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West Nile virus:North American experience

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 279-289页

作者： Erik K.HOFMEISTER USGS National Wildlife Health Center MadisonWisconsinUSA

West Nile virus,a mosquito-vectored flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis serogroup,was first detected in North America following an epizootic in the New York City area in *** the intervening 11 years since the arrival of the virus in North America,it has crossed the contiguous USA,entered the Canadian provinces bordering the USA,and has been reported in the Caribbean islands,Mexico,Central America and,more recently,South *** Nile virus has been reported in over 300 species of birds in the USA and has caused the deaths of thousands of birds,local population declines of some avian species,the clinical illness and deaths of thousands of domestic horses,and the clinical disease in over 30000 Americans and the deaths of over *** to the emergence of West Nile virus in North America,*** encephalitis virus and Dengue virus were the only other known mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses in North America capable of causing human *** review will discuss the North American experience with mosquito-borne flavivirus prior to the arrival of West Nile virus,the entry and spread of West Nile virus in North America,effects on wild bird populations,genetic changes in the virus,and the current state of West Nile virus transmission.

关键词： arbovirus emerging infectious disease North America West Nile virus zoonotic disease

Comparison of gastrointestinal parasite communities in vervet monkeys

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 512-520页

作者： Kim VALENTA Dennis TWINOMUGISHA Kathleen GODFREY Cynthia LIU Valérie A.M.SCHOOF Tony L.GOLDBERG Colin A.CHAPMAN McGill School of Environment McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Makerere University Biological Field Station KampalaUganda Bilingual Biology Program Department of Multidisciplinary StudiesGlendon CampusYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Globally,habitat degradation is accelerating,especially in the *** to interface habitats can increase environmental overlap among nonhuman primates,people,and domestic animals and change stress levels in wildlife,leading to changes in their risk of parasite ***,the direction and consequences of these changes are unclear,since animals may benefit by exploiting human resources(e.g.,improving nutritional health by eating nutritious crops)and decreasing susceptibility to infection,or interactions with humans may lead to chronic stress and increased susceptibility to *** monkeys are an excellent model to understand parasitic disease transmission because of their tolerance to anthropogenic *** we quantify the gastrointestinal parasites of a group of vervet monkeys(Chlorocebus aethiops)near Lake Nabugabo,Uganda,that frequently overlaps with people in their use of a highly modified *** compare the parasites found in this population to seven other sites where vervet monkey gastrointestinal parasites have been identi*** vervets of Lake Nabugabo have the greatest richness of parasites documented to *** discuss how this may reflect differences in sampling intensity or differences in the types of habitat where vervet parasites have been sampled.

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance disease gastrointestinal parasite habitat degradation Nabugabo vervet zoonotic disease

Pictorial review of hepatic echinococcosis:Ultrasound imaging and differential diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第37期30卷 4115-4131页

作者： Yi Tao Yi-Fei Wang Jun Wang Shuang Long Barnabas C Seyler Xiao-Fei Zhong Qiang Lu Department of Medical Ultrasound West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Gaoping District People’s HospitalNanchong 637100Sichuan ProvinceChina Shude International Chengdu Shude High SchoolChengdu 610066Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065Sichuan ProvinceChina

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus that primarily affect the *** western plateau and pastoral areas of China are high-risk regions for hepatic cystic echinococcosis and hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE).The high late mortality rate associated with HAE underscores the critical need for early diagnosis to improve cure rates and mitigate the disease burden in endemic ***,the World Health Orga-nization recommends ultrasonography as the preferred initial screening method for hepatic ***,distinguishing between specific types of lesions,such as those of hepatic cystic echinococcosis and HAE,and other focal liver lesions is *** address this issue,contrast-enhanced ultrasound is recommended as a tool to differentiate solid and cysto-solid hepatic echino-coccosis from other focal liver lesions,significantly enhancing diagnostic *** this comprehensive review,we discuss the progression of hepatic echinococcosis and detail the imaging features of various types of echinococcosis using conventional,contrast-enhanced,and intraoperative ultrasound *** objective is to provide robust imaging evidence and guidance for early diagnosis,clinical decision making,and postoperative follow-up in regions with high disease prevalence.

关键词： Echinococcosis zoonotic disease Ultrasound Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Diagnosis

Why has canine rabies remained endemic in the Kilosa district of Tanzania? Lessons learnt and the way forward

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 88-94页

作者： M.J.Kipanyula Department of Veterinary Anatomy Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSokoine University of AgricultureP.O.Box 3016Chuo KikuuMorogoroTanzania

Background:Domestic dogs are the main targets for rabies control as they are the principal reservoir for transmission of the rabies virus to humans and other domestic *** purpose of this study was to identify the factors that contribute to the rabies virus infecting the human population in a rural community of Eastern ***:Using a cross-sectional study design,field visits were conducted to gather information on villagers’knowledge on and practices associated with canine rabies control and dog vaccination ***:A total of 248 individuals were interviewed in the Kilosa district,*** two-thirds(61.3%)had a primary school *** majority(91.1%)of the respondents were aware that rabies is acquired through dog bites and 66.9%knew about the clinical signs of rabies in an *** few(17.7%),however,were aware of the clinical signs of rabies in *** 20.4%of the respondents knew how rabies is controlled in dogs and 71%were not aware of dog vaccination *** average number of dogs kept per household was 4±3.3;70.0%of the respondents had one to five dogs,28.3%had six to dog dogs,and 1.6%had 16–20 *** dogs were primarily used to guard livestock and property,and to *** 59.7%of the respondents indicated that rabies was a public health *** vaccination coverage was observed in the study area,with previous mass vaccination campaigns covering only 24.4%of the dog *** appeared to have limited value in the studied ***,there were no proper waste disposal facilities and oftentimes wild canids and felids visited the villages to scavenge on kitchen ***:Although communities in the Kilosa district had knowledge on rabies in dogs,they were not aware of the public health implication of the disease,which thus led a poor response during mass dog vaccination *** of a well-coordinated rabies control program,strategic public health awareness camp

关键词： Rabies zoonotic disease Dog bite Vaccination Kilosa Tanzania

Regulating wildlife conservation and food safety to prevent human exposure to novel virus

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 524-527,523页

作者： Jingjing Yuan Yonglong Lu Xianghui Cao Haotian Cui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Epidemiological investigation suggested that the current outbreak of COVID-19 virus was associated with a seafood market,and COVID-19 has been identified a probable bat *** to SARS event in 2003,such a zoonotic disease showed an animal-to-person and even more serious person-to-person spread,and posed a significant threat to the global health and socio-economic *** analyzed the association of both outbreaks with wildlife diet in China and proposed suggestions for regulating wildlife conservation and food safety to prevent human exposure to the novel virus,including increasing social awareness of hazards in eating wild animals,strengthening legislation on eating and trading of wild animals,improving the standards for food safety,and establishing market supervision *** intervention is not only critical for China but also for other countries where wildlife hunting is prevalent to prevent from novel virus exposures.

关键词： Wildlife conservation food safety zoonotic disease human exposure novel virus

International chicken trade and increased risk for introducing or reintroducing highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) to uninfected countries

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Infectious disease Modelling 2017年第4期2卷 412-418页

作者： Jennifer M.Radin Richard A.Shaffer Suzanne P.Lindsay Maria Rosario GAraneta Rema Raman James H.Fowler Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health(Epidemiology) San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Political Sciences University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of Medical Genetics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of miles around the globe in order to meet the ever increasing demands for this cheap and nutritious protein ***,transporting chickens internationally can also increase the chance for introducing zoonotic viruses,such as highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)to new *** study used a retrospective analysis of poultry trading data from 2003 through 2011 to assess the risk of H5N1 poultry infection in an importing *** found that the risk of infection in an importing country increased by a factor of 1.3(95%CI:1.1e1.5)for every 10-fold increase in live chickens imported from countries experiencing at least one H5N1 poultry case during that *** results suggest that the risk in a particular country can be significantly reduced if imports from countries experiencing an outbreak are decreased during the year of infection or if biosecurity measures such as screening,vaccination,and infection control practices are *** findings show that limiting trade of live chickens or increasing infection control practices during contagious periods may be an important step in reducing the spread of H5N1 and other emerging avian influenza viruses.

关键词： Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) Poultry trade Transmission model zoonotic disease

Genetic Diversity of Bartonella quintana in Macaques Suggests zoonotic Origin of Trench Fever

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Genetic Diversity of Bartonella quintana in Macaques Suggest...

Spatial analysis of animal bites in Iran(2015-2020):A cross-sectional study

动物生态养殖、疫病防控、食品安全与人类健康——中国畜牧兽医学会家畜传染病学分会第八届全国会员代表大会暨第十五次学术研讨会

作者： Jie-Ying Bai Xiao-Fei Zhang Lin Zeng Laboratory Animal Center Academy of Military Medical Sciences

Bartonella quintana is a bacterium that causes a broad spectrum of diseases in humans including trench fever. Humans were previously considered to be the primary, if not the only reservoir hosts for B. quintana. In order to identify the animal reservoir and extend our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary history of B. quintana, we examined blood samples from macaques and performed multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. We demonstrated the prevalence of B. quintana infection was common in macaques from main primate centers in China’s mainland. Overall, 18.0% (59/328) of rhesus macaques and 12.7% (39/308) of cynomolgus macaques were found to be infected with B. quintana by blood culture and/or polymerase chain reaction. The infection was more frequently identified in juvenile and young monkeys compared to adult animals. In contrast with the relatively low level of sequence divergence of B. quintana reported in humans, our investigation revealed much higher genetic diversity in non-human primates. We identified 44 new nucleotide variable sites and 14 novel sequence types (STs) among the B. quintana isolates by MLST analysis. Some STs were found only in cynomolgus macaques, while some others were detected only in rhesus macaques, suggesting evidence of host-cospeciation, which were further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis and splits decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that trench fever may primarily be a zoonotic disease with macaques as the natural hosts.

关键词： Bacteria Bartonella quintana MLST macaque trench fever zoonotic disease

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Journal of Acute disease 2024年第2期13卷 67-73页

作者： Hoda Amiri Khadijeh Yazdanparast Mohsen Pourkhosravani Maryam Rastegar Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Department of Geography and Urban Planning Shahid Bahonar University of KermanIran Department of Biostatistics School of HealthMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran

Objective:To investigate the distribution pattern of animal bites in Mirjaveh,Iran from 2015 to ***:The data on animal bites were collected from the Department of Infectious diseases,the provincial health *** climatic data on precipitation and temperature during the study period were also *** correlation between incidence and temperature,precipitation rate,land type,and altitude was also ***:The results showed that men were more affected by animal bites than women(76.4%,P<0.001),and the highest incidence rate occurred in the age group of 5-19 *** incidence rate of animal bites was found to be correlated with temperature and *** increase in temperature was associated with a rise in the incidence rate of animal *** number of animal bites increased until 2019,possibly due to an increase in the number of dogs in the ***:Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce the incidence of animal bites,particularly among children,housewives,and *** access to appropriate treatments,increasing public awareness of the hazards of animal bites,and increasing the number of vaccinated dogs in the area are essential strategies to be considered.

关键词： Animal bites Epidemiology zoonotic disease Iran

Powassan virus:A tick borne flavivirus infecting humans

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Biosafety and Health 2022年第1期4卷 30-37页

作者： Xu Yang George F.Gao William J.Liu CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical BiologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Beijing 102206China

Infection of humans by Powassan virus(POWV)occurs rarely but is potentially life‐*** isolated in Ontario,Canada in 1958,the presence of POWV has been confirmed in three countries:Canada,the USA,and *** a limited number of human cases has been reported thus far,the infection rate has shown signs of increasing during the 21^(st) ***,POWV and a genetically close variant,deer tick virus(DTV),are the only member of the tick‐borne flaviviruses known to be endemic in North America and maintain in respective tick‐host *** this review,we briefly summarize current knowledge involving the epidemiology and etiology,pathogenesis and immunity,molecular evolution,and protein functions of POWV,aiming to increase our understanding of the virus and unlock the potential to control this lethal *** data may also provide tools to minimize the future threat of other emerging and re‐emerging viruses.

关键词： Powassan virus(POWV) Deer tick virus(DTV) Tick‐borne flavivirus(TBFV) Tick zoonotic disease Encephalitis