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To eat or not to eat-relationship of lichen herbivory by snails with secondary compounds and field frequency of lichens

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 642-650页

作者： Steffen Boch Markus Fischer Daniel Prati Institute of Plant Sciences and Botanical Garden University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland

Aims The biochemical defense of lichens against herbivores and its rela-tionship to lichen frequency are poorly understood.Therefore,we tested whether chemical compounds in lichens act as feeding defense or rather as stimulus for snail herbivory among lichens and whether experimental feeding by snails is related to lichen fre-quency in the field.Methods In a no-choice feeding experiment,we fed 24 lichen species to snails of two taxa from the Clausilidae and Enidae families and compared untreated lichens and lichens with compounds removed by acetone rinsing.Then,we related experimental lichen consump-tion with the frequency of lichen species among 158 forest plots in the field(schwäbische alb,germany),where we had also sampled snail and lichen species.Important findings In five lichen species,snails preferred treated samples over untreated controls,indicating chemical feeding defense,and vice versa in two species,indicating chemical feeding stimulus.Interestingly,com-pared with less frequent lichen species,snails consumed more of untreated and less of treated samples of more frequent lichen spe-cies.removing one outlier species resulted in the loss of a significant positive relationship when untreated samples were analyzed separately.However,the interaction between treatment and lichen frequency remained significant when excluding single species or including snail genus instead of taxa,indicating that our results were robust and that lumping the species to two taxa was justified.our results imply lichen-feeding snails to prefer frequent lichens and avoid less frequent ones because of secondary compound rec-ognition.This supports the idea that consumers adapt to the most abundant food source.

关键词： acetone rinsing biodiversity exploratories defense strategies gastropoda herbivore resistance lichenivory mollusk grazing plant-animal interaction

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