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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 158-168页

作者： Kaijun Tong Juan He Shaoqun Dong Futing Sun Peiyuan Chen Yi Tong CNOOC International Ltd Beijing100028China College of Science China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

The Asmari Formation in the G oilfield on the Iran-Iraq border is a fractured-porous multi-lithology mixed reservoir, for which fracture is an important factor affecting oil productivity and water cut. The characterization and modeling of fractures in the carbonate reservoir of G oilfield are challenging due to weak conventional well log responses of fractures and a lack of specific logs, such as image logs. This study proposes an integrated approach for characterizing and modeling fractures in the carbonate reservoir. The features, formation mechanism, influencing factors, and prediction methods of fractures in the Asmari Formation carbonate reservoirs of G oilfield were studied using core observation, thin section, image log, cross-dipole acoustic log (CDAL), geomechanics numerical simulation (GNS), and production data. According to CDAL-based fracture density interpretation, GNS-based fracture intensity prediction between wells, and DFN-based rock fracture properties modeling, the quantitative fracture characterization for G oilfield was realized. This research shows that the fractures in the Asamri Formation are mainly medium-to high-angle shear fractures. The substantial compression stress during the Miocene played a major role in the formation of the prominent fractures and determined their trend in the region, with primary trends of NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW. The fracture distribution has regularity, and the fractures in zone A dolomites are more highly developed than that in zone B limestones vertically. Horizontally, fractures intensity is mainly controlled by faults and structural location. The results of this study may benefit the optimization of well design during field development. From 2019 to 2021, three horizontal wells pilot tests were deployed in the fractures belt in zone A, and these fractures prominently increased the permeability of tight dolomite reservoirs. The initial production of the wells is four to five times the average production of other wells in the area, showing a good development effe

关键词： Geomechanics numerical simulation Dual-porosity model Carbonate reservoir Fracture density Asmari Formation zagros basin

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Biostratigraphy,Microfacies and Depositional Environment of the Sarvak Formation at the Pyun Anticline(zagros basin,Southwest of Iran)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第5期95卷 1647-1667页

作者： Mahtab DOUSTI MOHAJER Massih AFGHAH Mohammadsadegh DEHGHANIAN Seyed Jamal SHEIKH ZAKARIAII Department of Geology Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran Department of Geology Shiraz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShirazIran Department of Geology Bandar Abbas BranchIslamic Azad UniversityBandar AbbasIran

The Sarvak Formation is a carbonate sequence of Late Albian–Early Turonian age in zagros basin in Iran.In this investigation,the Sarvak Formation at the Pyun Anticline section(Izeh Zone)has been studied.It consists of 797 m thick limestone which overlies the Kazhdumi Formation conformably and underlies the Gurpi Formation unconformably at the Pyun Anticline.A very rich fossil association(85 genera and 132 species)characterizes the Pyun section.Based on the stratigraphic distribution of diagnosed foraminifera,five biozones are established:1,Muricohedbergella-Globigerinelloides sp.assemblage zone(Late Albian);2,Praealveolina iberica-Chrysalidina gradata interval zone(Early Cenomanian);3,Chrysalidina gradata-Cisalveolina fraasi(fallax)and C.lehneri interval zone(Middle Cenomanian);4,C.fraasi(fallax)and C.lehneri-Praetaberina bingistani assemblage zone(Late Cenomanian);5,Nezzazatinella picardi-MangashtiaDicyclina assemblage zone(Early Turonian).Based on the petrographic and sedimentological analyses,some 13 carbonate microfacies were identified.The investigated microfacies confirm a ramp-type paleoenvironment.These microfacies,from distal to proximal environments,consist of:MF1:planktonic foraminifera wackestone-packstone;MF2:Oligostegina planktonic foraminifera wackestone to packstone;MF3:planktonic-benthic foraminifers sponge spicules wackestonepackstone;MF4:rudist floatstone;MF5:rudist rudstone;MF6:bioclast intraclast grainstone;MF7:peloid intraclast grainstone;MF8:benthic foraminifers rudist grainstone-packstone;MF9:peloid bioclast grainstone-packstone;MF10:bioclast(benthic foraminifers)wackestone-packstone;MF11:peloid bioclast packstone;MF12:dacycladacea benthic foraminifera packstone-wackestone;MF13:miliolids wackestone-packstone.

关键词： Sarvak Formation biostratigraphy microfacies Pyun Izeh Zone zagros basin

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Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Facies Analysis of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation in the Western Fars Sub-basin, zagros Mountains, Iran

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2079-2097页

作者： Tahereh HABIBI Telm BOVER-ARNAL Department of Earth Sciences College of SciencesShiraz University Departament de Mineralogia Petrologia i Geologia AplicadaFacultat de Ciències de la TerraUniversitat de Barcelona

The Oligocene–Miocene carbonate record of the zagros Mountains, known as the Asmari Formation, constitutes an important hydrocarbon reservoir in southern Iran. This marine carbonate succession, which developed under tropical conditions, is explored in terms of larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy in a new section at Papoon cropping out in the western Fars sub-basin, in the south-east of the zagros belt. Facies analysis shows evidence of re-working and transport of skeletal components throughout the depositional system, interpreted here as a carbonate ramp. The foraminifera-based biozones identified include the Globigerina–Turborotalia cerroazulensis–Hantkenina Zone and Nummulites vascus–Nummulites fichteli Zone, both of Rupelian age, the Archaias asmaricus–Archaias hensoni–Miogypsinoides complanatus Zone of Chattian age and the ‘Indeterminate’ Zone of Aquitanian age. The vertical sedimentary evolution of the formation exhibits a progressive shallowing of the facies belts and thus the succession is interpreted as a high-rank low-order regressive systems tract. This long-lasting Rupelian–Aquitanian regressive event is in accordance with accepted global long-term eustatic curves. Accordingly, long-term eustatic trends would have been a factor controlling accommodation during the deposition of the Asmari Formation studied in the western Fars sub-basin.

关键词： larger foraminifera biostratigraphy sequence stratigraphy carbonate platform Oligocene zagros basin Iran

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Formation evaluation and rock type classification of Asmari Formation based on petrophysical-petrographic data:A case study in one of super fields in Iran southwest

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Petroleum 2023年第2期9卷 143-165页

作者： Raeza Mirzaee Mahmoodabadi Sadegh Zahiri Department of Geology Estahban BranchIslamic Azad UniversityEstahbanIran National Iranian South Oil Company(NISOC) AhvazIran

The Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation is one of the most important hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Middle East.The oilfield under study is one of the largest oilfields in the zagros basin with the Asmari Formation being the major reservoir rock.In this study,petrographic analyses,petrophysical data and neural network clustering techniques were used for identifying rock types in the Asmari reservoir.Facies analysis of the Asmari Formation in the study area has resulted in the definition of 1 clastic lithofacies and 14 carbonate microfacies types.Using petrophysical logs from 43 wells and their correlation with capillary pressure(Pc)curves,led to the recognition of 7 electrofacies(EF1-EF7).Microscopic evidence of Electrofacies group C1 and S1 show that the sedimentary facies of these electrofacies are most commonly found in restricted and shoal facies belts zone.Also,petrographic studies show that the sedimentary facies of C2,C3,C4,S2 and S3 were formed in the open marine,Lagoon,and Tidal flat facies belt zone of homoclinal ramp sedimentary environment during the Oligo-Miocene based on relative sea level changes respectively.The link between electrofacies and geological data indicated that both sedimentary and diagenetic processes controlled the reservoir quality of the Asmari Formation.Porosity,permeability and water saturation were used to estimate the reservoir quality of each electrofacies.EFs 1 and 2 with high porosity and permeability,low water saturation is considered as the best reservoir with regard to sedimentary textures(dolowackestone and dolograinstone)and the effect of diagenetic processes such as dolomitization processes.Vuggy,growth framework and interparticle porosities are major in EF-2,while the intercrystalline porosity is the major type in EF-1.EFs 3 and 4 show low values of porosity,permeability and high percentage of water saturations,which characterizes them as poor reservoir rocks.Finally,EF-5 is the only electrofacies in the siliciclastic parts of the Asmari reservoir,which is composed of round

关键词： Asmari formation Electrofacies Petrophysical log Rock typing zagros basin

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Lithostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy Based on Calcareous Nannofossils at the Late Campanian to Thanetian Transition in the Izeh Zone,Southwestern Iran(Eastern Neo-Tethys)

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 1017-1030页

作者： Senemari Saeedeh Faculty of Engineering Imam Khomeini International UniversityQazvinIran

This study investigates the Gurpi Formation in the northeast of Izeh,southwestern Iran.In this study,59 species and 34 genera were determined.Biostratigraphy allows the identification of zones CC21 to CC26,which is equivalent to the UC15c^(TP)-UC20d^(TP) that spans the Late Campanian to Late Maastrichtian.Subsequently,the presence of NP1 to NP6,equivalent to CNP1 to CNP8,indicates that the sequence extends to Selandian.Then the Pabdeh Formation,which dates back to Thanetian,covers the sequence.Several major changes were recorded here in order of importance.The first change is the Campanian-Maastrichtian transition,which was identified based on the last occurrence of the Aspidolithus parcus constrictus.Subsequently,the Early/Late Maastrichtian boundary was determined based on the last occurrence of Reinhardtites levis.In addition,another change in the Late Maastrichtian–Early Danian is associated with an abrupt decrease in the richness of nannofossils,although a significant increase in the abundance of Early Paleocene new species has been observed along with the abundance of Thoracosphaera spp.blooms.Eventually,the final change coincides with an increase in Iridium throughout NP1.These changes may indicate changes in environmental conditions in this part of Iran during the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in the eastern Neo-Tethys domain.

关键词： biostratigraphy calcareous nannofossils Cretaceous Paleocene zagros basin Tethys

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Impacts of Depositional Facies and Diagenesis on Reservoir Quality:A Case Study from the Rudist-bearing Sarvak Formation,Abadan Plain,SW Iran

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第1期97卷 190-206页

作者： Ali ASSADI Javad HONARMAND Seyed Ali MOALLEMI Iraj ABDOLLAHIE-FARD Geology Division Tehran Energy Consultants(TEC)TehranIran School of Earth Sciences Damghan UniversityDamghanIran Department of Petroleum Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI)TehranIran National Iranian Oil Company Exploration Directorate(NIOC)TehranIran

An integrated geological-petrophysical analysis of the rudist-bearing sequence of the Cretaceous Sarvak Formation is given one giant oilfield,and provides an improved understanding of this main reservoir in the Abadan Plain,in the zagros basin,SW Iran.The main objective of this study is to evaluate reservoir potential of the Sarvak Formation,and then to utilize the calibrated well log signature to correlate reservoir potential in un-cored wells.Eight main facies are recognized and categorized in five facies groups:lagoon,shoal,rudist-biostrome,slope,and shallow open marine,deposited on a shelf carbonate platform.Given the distribution of diagenetic products and their effects on pore systems,three diagenetic facies namely,(DF-1)low dissolution and cementation;(DF-2);high dissolution;and(DF-3)high cementation are differentiated.The initial sedimentary characteristics in combination with distribution of diagenetic products play an important role in reservoir quality heterogeneity.The effect of diagenetic processes related to disconformities mainly depends on the facies nature below these surfaces.Grain-dominated facies of shoal and rudist debris,observed below the Cenomanian–Turonian disconformity,are mostly characterized by high dissolution and interconnected pore systems.Finally,depositional and diagenetic facies in the studied wells are correlated by petrophysical well log data,leading to distribution of the reservoir zones.Data obtained can be utilized for efficient reservoir characterization of the Sarvak Formation and its equivalent units in the Arabian Plate.

关键词： upstream petroleum facies diagenesis disconformity reservoir quality rudists Sarvak Formation zagros basin

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An intelligent prediction method of fractures in tight carbonate reservoirs

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第6期49卷 1364-1376页

作者： DONG Shaoqun ZENG Lianbo DU Xiangyi BAO Mingyang LYU Wenya JI Chunqiu HAO Jingru State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China College of Science China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China College of Geoscience China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

An intelligent prediction method for fractures in tight carbonate reservoir has been established by upgrading single-well fracture identification and interwell fracture trend prediction with artificial intelligence,modifying construction of interwell fracture density model,and modeling fracture network and making fracture property equivalence.This method deeply mines fracture information in multi-source isomerous data of different scales to reduce uncertainties of fracture prediction.Based on conventional fracture indicating parameter method,a prediction method of single-well fractures has been worked out by using 3 kinds of artificial intelligence methods to improve fracture identification accuracy from 3 aspects,small sample classification,multi-scale nonlinear feature extraction,and decreasing variance of the prediction model.Fracture prediction by artificial intelligence using seismic attributes provides many details of inter-well fractures.It is combined with fault-related fracture information predicted by numerical simulation of reservoir geomechanics to improve inter-well fracture trend prediction.An interwell fracture density model for fracture network modeling is built by coupling single-well fracture identification and interwell fracture trend through co-sequential simulation.By taking the tight carbonate reservoir of Oligocene-Miocene AS Formation of A Oilfield in zagros basin of the Middle East as an example,the proposed prediction method was applied and verified.The single-well fracture identification improves over 15%compared with the conventional fracture indication parameter method in accuracy rate,and the inter-well fracture prediction improves over 25%compared with the composite seismic attribute prediction.The established fracture network model is well consistent with the fluid production index.

关键词： fracture identification by well logs interwell fracture trend prediction interwell fracture density model fracture network model artificial intelligence tight carbonate reservoir zagros basin

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Microbiostratigraphy of Kazhdumi Formation in the Northwestern Shiraz (Southwest Iran) on the Basis of Foraminifera and Calcareous Algae

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第4期85卷 777-783页

作者： Mahnaz Parvaneh-Nejad SHIRAZI Mohammad BAHRAMI Bahman REZAEE Shahin GHARAMANI Payam-e-Noor University Geology DepartmentShirazIran Shahid Bahounar Kerman University

The middle Cretaceous Kazhdumi Formation,with a thickness of 222 m,belongs to the Bangestan Group and occurs in the zagros folded zone in southwest Iran.The lower boundary with the Dariyan Formation is disconformable,which is recognized by iron oxides and glauconite.The recognized microfossils are Valvulammina sp.,Scandonea sp.,Daxia cenomana,Choffatela sp., Pseudolituonella reicheli and calcareous algae-Lithocodium aggregation（which belongs to the Sarvak Formation）,representing the beginning of Cenomanian.Other microfossils are：Ammobaculites goodlandensis,Marsonella trochus,Hemicyclammina sigali,Praechrysalidina infracretacea,Orbitolina gr.concava,Orbitolina（conicorbitolina）conica,Orbitolina subconcava,Salpingoporella sp.,Trinocladus tripolitanus,Trinocladus sp.,Permocalculus irenae and Dissocladella deserta.These microfossils can be classified into five assemblage zones.

关键词： Kazhdumi Formation Middle Cretaceous calcareous algae zagros basin

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Determination of hydrocarbon generation potential of a non-isothermal pyrolysis of Faraghun and Sarchahan Formations in Coastal Fars and the Persian Gulf,Iran

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China Geology 2021年第4期4卷 644-657页

作者： Younes Jalilian Mohammad Hossein Saberi Faculty of New Science and Technology Department of Petroleum EngineeringSemnan UniversitySemnan 35131-19111Iran

Source rock assessment is a key step in any petroleum exploration activity.The results of Rock-Eval analysis showed that Sarchahan Formation was in the late oil window,while the Faraghun and Zakeen Formations were just in the early stages of the oil window.Furthermore,Sarchahan,Zakeen and Faraghun Formations exhibited different kerogen types(types-Ⅱ,types-Ⅲand type-Ⅲ,respectively).Refining the kinetic parameters using the OPTKIN software,the error function returned error values below 0.1,indicating accurate optimization of the kinetic parameters.Based on the obtained values of activation energy,it was clear that Sarchahan Formation contained type-Ⅱkerogen with an activation energy of 48-52 kcal/mol,while Zakeen and Faraghun Formations contained type-III kerogen with activation energies of 70-80 kcal/mol and 44-56 kcal/mol,respectively.The geographical distribution of the samples studied in this work,it was found that the organic matter(OM)quantity and quality increased as one moved toward the Coastal Fars in Sarchahan Formation.The same trend was observed as one moved from the southern coasts of Iran toward the shaly and coaly portions of Faraghun Formation in the center of the Persian Gulf.

关键词： Kinetic parameters Rock-Eval pyrolysis Hydrocarbon potential Source rock Sarchahan Formation Faraghun Formation zagros basin Persian Gulf Iran

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Sedimentary Environment and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation at Khaviz Anticline, zagros Mountains, Southwest Iran

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第2期6卷 87-102页

作者： Abdolhosein Kangazian Mohammad Pasandideh Department of Geology Faculty of Sciences Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch Isfahan Iran

The Oligocene-Miocene Asmari Formation is a thick sequence of shallow water carbonates of the zagros basin. Khaviz Anticline outcrop [near Behbahan city/Iran] was studied in this research in order to interpret the facies, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation succession. In this study, twelve different microfacies types have been recognized, which can be grouped into five (micro) facies associations: peritidal, lagoon, shoal, semi restricted marine and open marine. The Asmari Formation represents sedimentation on a carbonate ramp. According to the fauna data, the Asmari Formation is Oligocene (Rupelian/Chattian) to Early Miocene (Burdigalian) in age at the study area. Eight third-order depositional sequences are identified on the basis of deepening and shallowing patterns in the microfacies. The depositional sequences 0 and 1 (Rupelian-Chattian), 2, 3 and 4 (Chattian) were referred to the lower while sequences 5 and 6 (Aquitanian) were referred to the middle and sequence 7 (Burdigalian) was referred to the upper Asmari Formation. The relative sea-level curve of the Asmari basin and its matching with the global sea-level curves documented that Global eustatic phenomena affected this basin.

关键词： Asmari Formation zagros basin Sequence Stratigraphy Sedimentary Environment Oligocene-Miocene

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