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Integrity control of an RBMK-1500 fuel rod locally oxidized under a bounding reactivity-initiated accident

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第1期30卷 133-143页

作者： Hamid Boucherit Algirdas Kaliatka Azzedine Lounis Division of Fuel Technology Nuclear Research Center of Draria Lithuanian Energy Institute Science and Materials Engineering Laboratory University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene

In 2007, the license for the second reactor unit of the Ignalina nuclear power plant was renewed considering the safety-related modifications introduced in this *** Safety Analysis Report for this reactor unit was prepared with more strict criteria. The bounding reactivityinitiated accident(RIA) performed by the Lithuanian Energy Institute could be mentioned as an example. The performed analysis demonstrated that even when the worst initial conditions and possible uncertainties are considered,the fuel cladding remains intact. However, the analysis was performed assuming a fresh fuel assembly. In this study, an analysis of the fuel rod cladding behavior in the RBMK-1500 reactor following a bounding RIA is performed using the computational codes FEMAXI-6 and RELAP5. The analysis is extended by modeling an oxide layer(nodular corrosion) on the external surface cladding. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was performed using a method developed by the Society for Plant and Reactor Safety,employing the Software for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses, in order to evaluate the effect of the oxide layer on the inside and outside fuel rod temperatures. The results of the thermo-mechanical analysis(stress, strain, and enthalpy) for a local oxide layer with a thickness of 70μm show that despite the exceeded limit of allowed linear power density, the fuel rod is under acceptable safety conditions.

关键词： Safety Reactivity-initiated accident Corrosion RBMK-1500 FEMAXI-6 RELAP5 Software for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses (SUSA)

Assessment of fuel-rod meltdown in a severe accident at Bushehr nuclear power plant(BNPP)

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第4期30卷 15-26页

作者： M.Barzegari M.Aghaie A.Zolfaghari Engineering Department Shahid Beheshti University

After the Fukushima disaster, interest in the evaluation of severe accidents in nuclear power plants and off-site consequences has significantly increased. Because experimental studies are difficult to conduct, computational methods play a substantial role in accident analysis. In this study, a severe accident in the Bushehr pressurized water reactor power plant caused by a station blackout with a total loss of alternating current power supply has been evaluated. This analysis presents the in-core damage of fuel rods and the release of fission products as well as the thermal hydraulic response of the station components during the loss of active emergency cooling systems. In this manner, a perfect model of the Bushehr nuclear power plant using the MELCOR code is prepared. The accident progression is simulated, and the thermal responses of the fuels and hydraulic components are presented. It is shown that, without operator intervention, steam generators will become dry in approximately 3000 s, and the heat sink of the reactor will be lost. The simulation results show that at approximately 8600 s, the upper parts of the core start melting. This model calculates the shortest available time for accident prevention and proves that the time available is sufficient for operator manual action to prevent a nuclear disaster.

关键词： MELCOR Bushehr power plant Severe accident analysis WWER1000 Pressurized water reactor

Six-hierarchy model of accident analysis and its application in coal mine accidents

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第1期3卷 61-71页

作者： Qiuju Ma Mengsai Wan Juncheng Shao Mingyu Zhong Yuhao Guo Wei Wang School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing 100083China Shanghai Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM Shanghai 200032China

accident analysis models play a significant role in accident investigation and *** traditional models,usually based on a chain of events,have serious limitations when used for complex systems,especially for coal mine *** is a widely accepted accident cause model with complex structure and *** on HFACS and accident investigation need in China,a new systemic accident analysis method“Six-hierarchy model”is *** the index database of accident causal factors at each hierarchy of coal mine accidents is *** model provides clear guidance for the prevention of accidents from six levels,which helps to the targeted rectification after accidents and the improvement of safety management *** source,ap-plication scope,advantages and disadvantages of HFACS and six-hierarchy model are ***“2.14”gas explosion accident in Sunjiawan coal mine is analyzed by using HFACS and six-hierarchy model and the safety management suggestions are put *** study shows that the Six-hierarchy model provides a clear guide for the prevention of accidents from six *** it benefits the targeted rectification after accidents and the continuous improvement of safety management.

关键词： accident accident analysis Six-hierarchy Coal mine accident HFACS

Land use in agricultural landscapes with chernozems contaminated after Chernobyl accident: Can we be confident in radioecological safety of plant foodstuff?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第2期7卷 158-166页

作者： Olga Komissarova Tatiana Paramonova Radioecology&Ecotoxicology Department Soil Science FacultyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory 1-12Moscow 119991Russia

Agricultural land use in the area of the post-Chemobyl Plavsk radioactive hotspot (Tula region,Central Russia) has raised a problem of radioecological safety of obtained plant *** of 137Cs activities and inventories in components of 'soil-plant' systems of the territory has been conducted in 2014-2017 in 10 agrosystems and 2 semi-natural *** was revealed that density of 137Cs contamination of arable chernozems and alluvial calcareous soils nowadays varies in a range 140-220 kBq/m2 and exceeds radiation safety standard by^3.5-6 *** plowing of the arable soils up to 30-cm in 1986-1987 resulted in decreasing of 137Cs inventories in rooting zone by ≈ 70% for crops cultivated with shallow disk plowing (wheat,barley),and by ≈ 35% for crops cultivated with middle plowing (buckwheat,amaranth,white mustard).The investigated plants and their compartments can be grouped on the basis of transfer factor values as follows:maize (stems and leaves)> amaranth> bromegrass > vegetation of dry meadow,galega,sunflower (seeds),vegetation of wet meadow > maize (grain),soybean (pods),barley (grain),buckwheat (grain),potatoes (tubers)> white mustard (seeds),wheat (grain).It is noticeable that generative plant compartments are characterized by less 137Cs activities in comparison with stems and leaves;and that 137Cs root uptake is not coincide with total flux of mineral nutrients in 'soil-plant' *** sum,137Cs soil-to-plant transfer in the area of the Plavsk radioactive hotspot is characterized by considerable discrimination,so 137Cs activities in plants are completely in accordance with national standards.

关键词： Radioactive soil contamination Caesium-137 137Cs Arable soils 'Soil-plant' system Chernobyl accident Radioecologically safe land use

Radiological environmental impact analysis of a 2-MW thorium molten salt reactor during an accident

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第5期30卷 70-81页

作者： Chang-Qi Chen Xiao-Bin Xia Zhi-Hong Zhang Jun Cai Chang-Yuan Li Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The thorium molten salt reactor–liquid fuel(TMSR-LF1) has inherent safety features. The accident occurrence possibility and their consequences are much lower for the TMSR-LF1 than that of traditional *** on accident analysis, the maximum credible accident and the radioactive source terms of the TMSR-LF1 were first estimated. Then, the total effective dose of the maximum credible accident was calculated. Based on calculations, the cover gas flow rate can significantly affect the radiation consequences of the maximum credible accident when it changes from 0 to 10 L/min. If no cover gas is flowing, a site-area emergency would be required within the range of 50–73 m from the reactor. In the case of cover gas flow, only an abnormal notification and an alert two emergency class would be required within the range of 50 m.

关键词： TMSR-LF1 accident classification and description Maximum credible accident Emergency class

Who is at risk in the French mountains? Profiles of the accident victims in outdoor sports and mountain recreation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第8期14卷 1490-1499页

作者： SOULE Bastien REYNIER Véronique LEFEVRE Brice BOUTROY Eric Laboratory of Vulnerabilities & Innovation in Sport University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Laboratory Sport & Social Environment University Grenoble Alpes

The risk of both severe and frequent injury associated with active pursuits in mountain areas is acknowledged. This phenomenon is all the most relevant to investigate in France that there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation. This paper focuses on the social-demographic and sporting profiles of accident victims. Our intent is to better understand who is specifically at risk, while practicing mountain recreation, in the French mountains. Such identification doubtlessly constitutes an important asset in order to enhance prevention. Three critical activities are notably tackled, among some others: hiking, a widespread activity that exposes many practitioners to hazardous settings; mountaineering and ski touring, supposedly entailing the most severe *** order to align the information collected, then provide estimations based on the reasoned crossing of these secondary data, we consulted and summarised all the databases that we knew of on the French territory: rescue team intervention reports, aggregated statistics from the sports ministry, sporting federation accident declarations, avalanche experts statistics, mountain guides union accident/incident reports, healthcare facilities admissions, etc. Only the sources consideredto be the most reliable and representative were used, owing to the number of cases processed, the exhaustive nature of data collection, or the level of information detail available. Our method also included consultation of all the parties playing an active role in prevention, training and mountain rescue, thus ensuring a participative, co-constructive approach to the study with the people that have the best knowledge of victim profiles. Around fifty such parties were interviewed on the methods implemented, the benefits and limits of current data, and the main expectations in terms of accidentology progress, thus further enhancing the credibility of the study proposed in this paper. Our results show that the parent populat

关键词： Mountain sports Outdoor recreation accident victims profile

accident or crime?About the meaning of face injuries inflicted by blunt force

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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 14-21页

作者： Vera Sterzik David Duckwitz Michael Bohnert Institute of Forensic Medicine Cantonal HospitalSt.GallenSwitzerland Institute of Forensic Medicine Julius-Maximilians-UniversityWurzburgGermany

Injuries caused by blunt force are seen frequently in daily forensic ***,especially when there is less information about the surrounding circumstances,it might become difficult to figure out the cause and background of injuries:accident,criminal violence or self-infliction?In the study presented,face injuries caused by blunt force in 694 cases were analyzed comparing the injury patterns in accidents to those in *** turned out injuries of the ear and retroauricular region clearly indicate a ***,soft tissue injuries of nose,upper jaw,and lower jaw point towards a criminal violence,whereas tooth injuries occur with a similar frequency in both crimes and accidents.

关键词： Forensic science blunt force facial injuries head injuries fatalities ear injury retroauricular injury accident criminal violence

Characteristics and Prediction of Traffic accident Casualties In Sudan Using Statistical Modeling and Artificial Neural Networks

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2012年第4期1卷 305-317页

作者： Galal A.Ali Awadalla Tayfour Professor&Consultant Engineer School of Civil EngineeringCollege of EngineeringSudan University of Science&TechnologyPO Box 12881Khartoum 11111Sudan School of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringSudan University of Science&TechnologyP.O.Box 72Eastern DaimKhartoumSudan l:

Road traffic accident(RTA)casualties in Sudan are among the major causes of death in the age group of 21 to *** 61%*** fatality rate of 35 per 10,000 vehicles is among the highest in the world despite the low car ownership of 1 vehicle to 100 *** paper presents accident characteristics and considers road safety *** issues discussed in the paper include prediction and safety *** paper applies Artificial Neural Network(ANN)and regression techniques to comparatively predict traffic accident *** approaches modeled accident casualties using historical data on population,number of registered cars and other related factors from 1991 to *** of predictions with recorded data was very *** during 2010-2014 were determined using projected values for the same predictor *** forecasts provided the best fit for the data with a maximum difference of 1.84%between predictions and observed *** study demonstrated that ANNs provide a powerful tool for analysis and prediction of accident *** major causes of accidents were attributed to driver behaviour,vehicle fleet and conditions,road network defects,speed-limit violation,negligence of seat-belt usage and lack of traffic-law enforcement.

关键词： prediction attributed accident

Treatment Method for a Pile Foundation accident of 22 Storey Building

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岩石力学与工程学报 2001年第2期20卷 267-272页

作者： Zhang Zhongxian, Tang Jiaxiang, Li Li, Lei Yuxiang (College of Civil Engineering, HUST, Wuhan 430074 China) Zhang Zhongxian: Born in 1964, male, master, associate professor, the frist grade registered structural engineer, working in the college 华中科技大学湖北武汉 430074

The original foundation design of a twenty two storey building, geological site condition of the foundation, and the appearance of pile foundation accident are described concisely. The treatment method and treatment e... 详细信息

关键词： pile foundation deep foundation pit accident treatment and reinforcement design