius deliciosus(L.:Fr.)Gray isolate 2 or Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.)Coker et Couch isolate 715 and cultivated in an acid yellow soil with or without 1.0 mM Al^(3+)irrigation for 10 weeks.Biomass production,Al bioaccumulation and transport in seedlings colonized by the two ECM fungi were compared,and the three absorption kinetics(pseudo-first order,pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion)models used to evaluate variances in root Al^(3+)absorption capacity.Results show that both fungi increased aboveground biomass and Al tolerance of P.massoniana seedlings,but L.deliciosus 2 was more effective than P.tinctorius 715.Lower Al absorption capacity,fewer available active sites and decreased affinity and boundary layer thickness for Al^(3+),and higher Al accumulation and translocation contributed to the increased Al tolerance in the ECM-inoculated seedlings.These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms and strategies in plant Alto lerance conferred by ECM fungi and show that inoculation with L.deliciosus will better enhance Al tolerance in P.massoniana seedlings used for forest plantation and ecosystem restoration in acidic soils,particularly in Southwest China and similar soils worldwide.

关键词： acidic soil Aluminum accumulation Absorption characteristics Ectomycorrhizal fungi Pinus massoniana

Differential Expression of Iron Deficiency Responsive Rice Genes under Low Phosphorus and Iron Toxicity Conditions and Association of OsIRO3 with Yield in acidic soils

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Rice science 2023年第1期30卷 58-69页

作者： Ernieca Lyngdoh NONGBRI Sudip DAS Karma Landup BHUTIA Aleimo G.MOMIN Mayank RAI Wricha TYAGI School of Crop Improvement College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural SciencesCentral Agricultural University(Imphal)Umiam 793103India

With the hypothesis that iron(Fe) deficiency responsive genes may play a role in Fe toxicity conditions,we studied five such genes OsNAS1,OsNAS3,OsIRO2,OsIRO3 and OsYSL16 across six contrasting rice genotypes for expression under high Fe and low phosphorus(P) conditions,and sequence polymorphism.Genotypes Sahbhagi Dhan,Chakhao Poirieton and Shasharang were high yielders with no bronzing symptom visible under Fe toxic field conditions,and BAM350 and BAM811 were low yielders but did not show bronzing symptoms.Hydroponic screening revealed that the number of crown roots and root length can be traits for consideration for identifying Fe toxicity tolerance in rice genotypes.Fe contents in rice roots and shoots of a high-yielding genotype KMR3 showing leaf bronzing were significantly high.In response to 24 h high Fe stress,the expression levels of OsNAS3 were up-regulated in all genotypes except KMR3.In response to 48 h high Fe stress,the expression levels of OsNAS1 were3-fold higher in tolerant Shasharang,whereas in KMR3,it was significantly down-regulated.Even in response to 7 d excess Fe stress,the transcript abundances of OsIRO2 and OsNAS3 were contrasting in genotypes Shasharang and KMR3.This suggested that the reported Fe deficiency genes had a role in Fe toxicity and that in genotype KMR3 under excess Fe stress,there was disruption of metal homeostasis.Under the 48 h low P conditions,OsIRO2 and OsYSL16 were significantly up-regulated in Fe tolerant genotype Shasharang and in low P tolerant genotype Chakhao Poirieton,respectively.In silico sequence analysis across 3 024 rice genotypes revealed polymorphism for 4 genes.Sequencing across OsIRO3and OsNAS3 revealed nucleotide polymorphism between tolerant and susceptible genotypes for Fe toxicity.Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletions(InDels) differing in tolerant and susceptible genotypes were identified.A marker targeting 25-bp InDel in OsIRO3,when run on a diverse panel of 43 rice genotypes and a biparental population,was associated

关键词： acidic soil low phosphorus iron toxicity OsNAS1 OsIRO3 rice yield

Investigating drivers of active nitrification in organic horizons of tropical forest soils

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soil Ecology Letters 2023年第3期5卷 89-99页

作者： Shinichi Watanabe Makoto Shibata Yoshiko Kosugi Lion Marryanna Keitaro Fukushima Arief Hartono Shinya Funakawa Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyoto606-8502Japan Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyoto606-8502Japan Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 KepongSelangorMalaysia Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University509-3Hirano 2-chomeOtsu-shiShiga520-2113Japan Faculty of Agriculture Bogor Agricultural UniversityJalan MerantiKampus IPB Darmaga 16680BogorIndonesia

High nitrate leaching has been observed from the O horizons of some tropical forests;however,the drivers of high nitrate production(active nitrification)in these O horizons have not yet been identified.This study investigated the drivers of active nitrification in the O horizon of tropical forest soils by focusing on two of the most widely recognized controlling factors of nitrification,total N,and pH.We collected mineral and O horizons from eight tropical forests in Cameroon,Indonesia,and Malaysia and measured gross nitrification rates.Some O horizons showed significantly higher gross nitrification rates than mineral horizons,indicating that these O horizons have a high potential for nitrification.Gross nitrification rates in the O horizons were positively correlated with both total N and pH,and the chemical properties(e.g.,total content of N,P,and base cations)were intercorrelated.These correlations suggested that the underlying driver of nitrification in the O horizon was nutrient richness in the litter.Results also indicated a threshold of gross nitrification rates around pH values of 5.5–6.0.We elucidate that active nitrification and subsequent high nitrate leaching from the O horizon could be driven by nutrient-rich litter,possibly derived from soil fertility and tree species.

关键词： nitrogen dynamics gross nitrification rate organic horizon forest floor acidic soil leguminous trees

Short-term application of biochar increases the amount of fertilizer required to obtain potential yield and reduces marginal agronomic efficiency in high phosphorus-fixing soils

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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 503-511页

作者： Tigist Melaku Gebermedihin Ambaw Abebe Nigussie Amsalu Nebiyu Woldekirstos Eshetu Bekele Milkiyas Ahmed College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma University307 JimmaEthiopia ILRI International Livestock Research Institute—CGIAR—CCAFS East Africa5689 Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Applied Natural Sciences Adama Science and Technology UniversityPO.BOX 1888AdamaEthiopia Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation Soka University1‑236Tangi‑machiTokyoJapan

There is little understanding as to whether the addition of biochar requires less fertilizer to obtain the potential yield.Furthermore,the additional yield ascribed to the non-nutrient effects of biochar is ambiguously quantified.Therefore,this study is aimed to elucidate the influence of biochar application rate and production temperature on(i)marginal agronomic efficiency(AELN),(ii)potential yield(Yopt),(iii)the amount of mineral fertilizer required to obtain the potential yield(Fopt);and(iv)nutrient use efficiency.AELN,Yopt and Fopt were calculated after fitting the yield response at different levels of mineral fertilizer with a second-degree polynomial.Application of biochar reduced marginal agronomic efficiency,implying that the plant utilized the applied nutrient more efficiently without biochar at a low dose of mineral fertilizer.Biochar increased potential yield but required more mineral fertilizer to obtain the optimum yield.The non-nutrient associated effect of biochar reached to 39% and is mainly attributed to its liming effect.The effect of biochar on AELN,Yopt,Fopt,fertilizer use efficiency and soil pH were more pronounced at the higher application rate.Addition of biochar,however,increased soil Mehlich-P and carbon content,irrespective of production temperature and application rate.This study demonstrated that the short-term effect of biochar application on fertilizer utilization should be examined with caution in low-input cropping systems because the biochar effects were dependent on fertilizer level,biochar application rate,production temperature and their interactions.Further manipulative experiments are recommended to identify the mechanisms that explain the non-nutrient effect of biochar on yield.

关键词： Coffee husk Temperature acidic soil High P-fixation ·Nutrients Yield

Impacts of chicken manure and peat-derived biochars and inorganic P alone or in combination on phosphorus fractionation and maize growth in an acidic ultisol

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 283-291页

作者： Muhammad Aqeel Kamran Ren-Kou Xu Jiu-yu Li Jung Jiang Ren-Yong Shi State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesP.O.Box 821NanjingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The forms of phosphorus(P)in animal manure and peat are different from synthetic P fertilizers and will affect soil P fractions when they are used as P amendments.Effects of chicken manure(CMB)and peat(PB)derived biochars(CMB and PB)alone or in combination with P fertilizer(KH_(2)PO_(4))and rock phosphate(RP)on plant/soil health and soil P fractions in an acidic ultisol were examined with greenhouse pot experiments.The total P rate was constant at 120 mg kg^(−1) in all treatments.soil P fractions,P uptake,and maize growth were determined after 56 days.Application of CMB combined with P fertilizer or alone significantly increased soil pH,water extractable and relatively labile P,dry matter yield of maize,chlorophyll contents in maize leaves,while decreasing the Fe and Al binding P.Moreover,sole application of CMB and PB showed greater effects than application of P fertilizer alone regarding plant growth and P fractionation.Integration of syn-thetic inorganic P sources with CMB or sole application of CMB is more beneficial than application of inorganic P sources to improve plant growth and P availability.

关键词： acidic soil Manure-derived biochar Peat-derived biochar Inorganic P fertilizer P fractions Plant P uptake