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Effect of hand hygiene intervention on the absenteeism of pre-school children in Klang Valley,Malaysia:a quasi-experimental study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期16卷 416-421页

作者： Nurul Azmawati Mohamed Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin Zarini Ismail Shalinawati Ramli Habibah Faroque Farisha Nur Abd Samad Abdul Rashid Ariffien Aisyah Ar Redha Che Amir FaridIlina Isahak Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaPandan Indah55100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia

Background absenteeism amongst pre-school children is often due to illnesses such as hand,foot,and mouth disease,acute gastroenteritis,cold and flu,which are easily spread amongst *** is because of weak immunity and lack of knowledge on proper hand *** quasi-experimental study assessed the efficacy of an intervention consisting of a hand hygiene education programme,along with digital tools in bringing about a change in behaviour and health conditions amongst pre-school children in Klang Valley,*** A total of 377 school children,male and female,aged 5–6 years old,participated and were assigned to either the intervention or a control *** the 2 months intervention period,children in the test group were trained on proper hand hygiene practices and techniques with the aid of the interactive android-based *** numbers of absent days of all the children were recorded for 2 months before the intervention and during the *** In the test group,there was a 25%increase in the total number of absent days from the pre-intervention period to the intervention period,a much lesser increment observed as compared to that of control group in which the increase was much higher at 89%.Results showed a significant difference(Pabsenteeism rates for the test and control group during the intervention *** These results suggest that proper education and intervention increase hand hygiene compliance,which may help decrease school absenteeism due to illness;however,a longer study duration may be necessary to evaluate the benefit further.

关键词： absenteeism Hand hygiene Povidone-iodine Pre-school children

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Factors associated with patient absenteeism for scheduled endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2882-2886页

作者： Victor K Wong Hong-Bin Zhang Robert Enns St. Paul's Hospital Universityof British Columbia Vancouver V6Z-2K5 BC Canada Centre for Health Evaluation and OutcomesSciences St. Paul's Hospital University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z-2K5 BC Canada

AIM: To identify risk factors to help predict which patients are likely to fail to appear for an endoscopic procedure. METHODS: This was a retrospective, chart review, cohort study in a Canadian, tertiary care, academic, hospital-based endoscopy clinic. Patients included were: those undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy and patients who failed to appear were compared to a control group. The main outcome measure was a multivariate analysis of factors associated with truancy from scheduled endoscopic procedures. Factors analyzed included gender, age, waiting time, type of procedure, referring physician, distance to hospital, first or subsequent endoscopic procedure or encounter with gastroenterologist, and urgency of the procedure. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-four patients did not show up for their scheduled appointment. Compared to a control group, factors statistically significantly associated with truancy in the multivariate analysis were: non-urgent vs urgent procedure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06, 2.450), referred by a specialist vs a family doctor (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.31, 5.52) and office-based consult prior to endoscopy vs consult and endoscopic procedure during the same appointment (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.33, 3.78). CONCLUSION: Identifying patients who are not scheduled for same-day consult and endoscopy, those referred by a specialist, and those with non-urgent referrals may help reduce patient truancy.

关键词： absenteeism Colonoscopy Endoscopy Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Gastroenterologist

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An Analysis of Health Factors Affecting Employees’ absenteeism: Influences of HDL Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

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Health 2023年第5期15卷 397-412页

作者： Kazumitsu Nawata Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study (HIAS) Hitotsubashi University Tokyo Japan

Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.

关键词： absenteeism Reduction of Absence Days High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Blood Sugar

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Impact of Metabolic-Syndrome Risk Factors on the absenteeism of Health Workers from a Brazilian University Hospital

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Health 2018年第6期10卷 853-877页

作者： Almerinda Luedy Danile Leal Barreto Hugo Costa-Ribeiro Júnior Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine Salvador Brazil

Objective: Analyzing the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MS) risk factors and work absenteeism due to illnesses among University Hospital employees in Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study comprised 1173 Bahia Federal University Hospital employees: 57.3% of them were federal employees (statutory officers) and 42.7% were civil servants (CLT employees). Participants were in the age group 41.5 years: 69.4% were female and 30.6% were male. Results: MS prevalence in employees reached 6.6%;women accounted for 69.7% of the total. The percentage increases with age and has similar proportion among directcare providers and ancillary supports personnel, 40.8% and 39.5%, respectively. The risk factor analysis showed 25% hypertension, 54.6% weight excess (18.4% obese and 36.2% overweight patients), 20% hypercholesterolemia, 9.9% hypertriglyceridemia and 6.5% diabetes mellitus prevalence. absenteeism longer than one day within the studied population reached 40.1%. Osteoarticular diseases were the most common reason for absenteeism, accounting for 50.7% of it: 62.6% of whom were either overweight or obese. The mean cost with absenteeism per employee was R$5492.87 ($2347.00 US Dollars), and it corresponds to annual cost of R 2,587,139.53 ($1,105,610.00 US Dollars). The highest cost with absenteeism caused by illnesses was recorded for female workers;for federal employees who were patient caregivers, who worked in the Pediatric Centre and who worked at night shifts. Conclusion: The high Metabolic Syndrome risk factors and overweight incidence are responsible for the increased costs faced by hospitals due to high absenteeism rates.

关键词： Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors absenteeism University Hospital

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Analysis of Measured Employees’ absenteeism in the Forensic Science Laboratory

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Engineering（科研） 2019年第3期11卷 137-166页

作者： Gloria Cuthbert Omari Samwel Victor Manyele George Mwaluko Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Government Chemist Laboratory Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania

A detailed analysis of the measured absenteeism data for employees in a forensic science laboratory (FSL) is presented. About 134 employees out of 172 were used as a sample. The factors assumed to affect absenteeism included differences in gender, departments/units, period of the year, skill-levels and professions. The data were collected throughout a calendar year, using a biometric system infrastructure incorporating fingerprint capturing device, IP camera, database server and software (Bio Star Version 1.62). The calendar was used to establish the total working days and hours while employee absenteeism data in percentage were established by computation of days and hours absent for a given period, based on days or hours attended. Equations were derived to determine the absenteeism ratios expressed in percentage (Abd and Abh). The absenteeism ratio, Abh, was observed to be the most appropriate parameter. The business development department (BDD) shows the lowest Abh compared to other departments. Female employees show higher Abh and lower Abd than male employees, while accountants show lowest absenteeism compared to Employees in professional level who had highest absence rate compared to skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled employees. Most hours were lost during September-December compared to the rest of the year. The results reveal higher employee absenteeism in the FSL affecting its performance.

关键词： absenteeism absenteeism Ratio Biometric Forensic Science Laboratory Gender Laboratory Professions

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The Risk and Protective Factors of School absenteeism

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第2期5卷 195-203页

作者： Rajeevan Rasasingham University of Toronto Toronto Canada Harvard University Cambridge MA USA

absenteeism from school in children and adolescents is a problem that impacts the social, emotional and educational development of the children (Haarman, 2011). While absenteeism can be seen as a short-term condition, prolonged absenteeism during childhood may be a predictor of lasting issues that may persist into adulthood (King, Ollendick and Tonge, 1995), such as “school dropout, delinquency and occupational and relationship problems” (Kearney and Bensaheb,?2006), and economic deprivation and social, marital, occupational and psychiatric problems (Kearney and Graczyk, 2014). Early absenteeism has been associated with school dropout, further?disconnecting the children from school based health programs and leading the children into economic deprivation, and marital, social and psychiatric problems in adulthood (Kogan, Luo, Murry and Brody, 2005). Furthermore, absenteeism may be an indication of “suicide attempt, perilous sexual behaviour, teenage pregnancy, violence, unintentional injury, driving under the influence of alcohol, and alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and other substance abuse” (Kearney, 2008). The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the literature on protective and risk factors for school absenteeism in youths aged 5 to 18 years old, with focus on articles published after 2004. First, the definition of absenteeism will be discussed, followed by the prevalence and demographic of this phenomenon, the protective and risk factors of school absenteeism, and a review of intervention strategies.

关键词： School absenteeism Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Review

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Staff absenteeism in Public Health Facilities of Uganda: A Study in Bushenyi District on Contributing Factors

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Open Journal of Nursing 2017年第10期7卷 1115-1130页

作者： Nancy Nyasuguta Nyamweya Peter Yekka Ronny Drasi Mubutu Keneth Iceland Kasozi Jane Muhindo Department of Public Health School of Health Sciences Nursing and Midwifery Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal Uganda Kyeizooba Health Center III Kyeizooba Sub-county-Igara East Constituency Bushenyi District Local Government Bushenyi Uganda Department of Public Health School of Allied Health and Medicine Kampala International University Western Campus Bushenyi Uganda Department of Physiology Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University Western Campus Bushenyi Uganda

Background: Staff absenteeism is a global challenge in health care service delivery that has not spared any country. Aim: This was to assess the factors contributing to staff absenteeism in public health facilities in Bushenyi District of Uganda. Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted for a period of 3 months in which data were collected using a questionnaire and interviews. Results: Majority of participants were females (66.4%) which 50% in the age of 31 - 45 years. The study showed that residing outside the health facility (42.1%) i.e. walking distances over 10 km to get to work was a challenge. Family conflicts, overstay in one workstation without rotations to other major health facilities and drug abuse as well as inadequate supervision were major contributing factors to absenteeism (P Conclusion: Staff absenteeism in rural communities is a major challenge that needs a multi-sectorial approach for its effective management, thus showing a need to revise policy in the health sector.

关键词： Staff absenteeism in Uganda Uganda Health Care Nurses in Africa

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Descriptive Epidemiology for <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>Infection Using (Nursery) School absenteeism Surveillance System, and Proposal for Countermeasures

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第10期6卷 33-42页

作者： Junko Kurita Natsuki Nagasu Noriko Nagata Naomi Sakurai Yasushi Ohkusa Tamie Sugawara The Graduate School of Health Sciences Ibaraki Prefectural University Ibaraki Japan Health Services Disease Control Division Department of Health and Social Services Ibaraki Japan Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health Ibaraki Japan Center for Medical Sciences Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Ibaraki Japan National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan

Objective: We present descriptive epidemiology of Mycoplasma infection using the (Nursery) School absenteeism Surveillance System ((N)SASSy) in addition to national official sentinel surveillance for infectious diseases (NOSSID). It is expected to be helpful for early detection and response to outbreak of Mycoplasma infection and also to be useful for antimicrobial resistance measures. Method: The study period was 2010-2014 seasons. The study area was the whole of Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. NOSSID reports the number of patients with Mycoplasma pneumonia from 13 sentinel hospitals. We compare the number of patients and the incidence rate of NOSSID with the same information in (N)SASSy. Result: In NOSSID, the largest number of patients by age was 27 patients of one year old in 2012. (N)SASSy showed that the incidence rate in the elementary schools is high in 2011 and 2012. Especially, the second grade students were the highest. Discussion: Even though Mycoplasma infection is well known as a pediatric disease, we showed that second grade was the highest in incidence at first. Because (N)SASSy is timely and real-time information collection, evaluation and sharing countermeasures with (nursery) schools, public health centers, and physicians are useful for students and nursery school children, and communities. Conclusion: Because mycoplasma infection is common pediatric infectious diseases and because some patients rarely develop severe infections, we must prevent larger outbreaks. (N)SASSy can provide timely intervention at the initial phase of outbreak by monitoring situations in (nursery) schools and comparing data to baseline information.

关键词： Mycoplasma Infection (Nursery) School absenteeism Surveillance System Surveillance

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Extensive Medical absenteeism among Secondary School Students: An Observational Study on Their Health Condition from a Biopsychosocial Perspective

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第3期5卷 111-121页

作者： Yvonne T. M. Vanneste Jolanda J. P. Mathijssen Ien L. A. M. van de Goor Carin M. C. Rots-de Vries Frans J. M. Feron Regional Public Health Service West Brabant Tilburg The Netherlands Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Tranzo Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) CAPHRI Department of Social Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands

An adequate approach to reducing school absenteeism should focus on medical absenteeism as this is the most prevalent form of school absenteeism. The objective of this study is to explore the health condition of pre-vocational secondary students with extensive medical absenteeism from a biopsychosocial perspective. Data were obtained from medical assessments and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) of students with medical absence above threshold criteria (i.e. reported sick four times in 12 school weeks or more than six consecutive school days) who were referred to a youth health care physician. The results showed that the students had a mean absence rate of 14% in 12 school weeks. Of all students, 43.5% had a diagnosed disease and 81.5% had problems such as physical complaints not yet diagnosed, psychosocial problems, lifestyle problems and sleeping difficulties. Four groups could be distinguished: 13.4% with a diagnosed disease and no problem, 30.1% with a diagnosed disease and a problem, 51.5% with a problem and no diagnosed disease and 5.1% without a diagnosed disease or problem. Significantly higher scores of the Total difficulties-scale on the SDQ were found (mean 10.5;SD 5.8) in the study group, compared to a reference group (mean 9.1;SD 4.9). In conclusion, this study shows that when using the aforementioned criteria for extensive medical absenteeism to intervene with the absence, students with a mean absence rate of 14% in 12 school weeks are identified. If there was a diagnosed disease, it was accompanied by problems about twice as often. More than half of the students’ absence was caused by problems rather than a disease. The great diversity of these problems calls for a personalized approach. A broad perspective, including medical expertise, is needed to distinguish between emerging mental and physical diseases, psychosocial and lifestyle problems.

关键词： Adolescent Health Preventive Pediatric Primary Care School absenteeism Public Health Psychosocial Problems

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Effects of AIDS-related disability on workforce participation and earned income in Botswana: A quasi-experimental evaluation

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Health 2013年第3期5卷 409-416页

作者： Mansour Farahani Danae Roumis Ajay Mahal Marionette Holmes Gillian Moalosi Chris Molomo Richard Marlink AIDS Initiative Harvard School of Public Health Boston USA Botswana Harvard Partnership Gaborone Botswana Department of Economics Spelman College Atlanta USA Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Los Angeles USA National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA) Gaborone Botswana School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia

Background: Botswana is regarded as a leader of progressive HIV/AIDS policy, as the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to establish a free, national antiretroviral therapy program. In light of such programmatic successes, it is important to evaluate the potentially changing relationship of HIV/AIDS to the wellbeing of individuals, households, and institutions in the country. Methods: We evaluate the effects of HIV-related illness on absenteeism and earnings several years after the start of the national treatment program among a random sample of adults in Botswana using survey data from 3999 individuals aged 15 to 49, using quasi-experimental methods. We compare absenteeism between individuals with and without HIV-related illness, using a propensity score matching approach. We then estimate the effect of HIV-related illness on earnings using a Heckman selection model to account for selection into the workforce. We stratify our analyses by sex. Results: Men and women with HIV-related illness were absent by about 5.2 and 3.3 additional days, respectively, in the month prior to the survey compared to matched controls, and earned approximately 38% and 43% less, respectively, in the month prior to the survey compared to those without HIV-related illness. Conclusions: HIV-related illness appears to increase absenteeism in this sample and dramatically reduce earnings. The findings suggest a need for policies that confer greater financial security to individuals with HIV/AIDS in Botswana.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Botswana absenteeism Earnings Propensity Score Matching Heckman Selection Model

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