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Molecular Dissection of Xylan Biosynthesis during wood formation in Poplar

Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 730-747页

作者： Chanhui Lee Quincy Teng Ruiqin Zhong Zheng-Hua Ye Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA National Exposure Research Laboratory US Environmental Protection Agency Athens GA 30605 USA

Xylan, being the second most abundant polysaccharide in dicot wood, is considered to be one of the factors contributing to wood biomass recalcitrance for biofuel production. To better utilize wood as biofuel feedstock, it is crucial to functionally characterize all the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis during wood formation. In this report, we investigated roles of poplar families GT43 and GT8 glycosyltransferases in xylan biosynthesis during wood formation. There exist seven GT43 genes in the genome of poplar （Populus trichocarpa）, five of which, namely PtrGT43A, PtrGT43B, PtrGT43C, PtrGT43D, and PtrGT43E, were shown to be highly expressed in the developing wood and their encoded proteins were localized in the Golgi. Comprehensive genetic complementation coupled with chemical analyses demonstrated that overexpression of PtrGT43A/B/E but not PtrGT43C/D was able to rescue the xylan defects conferred by the Arabidopsis irx9 mutant, whereas overexpression of PtrGT43C/D but not PtrGT43A/B/E led to a complementation of the xylan defects in the Arabidopsis irx14 mutant. The essential roles of poplar GT43 members in xylan biosynthesis was further substantiated by RNAi down-regulation of GT43B in the hybrid poplar （Populus alba x tremula） leading to reductions in wall thickness and xylan content in wood, and an elevation in the abundance of the xylan reducing end sequence. wood digestibility analysis revealed that cellulase digestion released more glucose from the wood of poplar GT43B RNAi lines than the control wood, indicating a decrease in wood biomass recalcitrance. Furthermore, RNAi down-regulation of another poplar wood-associated glycosyltransferase, PoGTSD, was shown to cause decreases in wall thickness and xylan content as well as in the abundance of the xylan reducing end sequence. Together, these findings demonstrate that the poplar GT43 members form two functionally non-redundant groups, namely PtrGT43A/B/E as functional orthologs of Arabidopsis IRX9 and PtrG

关键词： Glycosyltransferase GT8 family GT43 family poplar wood formation xylan.

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wood of trees:Cellular structure,molecular formation,and genetic engineering

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 443-467页

作者： Yingying Zhu Laigeng Li State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature,making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material ***,wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial ***,with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization,forest coverage has been substantially decreased,resulting in significant challenges for wood production and *** production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation ***,understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality,fast-growing plantation *** ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of *** studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular,genetic,and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation,and considerable progress and findings have been *** studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree *** review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation,as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees,and address future development prospects.

关键词： cambium cell wall Populus wood formation xylem

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Different xylogenesis responses to atmospheric water demand contribute to species coexistence in a mixed pine–oak forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 51-62页

作者： Marín Pompa-García J.Julio Camarero Michele Colangelo Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales de la Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Río Papaloapan y Blvd.Durango S/N Col.Valle del SurDurangoMéxico Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología(IPE-CSIC) Avda.Montanna 1005ZaragozaSpain School of Agricultural ForestFood and Environmental SciencesUniv.BasilicataPotenzaItaly

Seasonal patterns of wood formation(xylogenesis)remain understudied in mixed pine-oak forests despite their contribution to tree coexistence through temporal niche *** was assessed in three pine species(Pinus cembroides,Pinus leiophylla,Pinus engelmannii)and one oak(Quercus grisea)coexisting in a semi-arid Mexican *** main xylogenesis phases(production of cambium cells,radial enlargement,cell-wall thickening and maturation)were related to climate data considering 5-15-day temporal *** pines,cambium activity maximized from mid-March to April as temperature and evaporation increased,whereas cell radial enlargement peaked from April to May and was constrained by high evaporation and low ***-wall thickening peaked from June to July and in August-September as maximum temperature and vapour pressure deficit(VPD)*** of earlywood and latewood tracheids occurred in May-June and June-July,enhanced by high minimum temperatures and VPD in *** and *** oak,cambial onset started in March,constrained by high minimum temperatures,and vessel radial enlargement and radial increment maximized in April as temperatures and evaporation increased,whereas early wood vessels matured from May to June as VPD ***,15-day wet conditions enhanced cell radial enlargement in *** and ***,whereas early-summer high 15-day temperature and VPD drove cell-wall thickening in *** night conditions and high evaporation rates during spring and summer enhanced *** earlier growth peak in oak and a higher responsiveness to spring-summer water demand in pines contributed to their coexistence.

关键词： Bimodal growth Drought Vapour pressure deficit wood formation Xylem phenology

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PagGRF12a interacts with PagGIF1b to regulate secondary xylem development through modulating PagXND1a expression in Populus alba×***

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第10期63卷 1683-1694页

作者： Jinnan Wang Houjun Zhou Yanqiu Zhao Cheng Jiang Jihong Li Fang Tang Yingli Liu Shutang Zhao Jianjun Hu Xueqin Song MengZhu Lu State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State ForestryAdministrationResearch Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018China School of Agriculture Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture School of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang Agriculture&Forestry UniversityHangzhou 311300China CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Growth-regulating factors(GRFs)are important regulators of plant development and growth,but their possible roles in xylem development in woody plants remain ***,we report that Populus alba×Papulus glandulosa PagGRF12a negatively regulates xylem development in ***12a is expressed in vascular *** to non-transgenic control plants,transgenic poplar plants overexpressing PagGRF12a exhibited reduced xylem width and plants with repressed expression of PagGRF12a exhibited increased xylem *** NAC domain 1(XND1)encodes a NAC domain transcription factor that regulates xylem development and transcriptional analyses revealed that PagXND1a is highly upregulated in PagGRF12a-overexpressing plants and downregulated in PagGRF12a-suppressed plants,indicating that PagGRF12a may regulate xylem development through *** transcriptional assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed that PagGRF12a directly upregulates *** addition,PagGRF12a interacts with the GRF-Interacting Factor(GIF)PagGIF1b,and this interaction enhances the effects of PagGRF12a on *** results indicate that PagGRF12a inhibits xylem development by upregulating the expression of PagXND1a.

关键词： GRF GIF1 Populus wood formation XND1 xylem development

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Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal candidate genes regulating wood quality in Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 65-73页

作者： Shae He Yunhui Xie Xiaomei Sun Shougong Zhang Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

We studied the molecular mechanism of the quality traits of wood formation in *** used the immature latewood cells of two Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)clones with significant differences in density and in microfibrillar angle(MFA)as materials to analyze their gene expression profiles.A total of 1735 differentially expressed genes were detected in immature latewood cells of the two clones,among which,971 were up-regulated and 764 were *** gene expression profiling analysis revealed that genes encoding transcription factor members NAC66 and R2R3-MYB4,microtubule-associated protein,actin-related protein,cell wall protein members,arabinogalactan protein,Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein and glycine-rich protein,and several cell-wall-synthesis genes affected wood density and MFA by regulating latewood formation at transcriptional *** study results represent a basis for selection of quality traits and genetic improvement of larch wood.

关键词： Japanese larch wood formation Transcription regulation wood property Digital gene expression profiling

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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a high-resolution cell atlas of xylem in Populus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第11期63卷 1906-1921页

作者： Hui Li Xinren Dai Xiong Huang Mengxuan Xu Qiao Wang Xiaojing Yan Ronald R.Sederoff Quanzi Li State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Forest Biotechnology Group Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

High-throughputsingle-cellRNAsequencing(sc RNA-seq) has advantages over traditional RNA-seq to explore spatiotemporal information on gene dynamic expressions in heterogenous tissues. We performed Drop-seq, a method for the dropwise sequestration of single cells for sequencing, on protoplasts from the differentiating xylem of Populus alba × Populus glandulosa. The sc RNA-seq profiled9,798 cells, which were grouped into 12 *** characterization of differentially expressed genes in each cluster and RNA in situ hybridizations,we identified vessel cells, fiber cells, ray parenchyma cells and xylem precursor cells. Diffusion pseudotime analyses revealed the differentiating trajectory of vessels, fiber cells and ray parenchyma cells and indicated a different differentiation process between vessels and fiber cells, and a similar differentiation process between fiber cells and ray parenchyma cells. We identified marker genes for each cell type(cluster) and key candidate regulators during developmental stages of xylem cell differentiation. Our study generates a high-resolution expression atlas of wood formation at the single cell level and provides valuable information on wood formation.

关键词： differentiating trajectory differentiating xylem marker genes Populus alba×Populus glandulosa single-cell RNA-seq wood formation

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Transcriptome resources and genome-wide marker development for Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2014年第1期1卷 70-77页

作者： Wanfeng LI Suying HAN Liwang QI Shougong ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China

While the differential responses of trees to changes in climatic and environmental conditions have been demonstrated as they age,the underlying mechanisms and age control of tree growth and development are complex and poorly understood particularly at a molecular *** this paper,we present a transcriptome analysis of Larix kaempferi,a deciduous conifer that is widely-grown in the northern hemisphere and of significant ecological and economic *** high-throughput RNA sequencing,we obtained about 26 million reads from the stems of 1-,2-,5-,10-,25-and 50-year-old *** *** these with the published Roche 454 sequencing reads and the expressed sequence tags(both mainly from Larix embryogenic cell cultures),we assembled 26670549 reads into 146786 transcripts,of which we annotated 79182 to support investigations of the molecular basis of tree aging and adaption,somatic embryogenesis and wood *** these sequences we also identified many single-nucleotide polymorphisms,simple sequence repeats,and insertion and deletion markers to assist breeding and genetic diversity studies of Larix.

关键词： Larix transcriptome age wood formation somatic embryogenesis molecular marker

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