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Shaking Intensity Distribution of the April 14,2010 yushu,China earthquake

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earthquake Research in China 2010年第3期24卷 394-397页

作者： Chen Kun Yu Yanxiang Gao Mengtan Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China

Two hours after the 2010 yushu earthquake, the shaking intensity distribution was obtained using the ShakeMap Rapid Generation System Based on Site Effects, developed by the author, which integrates the information of tectonic settings, the strike and scale of causative faults, focal mechanism solutions, fault rupture process and attenuation relationship in Western China, as well as local site effects. The results are as follows：（1） The major axis of shaking intensity distribution is directed NW-SE, parallel to the yushu fault; （2） The meizoseismal area reaches an intensity IX and covers 300km^2; （3） The intensity IX area is mainly distributed in the area 40km southeast and 15km northwest of the epicenter along the causative fault; （4） Due to local soil conditions, the northwestern part of the area with intensity IX on bedrock shows an intensity Ⅷ when converting from the bedrock to the soil; （5） Areas with intensity Ⅷ, VII, VI measure 3,000km^2, 8,000km^2, and 24,000km^2, respectively.

关键词： ShakeMap Shaking Intensity yushu earthquake

earthquake deformation field characteristics associated with the 2010 yushu M_s7.1 earthquake

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 571-580页

作者： LIU YunHua SHAN XinJian QU ChunYan ZHANG GuiFang State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The spatial distribution and characterization of a heavily damaged area can be determined by studying surface ruptures of seismogenic *** the distribution of surface ruptures can be obtained shortly after they occur,then areas heavily damaged by an earthquake can be readily *** information can then be used as a guide for earthquake relief *** this paper,an intensity offset-tracking method applied to an ALOS PALSAR image is used to map the yushu earthquake rupture and to identify the faults activated by the *** displacement analysis indicates that the surface rupture is about 55 km long,running from the epicenter to the southeast,trending N310°W,with a relative displacement of～1 m characterized by sinistral *** result of range displacement observations indicates that the north wall of the fault is dominated by decreases(i.e.,uplift in line of sight observations) ,whereas in the south wall of the fault,the range displacement is dominated by increases(drops in line of sight observations) .Given the position from which the images were recorded,this means that the north wall moves westward,and the south wall move eastward,i.e.,left-lateral slip motion across the ***,an earthquake disaster assessment using computer-assisted image analysis software shows that buildings near the fault rupture have been destroyed most heavily;therefore,the shape of the heavily damage belt is controlled partially by the fault rupture's geometry and the damage degree relates to the magnitude of displacement field.

关键词： yushu earthquake offset-tracking surface rupture earthquake disaster assessment

Relocation of the yushu M_S7.1 earthquake and its aftershocks in 2010 from HypoDD

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第2期56卷 182-191页

作者： WANG WeiLai WU JianPing FANG LiHua WANG ChangZai Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration

After the yushu M S 7.1 earthquake on April 14,2010,a large number of aftershocks were recorded by the surrounding permanent network and temporary seismic *** to the distribution of stations,knowledge about velocity structure,the reliability of seismic phases,and so on,the location result from conventional method is usually of low precision,from which it is difficult to recognize the spatial and temporal distribution and the trends of aftershock *** this paper,by using teleseismic waveforms recorded by permanent station,the seismic velocity structure beneath the vicinity is obtained from receiver function stacking and inversion *** the yushu earthquake sequences are relocated from seismic phase data by *** results show that the yushu M S 7.1 earthquake occurred at 13 km depth;the aftershock sequences were distributed mainly in the NWW along the Garzê-yushu fault,and most aftershocks were concentrated in a 100 km length and 5-20 km *** with the velocity structure,it can be inferred that the earthquake mainly destroys the high-velocity layer of the upper *** the west of the seismic fault near(33.3°N,96.2°E),the aftershock sequences were distributed like a straight column,suggesting there was a comminuted break from 25km depth to the ground.

关键词： yushu earthquake double-difference algorithm aftershock distribution

Post-earthquake building damage assessment in yushu using airborne SAR imagery

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earthquake Science 2011年第5期24卷 463-473页

作者： Dingjian Jin Xiaoqing Wang Aixia Dou Yanfang Dong Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China

The synthetic aperture radar （SAR） plays an important role in earthquake emergency response because of its all-time and all-weather imaging capabilities. On April 14, 2010, an Ms7.1 earthquake occurred in yushu county, Qinghai province of China, causing a lot of buildings collapsed. In this paper, the building damage in yushu city due to the earthquake was assessed quantitatively using high-resolution X-band airborne SAR image. The features of the buildings with different damage levels （collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed） in the SAR image were analyzed first. Based on these building features, we interpreted the individual building damage in yushu city block by block and got the numbers of the collapsed, partial collapsed and non-collapsed buildings separately for each block, referring to pre-earthquake QuickBird image when necessary. Let the damage index of individual collapsed, partial collapsed, non-collapsed building be 1, 0.5, 0 respectively, the remote sensing damage index of each block was then calculated through remote sensing damage index equation. Finally, the preliminary quantitative relationship between the remote sensing damage index interpreted from the SAR image and that interpreted from the optical image was built up. It can be concluded that a desirable damage assessment result can be derived from high-resolution airborne SAR imagery.

关键词： SAR remote sensing yushu earthquake damage assessment seismic damage index manual interpretation

Seismic relocation,focal mechanism and crustal seismic anisotropy associated with the 2010 yushu M_S7.1 earthquake and its aftershocks

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earthquake Science 2012年第1期25卷 111-119页

作者： Bo Zhao Yutao Shi Yuan Gao China earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045China Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The 2010 yushu MsT.1 earthquake occurred in Ganzi-yushu fault, which is the south boundary of Bayan Har block. In this study, by using double difference algorithm, the locations of mainshock （33.13°N, 96.59°E, focal depth 10.22 km） and more than 600 aftershocks were obtained. The focal mechanisms of the mainshock and some aftershocks with Ms〉3.5 were estimated by jointly using broadband velocity waveforms from Global Seismic Network （GSN） and Qinghai Seismic Network as well. The focal mechanisms and relocation show that the strike of the fault plane is about 125° （WNW-ESE）, and the mainshock is left-laterally strikeslip. The parameters of shear-wave splitting were obtained at seismic stations of YUS and L6304 by systematic analysis method of shear-wave splitting （SAM） method. Based on the parameters of shear-wave splitting and focal mechanism, the characteristics of stress field in seismic source zone were analyzed. The directions of polarization at stations YUS and L6304 are different. It is concluded that after the mainshock and the Ms6.3 aftershock on April 14, the stress-field was changed.

关键词： yushu earthquake double difference algorithm focal mechanism shear-wave splitting stress

Coseismic Effect Simulation of yushu M_S 7.1 earthquake and Absolute Gravity Inspection

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earthquake Research in China 2013年第4期27卷 458-466页

作者： Tan Hongbo Shen Chongyang Xing Leling Li Hui Chen Shi Laboratory of earthquake Geodesy Institute of SeismologyCEA Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration

Using the results of aftershock relocation, inversion on seismic waves and InSAR results, and surface rupture displacements obtained by geological survey after the earthquake, this paper constructs a fault model of the yushu Ms7. 1 earthquake. Based on rectangular dislocation theory in an elastic-viscoelastic layered medium, we have simulated the co- seismic deformation and gravity change with gravitational effect considered. The pictures show that the absolute gravity measuring point is beside the extremum of coseismic gravity change, and the numerical value reaches 25.02 x 10-Sm. s-2. After a discussion about the gravity changes before the earthquake and the coherence consistency between two FG-5 absolute gravimeters, we think that the measured value 27.2 × 10^-8 m· s^-2 at yushu station is coseismic gravity change. It＇s coincident with the simulation results based on dislocation theory. Therefore it is a good tool to test the near-field changes found by dislocation theory.

关键词： yushu earthquake Dislocation Coseismic simulation Absolute gravity

High altitude headache occurs frequently among construction workers in yushu

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Engineering Sciences 2013年第2期11卷 61-67页

作者： Wu Tianyi Li Shuzhi Jin Xinhui Zhang Jianqing High Altitude Medical Research Institute High Altitude Medical Research Center Tibet University Tibet Military General Hospital of PLA Qinghai Cardio-Cerebro Hospital The Qinghai Red Cross Hospital

The aim was to measure the incidence of high altitude headache （HAH） and to determine clinical features, as well as the relation between acute mountain sickness （AMS） and HAH through a prospective study. We conducted a questionnaire-based study among construction workers in yushu after a serious earthquake ; they were under reconstruction using a structured questionnaire incorporating International Headache Society （IHS） and AMS Lake Louise Scoring System. A total of 608 workers were enrolled after their first ascent to altitudes of 3 750-4 528 m. The results showed that 96 % reported at least 1 HAil（median 3.8, range from 1 to 10） in workers at a mean altitude of 4 250 m. The magnitude of headache was divided as mild（38 %）, moderate （44 % ） and severe （18 %）. This study indicates that HAH is the most common symptom of acute altitude exposure and closely corre- lated with altitude （r=0.165, p〈0.001）. However, 52 % of headache was one of the main symptoms of AMS, while the other 48 % was the sole symptom of HAH. On the contrary we found that 2 % of AMS without headache, thus the ＂painless AMS＂ actually existed. The clinical features of HAH are presented, and the relationship between AMS and HAH is discussed.

关键词： yushu earthquake reconstruction acute mountain sickness high altitude headache

Subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema: A clinical observation of 12 cases in yushu

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Engineering Sciences 2013年第2期11卷 29-33页

作者： Li Shuzhi Zheng Bihai Wu Tianyi Chen Huixing Zhang Ming Tibet Military General Hospital of PLA High Altitude Medical Research Institute High Altitude Medical Research Center Tibet University Qinghai Cardio-Cerebro Hospital Qinghai People's Hospital

During the yushu earthquake on April 14,2010,a high incidence of acute high altitude illness was observed in the mountain rescuers,and 0.73 % of these patients suffered from high altitude pulmonary edema,of which 12 patients developed subclinical pulmonary edema and concomitantly contracted acute mountain sickness. Symptoms and signs were atypically high heart rate with high respiratory rate,striking cyanosis,and significantly low oxygen saturation,whereas no moist rates were heard on auscultation,and Chest X-ray showed peripheral with a patchy distribution of mottled infiltrations in one or both lung fields. We believe that subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema is an earliest stage of pulmonary edema at high altitude. The possible pathogenesis and the diagnosis were discussed.

关键词： yushu earthquake rescuers subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema clinical features

Multi-parameters of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Anomalies of the earthquake

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earthquake Research in China 2016年第4期30卷 500-512页

作者： Lu Xian Meng Qingyan Gu Xingfa Zhang Xiaodong Xiong Pan Ma Weiyu Xie Tao China earthquake Networks Center China Earthquake Administration Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth China Academy of Sciences Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration

Temporal and spatial anomalies associated with the yushu earthquake, including the Outgoing Longwave Radiation( OLR), the Land Surface Temperature( LST) and surface temperature from the National Center for Environmental Prediction( NCEP) are studied using thermal infrared remote sensing data in this paper. All results confirmed the previous observations of thermal anomalies in the seismic region prior to this *** the multi-parameter anomalies, the underground water temperature anomaly appeared first and lasted for the longest time; OLR anomaly,an infrared parameter which indicates the radiation characteristics of the land surface medium,was the first to be detected; LST anomalies appeared later than OLR. NCEP temperature indicates the average atmosphere temperature with a certain vertical thickness; therefore,it was the last detected anomaly. The anomalies of OLR and LST lasted for a similar time length and were all located in the south or southwest of the epicenter.

关键词： yushu earthquake Multi-parameters Thermal anomaly