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Endogenous Innovation,the organization of work and Institutional Context

Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2006年第4期4卷 373-384页

作者： LORENZ Edward GREDEG University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis Valbonne France

Drawing on the results of the third Community Innovation Survey and the third European working Conditions Survey, this paper develops aggregate indicators at the national level of innovation modes and forms of work organization for the 15 member nations of the European Union in 2000. The analysis based on these indicators demonstrates that there is a close connection between how people work and learn in a country and the way firms＇ innovate. Specifically, it shows that in nations where work is organized to support high levels of discretion in solving complex problems firms tend to be more active in terms of endogenous innovation, i.e. innovation developed, at least to some degree, in house. In countries where learning and problem-solving on the job are more constrained, and little discretion is left to the employee, firms tend to engage in a supplier-dominated innovation strategy. The technological renewal of these firms reflects, almost exclusively, absorption of innovations developed elsewhere.

关键词： endogenous innovation work organization social capital

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Why Brazilian Women Are Not on Top： The work-Life Reconciliation Hypothesis

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Chinese Business Review 2017年第1期16卷 47-53页

作者： Marcia Cristina Esteves Agostinho University Estacio de Sa Rio de Janeiro Brazil

The female presence in middle management is already significant in Brazil. Yet, women hold only 7% of the board seats. Why are there so few women in corpomtive top ranks？ Is it possible that prejudice and sexism work selectively, allowing women to ascend not beyond a certain point in corporate hierarchy？ This paper rejects such a perspective and aims at understanding the dynamics that drive women against the executive suite. The premise beneath this research is that women are not victims, but autonomous individuals. In order to test the hypothesis of Brazilian women choosing not to ascend, the first step was to analyze Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics＇（IBGE） data on work force and employment. Thereafter, the research explores the possibility that organizational dynamics is a major factor for women to deal with work-life issues. Studies of scientific organizations show that flexibility helps conciliate work and life. The conclusion is： if corporations could emulate the scientific organizational environment, probably they would not only attract more women to the executive suite, but also adapt to a transforming society.

关键词： women top-management work-life balance work organization

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Epidemiological Aspects of Burnout Among Physicians at the University Hospital Centers (CHU) of Dakar, Senegal

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第S2期14卷 528-540页

作者： El Hadji Makhtar Ba Bocar Baïla Diédhiou Sokhna Seck Momar Camara Fatoumata Ba Cinthia Déo-Gracias Sènami Houenassou Jean Augustin Diégane Tine Khadim Fall Mbayang Ndiaye Mor Ndiaye Aida Sylla Psychiatry Department FMPO UCAD Dakar Senegal Occupational Medicine Department FMPO UCAD Dakar Senegal Department of Psychiatry and Human Physiology Universit Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal Institut de Recherche en Psychopathologie ISED Dakar Sngal Psychiatry Department Hpital Militaire de This This Sngal Psychiatry Department Hpital Militaire de Ouakam Dakar Senegal

Objectives: To assess the socio-professional determinants of burnout among the medical staff of Dakar University Hospitals. The aim was to propose effective means of prevention. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study of physicians in permanent contact with patients at the Fann and Aristide Le Dantec teaching hospitals in Dakar, Senegal. Results: A total of 159 doctors were included in the study, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.3 in favor of men. The prevalence of burnout was 91.8%. Burnout was significantly associated (p Conclusion: Burnout is a threat to doctors at university hospitals in Senegal. It has several determinants linked above all to work organization. It is essential to set up psychological support units in hospitals and integrate occupational medicine into various organizational processes.

关键词： Burn Out Physicians work organization Mental Health Senegal

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