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Use of Stream and Dismembered Stream Valleys Now Crossing wyoming’s Northern Laramie Mountains to Test a Recently Proposed Regional Geomorphology Paradigm, USA

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Open Journal of Geology 2019年第11期9卷 731-751页

作者： Eric Clausen Independent Investigator Jenkintown PA USA

Detailed topographic maps show multiple stream valleys and what are probably dismembered stream valleys that extend completely across wyoming’s northern Laramie Mountains. Several of the most obvious valleys are described with valley origins first explained (or attempted to be explained) from the commonly accepted regional geomorphology paradigm (accepted paradigm) perspective and second from a recently proposed regional geomorphology paradigm (new paradigm) perspective in an effort to determine which of the two paradigms provides the simplest explanations. Accepted paradigm explanations require at least some of the valley erosion to have occurred prior to deposition of Oligocene and Miocene sediments that once covered the northern Laramie Mountains (with some of the exhumed valleys now containing sediment cover remnants). In contrast the fundamentally different new paradigm requires immense south-oriented continental ice sheet melt water floods to have crossed the region as ice sheet related crustal warping raised the region and the Laramie Mountains (and implies sediments now partially filling some of the valleys are probably flood deposited materials). The new paradigm provides simpler explanations for the origins of the valleys now extending completely across the northern Laramie Mountains and also for their related barbed tributaries, truncated side valleys, and drainage route U-turns than the accepted paradigm, although the new paradigm also leads to a fundamentally different middle and late Cenozoic regional geologic history than is currently recognized. One paradigm cannot be used to judge a different paradigm, but the paradigms can be compared based on their ability to explain evidence and Occam’s Razor can determine which of the two paradigms provides the simplest explanations. New paradigm explanations for northern Laramie Mountains valley origins investigated here require fewer assumptions than the accepted paradigm explanations suggesting the new paradi

关键词： Barbed Tributary Bates Hole Dugway Rim Little Medicine Bow River North Platte River Through Valley wyoming

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美国马传贫强毒wyoming株人工接种中国马病理形态学观察

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中国预防兽医学报 1987年第2期 47-50页

作者：褚桂芳尹训南相文华吴东来曹志平中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所

多年来我们对中国马传贫病理解剖学、免疫形态学进行了大量研究,但所用的强毒株均为国内分离株。应用国外马传贫强毒感染中国马尚属空白。为了探讨国外毒株与国内毒株在引起病理变化上的异同,开展了此项工作。材料和方法一,试验马:共27... 详细信息

多年来我们对中国马传贫病理解剖学、免疫形态学进行了大量研究,但所用的强毒株均为国内分离株。应用国外马传贫强毒感染中国马尚属空白。为了探讨国外毒株与国内毒株在引起病理变化上的异同,开展了此项工作。材料和方法一,试验马:共27匹,年龄4～6岁,人工接种wyoming株(剂量为原液～10)20匹,接种中国辽毒株(10)7匹,根据其临床表现,按中国传贫马、驴病理分型标

关键词：马传贫强毒活动型急性型 wyoming 红髓人工接种美国美利坚合众国北美洲中华人民共和国

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Investigating the relationship between crash severity,traffic barrier type,and vehicle type in crashes involving traffic barrier

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 125-136页

作者： Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan Mahdi Rezapour Khaled Ksaibati Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering California Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA 93407USA wyoming Technology Transfer Center Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA

Roadside safety is one of the important components of highway systems due to its considerable rate of high-severity *** barriers play a key role in reducing the crash severity and saving more lives on roadsides but choosing an inappropriate traffic barrier could decrease traffic barriers’*** paper investigated the variables affecting crash severity in different traffic barrier types(cable,guardrail,and rigid)and vehicle types(truck,and non-truck).For this purpose,an ordinal logistic regression approach was conducted on the crash data collected between 2007 and 2016 in *** to the results,different traffic barrier types show different relationships to crash severity based on posted speed limit at the *** guardrail segments,a high-severity crash is more likely when the posted speed limit is more than 55 mph;however,cable barrier crashes were less severe in high-speed limit(>55 mph)*** light vehicles were more vulnerable to crashes hitting rigid barriers,no significant difference was found between performances of cable and rigid barriers in terms of truck crash *** analytical models proposed in this study would make a clear view for designers and decision-makers in selecting the most appropriate traffic ***,the effective factors introduced in each model could be used to rank the risk posed by existing traffic barrier segments based on traffic barrier type,truck volume percentage,and other highway characteristics.

关键词： Traffic barrier Roadside safety Truck Crash severity Ordinal logistic regression wyoming

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Modeling traffic barriers crash severity by considering the effect of traffic barrier dimensions

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2019年第2期27卷 141-151页

作者： Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan Mahdi Rezapour Khaled Ksaibati wyoming Technology Transfer Center Department of Civil&Architectural EngineeringUniversity of Wyoming

Traffic barriers are in widespread all around the USA as safety countermeasures for reducing the severity of run-off-road crashes. The effect of traffic barriers’ dimension had been ignored in past real-world crash studies due to the considerable cost and time needed for collecting field data. This paper presented two new analytical models to investigate the effect of different variables on the severity of crashes involving traffic barriers, and end treatments. For this reason, a field survey was conducted on over 1.3 million linear feet of traffic barriers (approximately 4,176 miles road) in wyoming to measure traffic barriers’ geometric features like height, length, offset, and slope rate. The collected data included 55% of all non-interstate roads of wyoming. Based on results, the crashes involving box beam barriers were less severe than the crashes involved with W-beam or concrete barriers. The traffic barriers with a height between 28 and 31 in. were found safer than the traffic barriers shorter than 28 in., while there was no significant difference between the traffic barriers taller than 31 in. to those shorter than 28 in. in terms of crash severity. The end treatments located nearer to the traffic lane had lower crash severity.

关键词： Crash severity Run-off-road crashes Traffic barriers End treatments Traffic barrier dimensions Real-world crash analysis wyoming

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