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Casual sex and concurrent sexual partnerships among young people from an Yi community with a high prevalence of HIV in China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 758-765页

作者： Yi Yang Rong-Sheng Luan Peng Liu Chun-Lin Wu Ying Zhou Wen Chen West China Medical School of Public Health Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137China

Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan province, China, has a high prevalence of HIV infection, which is reflective of a change in the mode of transmission from injection drug use （IDU） to heterosexual intercourse. However, few studies focus on HIV-related heterosexual risk behaviours among the majority Yi population. The objectives of this study were to explore the characteristics of an egocentric sexual network and estimate the prevalence of casual sexual behaviour. Yi villagers （n= 108）, aged 15-35 years, who reported having had sex within the previous year were interviewed as to their sexual behaviours and networks. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions provided supplementary information on sexual norms. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate unadjusted odds ratios （ORs） and 95% confidence intervals （CIs）. Most of the respondents reported having had casual sex at some time in their life, and 66.7% reported multiple sexual partnerships. Only 21.3% reported ever having used a condom. During the study year, a total of 137 partners were involved in 153 sexual partnerships. Among the reported sexual partnerships, 67.3% originated from a casual sexual relationship. For network members in components of size ≥3, 56,9% were involved in concurrent sexual partnerships. Having never been married （OR： 2.11; 95% CI： 1.03-4.33） and younger age （OR： 0.89; 95% CI： 0.83-0.95） were both associated with being in a component of size ≥3. Size （OR： 2.99; 95% Ch 1.17-7.66）, pair （OR： 0.54; 95% Ch 0.039-0.74）, the number of weak components of the egocentric sexual network （OR- 30.04; 95% Ch 6.47-139.46） and gender （OR. 0. 19; 95% Ch. 0.06-0.67） were all associated with being in concurrent sexual partnerships. HIV-related interventions for the Yi ethnic minority in Sichuan province must therefore address concurrent sexual partnerships and promote condom use.

关键词： AIDS China concurrent sexual partnership egocentric ethnic minority HIV sexual behaviour sexual network Yi

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Unreliable Paratexts in Intralingual Translation: A Case Study of an Excerpted English Translation of San Guo Yan Yi

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2019年第1期5卷 116-137页

作者： Wenqing Peng Soochow University

This paper contains a charge of plagiarism in which Cheung Yik-man, the translator of a classic Chinese novel San Guo Yan Yi, failed to acknowledge the existing translation by Yang XianYi and Gladys Yang while Cheung's retranslation is extremely close to Yangs' with some changes only in the first two chapters. In this case, paratexts to Cheung Yikman's version covered up the behaviour of plagiarism, which is different from Lawrence Venuti's discussion of paratexts' function in his 2004 essay as "an immediate form of intertextuality" and "make[s] explicit the competing interpretation". This article examines the unreliability of paratexts in intralingual translation, based on a case in English translations of San Guo Yan Yi: Cheung Yik-man's translation of "The Battle of the Red Cliff" excerpted from the novel.

关键词： retranslation paratexts plagiarism San Guo Yan Yi English translation

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Developing Ethical Leadership in China:The Value of Confucian Virtue Ethics

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2020年第4期15卷 586-611页

作者： YUAN Li School of Philosophy Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

Most research into ethical leadership depends on Western corporate experience,however current research findings may not fit the Chinese context.As a result,it is necessary to appeal to indigenous and traditional Chinese sources of wisdom when defining and evaluating ethical leadership in China.Both rule-following ethics and instrumental approaches,which are mainly used in recent empirical studies about ethical leadership,cannot enable people to have inner motivation to behave ethically.Accordingly,this article intends to establish an ethical leadership model in China by appealing to Conflician virtue ethics.A Confucian ethical leader possesses benevolence(ren仁)inside and treats others in a proper way according to ritual and rites(li禮).He/she makes self-cultivation as the first priority and is a virtuous role model,influencing others in a natural way by of his/her moral charisma.For such a person,economic profitableness is not a primary concern,where instead the goals,strategies and practices of his/her organization are defined by the principle of righteousness(Yi義).

关键词： Confucian virtue ethical leadership self-cultivation ren Yi li

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Emotional Attachment and Its Limits: Mengzi, Gaozi and the Guodian Discussions

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2019年第1期14卷 132-151页

作者： Karyn Lai School of Humanities and Languages University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

Mengzi maintained that both benevolence (ren 仁)and rightness (Yi 義)are naturally-given in human nature. This view has occupied a dominant place in Confucian intellectual history. In Mencius 6A, Mengzi's interlocutor, Gaozi, contests this view, arguing that rightness is determined by (doing what is fitting, in line with) external circumstances. I discuss here some passages from the excavated Guodian texts, which lend weight to Gaozi's view. The texts reveal nuanced considerations of relational proximity and its limits, setting up requirements for moral action in scenarios where relational ties do not play a motivational role. I set out Yi's complexity in these discussions, highlighting its implications for (i) the nei-wai debate;(ii) the notion of Yi as "rightness," or doing the right thing;and (iii) how we can understand the connection between virtue and right action in these early Confucian debates. This material from the excavated texts not only provides new perspectives on a longstanding investigation of human nature and morality, it also challenges prevailing views on Warring States Confucian intellectual history.

关键词： Confucian philosophy Mengzi Mencius human nature Gaozi Guodian cultivation emotions rightness Yi and ren

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Mining, Bridges, Opium, and Guns： Chinese Investment and State Power in a Late Qing Frontier

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第3期10卷 372-394页

作者： Joseph Lawson School of History Classics and Archaeology Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE17RU UK

In the last three decades of its rule, the Qing government attempted to establish Chinese-style administration in many of the empire＇s non-Hart territories, and, in conjunction with non-government actors, foster land cultivation, Han migration, Chinese education, and industries such as mining. This paper investigates these processes in Liangshan, in upland Southwest China. Here, attempts to establish Chinese administration came only in 1907, after a period of substantial private and state investment in mining, transport infrastructure, and, to a lesser extent, land cultivation. Government officials often assumed that such things would aid the political integration in China, but as this paper argues, the consequences were more complicated than that. Although better transport simplified the logistics of government military campaigns, increased commercial activity in the region also allowed its indigenes to acquire firearms for the first time.

关键词： mining opium road gun Liangshan Yi

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Poverty Alleviation in Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County by Promoting Labor Migration

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Asian Agricultural Research 2019年第9期11卷 56-64页

作者： Chenhao LU Zisheng YANG Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development Institute Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

The transfer of rural population to urban areas is the inevitable result of China s economic development,and going out to work is an important poverty alleviation model for poor areas to adapt to this historical trend.StudYing its typical practices not only has practical guidance and reference for targeted poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation work,but also has important implications for how to rationally allocate regional population,resources,environment and economy.This paper investigates and explores the labor migration-promoting poverty alleviation model in Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in the Wumeng mountainous area,a national concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken area.On the basis of sorting out the leadership system,training methods,assistance ideas,working mechanism and poverty alleviation achievements,the income of 50 poverty-free households in 2018 was investigated and analyzed specifically.The results show that the poverty alleviation in Xundian County has achieved significant achievements both in macro and individual farmers,and it has played a decisive role in getting rid of poverty for households with migrant workers.In addition,the successful experience of Xundian County to increase income and get rid of poverty is sorted out,and the problems existing in this model are analyzed.It is believed that attention should be paid to the impact of labor migration on rural land use and citizenization of migrant workers.

关键词： Targeted poverty alleviation Going out to work for increasing income Rural land use Citizenization of migrant workers Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County

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Casual Sex among 89 Young Men from 8 Yi Villages in China

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2011年第4期22卷 247-253页

作者： Yi YANG Rong-sheng LUAN Peng LIU Chun-lin WU Ying ZHOU West China Medical School of Public Health Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611337 China

Objective To explore prevalence of casual sex among the Yi. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 89 Yi male villagers was used. In-depth interview, interview and focus group discussion were used to collect supplementary information. Results About 96.63% respondents had had casual sex at some time in their life, and 78. 65% had had multiple partners （maximum number was 40）; 41.57% respondents had heard of condoms, but only 20.22% had used them and no one used them consistently. In the past one year, 26.97% had had multiple partners （maximum number was 6）. Conclusion Casual sex is a Yi young men＇s lifestyle, but is denied. It is urgent for researchers and policy makers to pay attention to casual sex.

关键词： sexual behaviour casual sex Yi AIDS China

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Changes in Utilization of Contracted Land in Xundian County of Yunnan Province in the Background of Poverty Alleviation

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Asian Agricultural Research 2020年第1期12卷 1-5,9页

作者： Chenhao LU Zisheng YANG Institute of Land&Resources and Sustainable Development Yunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunming 650221China

The gradual migration of rural population to cities is an inevitable result of the sustainable development of China’s society and economy.Going out to work is not only a personal behavior of farmers in line with this historical trend,and in the present moment,it is also an important measure to win the battle against poverty.Xundian Yi and Hui Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province.It is one of the key counties in China’s poverty alleviation and development work.Through the implementation of special measures to increase labor income,a total of 125611 rural laborers were employed from 2014 to 2018,and as a result,a large number of farmers have been lifted out of poverty.However,under this model,the transfer of a large number of rural laborers also has an impact on the utilization of contracted land of migrant households,mainly demonstrated by land abandonment,decline in land use efficiency and decline in land productivity,which are not conducive to the sustainable use and protection of land resources.To this end,based on field research,this article analyzes the changes in the utilization of land of migrant households under the poverty alleviation model of working outside,as well as their impact.In addition,the questionnaire survey of the registered poverty-stricken households show that the area and productivity of land owned by households with migrant workers are on a downward trend compared to those before and those of households without migrant workers.Land transfer is a feasible means to solve this problem and to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and sustainable use of land resources.It is suggested that great attention should be paid to the contract and management issue of land left by migrant households,establishment of efficient guarantee mechanism,improvement of land utilization and promotion of saving and intensive use of land resources to bring the land resources to their proper value.

关键词： Targeted poverty alleviation Labor migration Rural land use Land transfer Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County

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彝药“麻补”止血活性物质基础及机理研究

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世界科学技术-中医药现代化 2014年第1期16卷 177-180页

作者：尹鸿翔文飞燕张浩成都中医药大学民族医药学院成都 611137 四川大学华西药学院成都 610064

目的:阐明彝药"麻补"(狭叶重楼)的止血活性物质基础及机理。方法:采用植物化学技术从"麻补"药材中分离鉴定出一种C27甾体皂苷类化合物——重楼皂苷H(PSH)。测定了PSH对正常小鼠的断尾出血时间(BT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活... 详细信息

目的:阐明彝药"麻补"(狭叶重楼)的止血活性物质基础及机理。方法:采用植物化学技术从"麻补"药材中分离鉴定出一种C27甾体皂苷类化合物——重楼皂苷H(PSH)。测定了PSH对正常小鼠的断尾出血时间(BT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)等凝血功能指标的影响。结果:PSH可显著缩短BT,显示出明显的止血活性;PSH对缩短正常小鼠PT、APTT作用不明显,但可显著提高FIB。结论:重楼皂苷H对内源凝血通路及外源凝血通路无明显促进作用,PSH升高FIB为其发挥止血活性的重要途径。

关键词：彝药“麻补” 止血活性物质基础及机理 Yi medicine Ma-Bu

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Intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine Yi Tang Kang on metabolic syndrome of spleen deficiency

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第2期8卷 162-168页

作者： Xiao-Xi Liu Yan Shi Department of endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of TMC

Objective:To investigate effects of herbal compound Yi Tang Kang on the spleen deficiency metabolic syndrome.Methods:Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:the normal control group and the MS spleen deficiency syndrome group.The control group rats were fed with standard diet and water,while MS spleen deficiency syndrome group with high fat diet and low dose intraperitoneal injection of slreptozocin.which swam to the endurance limit.After 12 weeks,the MS spleen deficiency syndrome group was randomly divided into two groups,with 13 rats in each group.Flats in model group were fed with high fat diet and conlinuouly administered with daily saline,and rats in intervention group with high fat diet were trated with traditional Chinese medicines Yi Tang Kang by gavage,2 mL/200 g at the same lime every day.10 weeks later,the expression of serum proteomics was investigated through abdominal aortic puncture and separation of serum,using isotope labeling technique,high performance liquid chromatography and four bar-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.Results:After treatment with traditional Chinese medicine Yitangkang,in the model group,important carboxylesterase and retinal guanylate cyclase 2 precursor were upregulated.As for intervention group,these indesxes were raised,but immunoglobulin IgG,carnitine acetyltransferase,tubulin beta-5,and Gan Lu sugar binding protein C were down-regulated.At the same time,some new biological active substances,such as protein tyrosine kinase,beta glucosidase were also found.Conclusions:Traditional Chinese medicines Yi Tang Kang could regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome.

关键词： Spleen deficiency syndrome Yi Tang Kang Proteomics

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