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Agro-Morphological Characterization of a Collection of Fonio [Digitaria exilis (Kippist.) Stapf.] accessions from Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第6期14卷 677-690页

作者： Balma Patrice Kabore Boukare Kiebre Mariam Kiebre Zakaria Sanou Jacob Bationo/Kando Pauline Laboratoire Biosciences Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles/Farako-Bñ (INERA/Farako-B&#241) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Considered as the oldest cereal, fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf.) is grown in West Africa for its therapeutic virtues, its nutritional and organoleptic qualities. It plays an important socio-cultural and economic role for the populations of western Burkina Faso. However, very few studies on the genetic diversity of fonio have been carried out. This study aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the diversity of Digitaria exilis in Burkina Faso using agro-morphological descriptors. Thus, 60 accessions of fonio collected from western Burkina Faso were characterized using 21 agro-morphological characters according to an Alpha Latice design with three replications. The study showed morphological variability for most of the qualitative and quantitative characters studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 56.07% of the variability. Hierarchical cluster analysis splits the accessions of the collection into four clusters using seven characters. These characters can constitute basic criteria for differentiating fonio accessions in Burkina Faso. The accessions of Group II have a long cycle and high production of grain, while the accessions of Group IV have a short cycle and low production of grain. The groups identified can serve as a starting point for fonio breeding in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Digitaria exilis Agro-Morphological Variability accession Burkina Faso

Local Taxonomy and Diversity of Chadian Sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>(L.) Moench] accessions

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 513-529页

作者： Djirabaye Nadjiam Institut Tchadien de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (ITRAD) N’Djaména Tchad

The integration of local plant genetic resources into the breeding program is an asset for research. The objective of this study is to assess the diversity and analyze the management practices of cultivated sorghum. A questionnaire following a participatory approach was submitted to 675 producers in 45 villages. The cultivars collected were characterized using 9 qualitative descriptors. In total, 151 accessions and 191 names were inventoried. On average, 25.17 accessions per department and 3.36 accessions per village. Local taxonomy is based on many criteria expressed in different local languages. The most common method of naming is that to the word sorghum is added either the color of the grain, the precocity, or any element deemed relevant by the farmers. Significant variability in grain and panicle traits was observed within the collection, except the color of the endosperm. The rate of diversity loss is 11.52% and red grain sorghums are the most threatened with extinction. Five accessions groups are differentiated by the presence or absence of awns, the color of glumes, and amount of grain covered by glumes, grain plumpness, and form. Based on productivity, precocity, plant size, seed shape, and color, the farmers identified seven promising accessions. This potential will be preserved and developed in the sorghum varietal improvement program in Chad.

关键词： Chad Prospecting Collection Varietal Diversity Local Taxonomy accession Sorghum

Agromophological Characterisation of Amaranth accessions from Malawi

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 1528-1542页

作者： Mvuyeni Nyasulu Abel Sefasi Sibongile Chimzinga Moses Maliro Horticulture Department Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Bunda College Lilongwe Malawi Crop and Soil Sciences Department Faculty of Agriculture Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Bunda Campus Lilongwe Malawi

Five amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) accessions from central and southern region of Malawi were characterised at Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources using agro-morphological traits. A total of thirteen descriptors, defined by Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), were used to characterise the amaranth accessions under study. Field experiments were carried out for two seasons in August to November, 2018 and January to March, 2019. The experiments were laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD), which was replicated four times. The qualitative (plant growth habit, leaf colour, inflorescence colour, stem colour, inflorescence spininess, seed colour) and quantitative traits (plant height, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescence length, days to 80% flowering, grain yield, leaf yield, and days to 80% maturity) evaluated were significant in defining the uniqueness of different amaranth accessions evaluated. Significant differences (P accessions exhibited erect plant growth habit. These results point to high possibility of genetic diversity of amaranth accessions in Malawi, it could be exploited in future breeding purposes and deserving conservation.

关键词： Phenotypic Descriptors accession Amaranth Correlation Analysis Cluster Dendrogram

Evaluation of a Subset of Ethiopia Sorghum Collection Germplasm from the National Genetic Resources Program of the United States Department of Agriculture for Anthracnose Resistance

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1403-1411页

作者： Louis K. Prom Hugo E. Cuevas Ezekiel Ahn Thomas Isakiet USDA-ARS Plains Area Agricultural Research Center College Station TX USA USDA-ARS Tropical Crops and Germplasm Research Mayagüez PR USA USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit St. Paul MN USA Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M University TX USA

Globally, one of the most devastating diseases of sorghum is anthracnose incited by Colletotrichum sublineola. During the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons, 94 and 64 accessions from the Ethiopian sorghum germplasm collection maintained by the National Genetic Resources Program of the United States Department of Agriculture were evaluated for anthracnose resistance. Seeds were planted in 1.8 m rows with 0.9 m row spacing in a randomized complete block design. The accessions and checks were replicated three times and 30 days after planting, inoculated by placing C. sublineola-colonized grains in the plant whorls. A total of 30 accessions, including PI533918, PI533923, PI534131 and PI534151 were resistant to the disease in both years. These identified resistant sources can be used in breeding programs to develop anthracnose-resistant lines and hybrids.

关键词： Sorghum Colletotrichum sublineola accession Fungi

Participatory Assessment of the Potential of Traditional Lowland Rainfed Rice Varieties in Lower Casamance

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1412-1426页

作者： Milienne Mendy Ousmane Ndiaye Bathé Diop Djibril Sarr Mohamed Mahamoud Charahabil Paul Diedhiou Saliou Ndiaye Cheikh Tidiane Ba Departement of Agroforestry University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor (UASZ) Ziguinchor Senegal National High School of Agriculture (ENSA) UIDT Thies Senegal National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) of Bambey ISRA Bambey Senegal Departement of Sociology University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor (UASZ) Ziguinchor Senegal

Casamance was perceived as an agricultural granary that had rice potential which could meet the high food demand of Senegal. Given that the rice-growing lands have been degraded due to pedoclimatic variabilities, improved modern varieties are not usually well adapted to the Casamance rice-growing ecosystems. This work aims to contribute to the increase of rice production through varietal diversification and enhancement of cultural heritage. A participatory evaluation of five local farmers’ traditional varieties along with one check was carried out in an experiment laid out in a one-factor complete randomized block design using the six accessions with five replications. ANOVA followed by a 5% mean comparison Tukey test and the Kendall Rate were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics software. The result showed very significant varietal differences for leaf blade of the penultimate leaves, 100-grains weight, panicle length, growth cycle, plant height, ramification of secondary branching of the spikelets, resistance to lodging and threshing facility (p ≤ 0.005). However, traits including flag leaf, tiller numbers, sterile tillers number, panicle numbers, panicle yield, and grain yield did not show a significant difference (p ≥ 0.06) among varieties. Thus, based on some of these characteristics, farmers selected their most preferred rice varieties or accessions. The most important characteristics were tillering ability, lodging resistance and fertility rate. Koussik Emandiouck selected by farmers as the best variety, had a high grain yield (4.9 t∙ha-1), higher lodging resistance (9), and higher fertility rate (80.53%). Koussik Emandiouck, Koufekeny and Awandiaho varieties were the most preferred by farmers.

关键词： Rice Rainfed Evaluation accession Indland Valleys Senegal

Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding ribosomal protein S4 from Rice (Oryza sativa)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第2期45卷 168-173页

作者： QU Lijia LI Donghui ZHANG Yi LIU Meihua GU Hongya CHEN Zhangliang National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China De Montfort University The GatewayLeicester LE1 9BHUK

A cDNA clone, pS4, has been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from rice anthers of about 1.0 mm in length. DNA sequence analysis and database search show that the cDNA encodes a protein which is highly homologous to eukaryotic 80S ribosomal protein subunit 4 (S4). Northern hybridization indicates that this gene expresses in all tissues analyzed although the expression level varies and it cannot be induced by mechanical wounding in leaves. Southern blot analysis demonstrates that this rice S4 gene is from a multigene

关键词： ribosomal protein S4 cDNA clone monocotyledonous plant tissue specificity(rice) 1) The nucleotide sequence data reported is in the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database under the accession number Y15009.

Genetic Diversity and Structure of Tunisian Local Pear Germplasm as Revealed by SSR Markers

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2020年第2期6卷 61-70页

作者： Rim Ouni Anna Zborowska Jasna Sehic Sarra Choulak JInaki Hormaza Larisa Garkava-Gustavsson Messaoud Mars Research Unit on Agrobiodiversity(UR13AGR05) Higher Agronomic InstituteIRESA-University of SousseChott-Mariem 4042Tunisia Department of Plant Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences23053 AlnarpSweden Department of Plant Breeding-Balsgd Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesFjkestadsven 459SE-29194 KristianstadSweden Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Bioresources Valorisation(LR11ES41)ISBMUniversity of MonastirMonastir 5000Tunisia Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical Mediterránea La Mayora(IHSM-UMA-CSIC)Estaci on Experimental La MayoraAlgarrobo-CostaMálaga 29750Spain

Growing pear has a long tradition in Tunisia, and numerous local cultivars possessing an excellent adaptability and resilience potential to climatic variation are present. This large adaptability is associated with an important genetic diversity, which is threatened to *** measures have to be taken in order to properly evaluate and conserve this local material. Microsatellite markers were used to assess the level of genetic diversity among Tunisian pear germplasm, and compare it with some European varieties and wild pear species. 61 pear accessions representing eight groups(six groups from Tunisia, one from Northern Europe and another group composed of wild pear) have been genotyped using SSR markers derived from apple and pear. The pear accessions showed a significant polymorphism and 95 polymorphic alleles were found. The number of alleles per locus varied from 5 for CH04e03 locus to 14 for CH01d09 locus with an average of 9.4 alleles per ***, the mean gene diversity(H_e) per locus ranged from 0.192 to 0.752. Genetic distance values and cluster analyses revealed high genetic similarities among the Tunisian groups. Factorial correspondence analysis(FCA) categorized the accessions into three independent groups where Tunisian local accessions agglomerated together distantly from European and wild pear accessions. Additionally, UPGMA dendrogram grouped accessions into two clusters, confirmed thereafter by the Bayesian model-based Structure analysis. The results showed 16 putative triploid accessions found in the local germplasm. This study provides valuable information to develop strategies of local pear conservation and use.

关键词： Pyrus communis molecular marker genetic diversity local accession

Isolation and complete genome sequence of a novel virulent mycobacteriophage, CASbig

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第1期30卷 76-79页

作者： Tieshan Teng Junping Yu Hang Yang Hongping Wei Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dear Editor,Bacteriophages are powerful tools for investigating and manipulating their hosts(Fernandes et al.,2014).This holds particularly true for mycobacteriophages,which have facilitated the development of mycobac... 详细信息

关键词： powerful holds phage lysin CASbig similarity http Genome accession packaging

Comparative Effect of Foliar Application of Cow Dung, Wood Ash and Benlate on the Disease Initiation and Development of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Coniella musaiensis Var. Hibisci. in Makurdi, Central Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第8期4卷 26-32页

作者： K. D. Apeyuan A. O. Nwankiti H. O. A. Oluma E. J. Ekefan Department of Integrated Science College of Education Katsina-Ala Nigeria

A study on the comparative effect of cow dung, wood ash and benlate for the control of leaf spot disease of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was carried out following the preparation and foliar application of the materials on selected Roselle plants of the green and red accessions (Acc1 & Acc3) in the field. The cow dung was fermented for 14 days while sour milk was added to wood ash, dissolved and all filtered and labeled. The spraying commenced soon after the plants were thinned to one and was done weekly until after 50% of the plants had flowered. Results showed significant (p = 0.05) difference between benlate, the synthetic fungicide and the bio-fertilizers (cow dung and wood ash) for the two years of the study. Disease severity was significantly lower in the benlate than in the bio-fertilizers. There was no significant difference in yield between the treatments although higher yield was recorded in benlate. Though the bio-fertilizers could not suppress infection, they aided the growth of the plants by boosting luxuriant growth. The result showed that these bio-fertilizers cannot be used as substitute to the synthetic fungicide for the control of this leaf spot disease caused by Coniella musaiensis var. hibisci. However, since they give equally good yield the bio-fertilizers can still be used to minimize the reliance upon use of chemical fungicides.

关键词： Foliar Application Cow Dung Wood Ash Benlate Disease Initiation Hibiscus sabdariffa L. accession Leaf Spot Coniella musaiensis Var. Hibisci