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Evolutionary history shapes variation of Wood density of tree species across the world

Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 283-293页

作者： Fangbing Li Hong Qian Jordi Sardans Dzhamal Y.Amishev Zixuan Wang Changyue Zhang Tonggui Wu Xiaoniu Xu Xiao Tao Xingzhao Huang Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA CREAF Cerdanyola del VallesBarcelona 08193Spain Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CSICBellaterraBarcelona 08193Spain Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink China Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA)School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&Technology219 Ningliu RoadNanjing 210044China Department of Natural Resources Management Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntario P7B 5E1Canada School of Forestry&Landscape of Architecture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhou 311400China

The effect of evolutionary history on Wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in Wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of Wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of Wood density among tree species.We assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of Wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global Wood density variation.We found that Wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic signal.Wood density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of Wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total Wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total Wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into account.When angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for gymnosperms.Our study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in Wood density.

关键词： Wood density Phylogeny Angiosperms Gymnosperms Climate factors Biophysical parameters

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Genetic variation of wood tracheid traits and their relationships with growth and Wood density in clones of Pinus tabuliformis

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 1014-1023页

作者： Fangqun Ouyang Jianwei Ma Sanping An Junhui Wang Yuhui Weng State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China Research Institute of Forestry of Xiaolong Mountain Tianshui 741020 Gansu People's Republic of China Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA

To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only Wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid traits by earlywood （EW） and latewood （LW）： tracheid length （TL）, double wall thickness （WT）, radial lumen diameter （R_D1）, tangential lumen diameter （T_D1）, radial central diameter （R_D2）, and tangential central diameter （T_D2）. We also studied the relationship with the following growth traits： diameter at breast height （DBH）, height （H）, crown breadth south-north axis （NSC）, crown breadth east-west axis （EWC）, ring width （RW）, latewood percentage （LWP）, and Wood density （WD）. All sample materials were collected from a 33-year old clonal seed orchard of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Genetic variation among clones was moderate for all tracheid traits, 9.49-26.03%. Clones significantly affected WT, R_D1, R_D2, T_D1, T_D2, and the two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 in EW but had no effects in LW. Clones significantly affected TL in LW but had no effects in EW. H2/C was higher in LW （0.50） than in EW （0.20） for TL, while H 2/C was higher in EW （0.27-0.46） for other tracheid traits and the two ratios （TL/T_D2 and WT/R_D1） than in EW （0.06-0.22）. WD and TL were significantly positively correlated, but WT and TL were negatively correlated both at individual and clone levels; all tracheid diameters and the four ratio values （EW_WT/ R_D1, LW WT/R_D1, EW_TL/T_D2 and LW_TL/ T_D2）, were strongly positively correlated with DBH, H, NSC, WEC and RW, and strongly negatively correlated with WD both at individual and clone levels. The most important variables for predicting WD were LW_TL, EW_WT and R_D1 in both EW and LW （r2= 0.22）. Selecting the top 10% of the clones by DBH would improve DBH growth by 12.19% （Wood density was reduced by 0.14%） and produced similar responses between EW and LW for all tracheid traits： a reduction of 0.94 and 3.69% in tracheid length and increases in tracheid diameters （from 0.36 to 5.24%） and d

关键词： Pinus tabuliformis Clone Tracheid traits Wood density Genetic variation Correlation coefficient

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Variability of European beech Wood density as influenced by interactions between treering growth and aspect

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第3期3卷 165-173页

作者： Daniela Diaconu Marc Wassenberg Heinrich Spiecker Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-University

Background： Wood density is considered to be the most important predictor of wood quality but despite its importance, diffuse-porous tree species have been the subject of only a limited number of studies. The importance of European beech forests for Central Europe calls for profound research to examine the potential impact of a warmer climate on the quality of beech timber. Methods： In this study we analysed the influence of tree-ring width and tree-ring age on the Wood density of beech, and whether the Wood density response to these two parameters is modified by aspect. A linear mixed-effects model for Wood density was constructed for mean density data measured with high frequency densitometry on stem discs from 72 beech trees sampled from two different aspects （northeast -NE and southwest -SW） of a valley in southwestern Germany. Results： Part of the variability of mean annual Wood density was explained by cambial age： an increase in cambial age resulted in an increase in mean Wood density. Tree-ring width and aspect had only a small influence on Wood density, Wood density on the SW aspect was lower than on the NE with a difference of approximately 0.006 g/cm3. The between-tree variability was very high. Conclusions： The significant interaction between cambial age and aspect reflects the importance of site conditions at older tree ages： with increasing cambial age the difference between aspects becomes stronger. Our results give a better understanding of the importance of site conditions on the wood quality of beech.

关键词： Fagus sylvatica HF densitometry wood quality Wood density Aspect

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Removing harvest residues from hardwood stands affects tree growth, Wood density and stem wood nutrient concentration in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus spp.)

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 147-159页

作者： Sanjoy Roy Jean-Michel Leban Bernhard Zeller Gregory van der Heijden Arnaud Reichard Marie-Christine Gehin Philippe Santenoise Laurent Saint-Andre INRAE BEFF-54000 NancyFrance IGN Laboratoire de l’Inventaire ForestierNancyF-54000France Universite de Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAESILVAF-54000 NancyFrance

Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition as well as growth.However,as nutrients become less available in the soil,the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues(plant internal cycling)helps sustain tree nutrition.Our study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter(RHRL)during five years on tree growth,Wood density,and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest stands.Result:Our study found that,RHRL significantly decreased tree growth ring width by 14%,and Wood density by 3%,in beech trees,in near bark rings.RHRL also significantly reduced nutrient concentration in near bark and near pith areas of both studied species.Mg,Na and S were found lower by 44%,76%,and 56%,respectively,in near bark area of beech trees.In near bark area of oak trees,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,and Fe were lower by 20%,25%,41%,48%,41%,and 16%,respectively.K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in near pith area compared to near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two elements.Conclusion:In beech trees,Wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on tree growth and biomass.Soil nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients con-tained in older tree rings(close to the pith)towards newly formed rings(close to bark).In our study,in beech trees,K was found to be the most recycled major nutrient.These results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility status.

关键词： Harvest residues Fagus sylvatica Quercus petraea Dendroecology Dendrochemistry Radial growth Wood density Tree growth Ring width Translocation

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Effect of Wood density and water permeability on wood decomposition rates of 32 bornean rainforest trees

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第4期7卷 356-363页

作者： Sanae Mori Akira Itoh Satoshi Nanami Sylvester Tan Lucy Chong Takuo Yamakura Laboratory of Plant Ecology Graduate School of ScienceOsaka City UniversitySugimoto 3-3-138Sumiyoshi-kuOsaka 558-8585Japan Center for Tropical Forest Science Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Arnold ArboretumHarvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA Applied Forest Science and Industry Development Sarawak Forestry CorporationJalan TapangKota SentosaKuching 93250SarawakMalaysia

Aims a better understanding of wood litter decomposition is essential for predicting responses of forest ecosystems to global climate change.recent studies suggest that chemical properties of wood litters,rather than physical ones such as Wood density,are more important for inter-specific differences in wood decomposition rates.However,empirical data are still limited,especially for tropical trees.In addition,decom-position rate of wood litter often varies with time,which makes inter-specific comparison difficult.We studied the wood decomposition of 32 rainforest trees to elucidate(i)the degree of interspecific variation in wood decomposition rate of a given size and configuration and(ii)if initial Wood density and water permeability are consistent predictors of the overall decomposition rate and its pattern over time.Methods a common garden decomposition experiment was conducted in a tropical rainforest in malaysian borneo for 32 native tree species.small wood sticks were set on the forest floor and the weight loss was monitored monthly for 2.7 years.Important Findings We found large variation in the wood decomposition rate(a 49-fold range),suggesting that we need to consider this variation when cal-culating community-level carbon dynamics of tropical rain forests.the physical traits of wood,i.***.Wood density and water permeability,were related to wood decomposition rate and its pattern over time.Decomposition half-time related positively and negatively to initial Wood density and water permeability,respectively.the time-dependentrate model fitted better for 18 species(56%of the study species)that had higher water permeabilities than the others,suggesting that micelle porosity in wood relates to temporal changes in decomposition rate.

关键词： Sarawak carbon dynamics fine wood litter Wood density tropical rain forest

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Effect of site and elevation on Wood density and shrinkage and their relationships in Carpinus betulus

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第3期14卷 229-234页

作者： Majid KIAEI Department of wood Science and Paper Technology Chaloos BranchIslamic Azad UniversityChaloos46615/397Iran

This study examined the effect of site and elevation on the oven-dry density and volumetric shrinkage of hornbeam （Carpinus betulus） wood. For this purpose, 45 normal hornbeam trees from three different sites （Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan） at three elevations, 300 m （low elevation）, 700 m （intermediate elevation） and 1100 m （high elevation） from natural forest in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height from mature wood and test samples were prepared to determine physical proper- ties, i.e., Wood density and volumetric shrinkage. The results show that there are significant differences between site and elevation on these physical properties of wood. The interaction effects between site ~ elevation on Wood density and volumetric shrinkage were also statistically significant. At any fixed site, Wood density and volumetric shrinkage increased with elevation. As well, their values at Guilan were higher than those at the other two sites. The relationship between Wood density and volumetric shrinkage was deter- mined by simple regression equations. Strong, positive relationships between Wood density and volumetric shrinkage at each site were found. Again, these were stronger at the Guilan site than at the other two sites. Given a fixed site, the correlation at high eleva- tion was stronger than at the other two elevations.

关键词： Carpinus betulus site elevation Wood density volumetric shrinkage

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Wood density Determination with the Perspective to Decarbonisation of Tropical Forest Species from the Luki Biosphere Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2023年第2期13卷 162-169页

作者： Topwe Milongwe Mwene-Mbeja Luboya Muisangie Jeannette Bukasa Kadima Katanku Kabongo Kanimba Junior Benjamin Kalenda Kabengela N’senda Kamulumba Kayembe Gaby Liyandja Impofi Jean-Claude Lopema Ongala Dénis Mbuyi Mpoyi Alain Center for Research on Water Management and Environment (CREE) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo Hydro-Quebec Institute for Environment Development and Society at Laval University Quebec Canada Research Centre for Applied Sciences and Technologies (CRSAT) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences National Pedagogical University (UPN) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Specimens of the forest species such as Pentaclethra macrophylla, Petersianthus macrocarpus, Pycnanthus angolensis and Terminalia superba have been sampled from LUKI Biosphere reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in order to determine their Wood density with the perspective to decarbonisation. These parameters have been found out experimentally utilizing a drying technique in an oven including techniques of immersion in an Erlenmeyer full of water. The corresponding results indicated that the four species Wood density is respectively 0.85, 0.80, 0.77 and 0.51. These preliminary results will be useful in our ongoing project on carbon dioxide absorption capacity of Congo rainforest tree species.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide Congo Rainforest Decarbonisation Wood density

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Effects of site conditions on growth and wood properties of Populus×euramericana cv.'74/76'

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 401-414页

作者： Jianmin Fan Changjun Ding Shijie Wang Changming Ma Chao Zhang Yongtan Li Jinmao Wang Minsheng Yang Xiaohua Su Forest Department Forestry CollegeHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000People’s Republic of China Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection Baoding 071000People’s Republic of China Forestry College Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000People’s Republic of China

The growth and wood properties of 240 individual Populus×euramericana cv.’74/76’(hereafter poplar 107)trees planted in Hebei Plain,China was evaluated.Mean annual increments in height,breast height diameter and volume,as well as cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin contents,shrinkage,density,bending strength and modulus of elasticity in the heart wood and sap wood.Environmental factors influencing growth and wood properties were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regres sion.The results show that the coefficients of variation(CVs)of growth traits ranged from 10.6 to 22.4%.The CVs of the chemical properties of heartwood ranged from 4.3 to 30.2%,and for sap wood from 3.2 to 27.5%.The CVs of the physical and mechanical properties of heartwood ranged from 8.6 to 31.7%,and for sapwood from 6.4 to 29.9%.The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in growth traits and wood properties among sites.Soil pH,total and available phosphorus,total potassium,and soil organic matter were key soil factors affecting growth and wood properties of poplar 107,whereas mean annual ground temperatures and precipitation were the main climatic factors.To better cultivate poplar 107,area with less annual rainfall,slightly higher temperature and soil pH value close to neutral should be selected.

关键词： Poplar clone Environmental factors Growth Wood density Mechanical properties wood chemical composition

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Variability in Wood density and wood Fibre Characterization of woody Species and Their Possible Utility in Northeastern Mexico

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1139-1150页

作者： Humberto Gonzalez Rodriguez Ratikanta Maiti Aruna Kumari N. C. Sarkar Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Linares México Crop Physiology Professor Jaya Shankar Telangana State Agricultural University Agricultural College Jagtial India Department of ASEPAN Institute of Agriculture Birbhum India

Context: Preliminary screening has been undertaken by woody species of Tamaulipan thornscrub for Wood density and its utilization northeastern Mexico for different purposes and to find possible relationship of density with wood fibre characteristics. This technique can be used in the selection of species with high Wood density for possible utility. Aims: It is to determine the variability in Wood density and in fiber cell morphology and its length and among wood species of the Tamaulipan thornscrub, northeastern Mexico. Methods: Wood density and wood fibres are characterized in these woody species following standard methodology. Results: The results reveal large variability in Wood density and in fibre cell morphology h. The species have been classified on the basis of Wood density and its fibber cell morphology and has been recommended for their possible utilization for different purposes. Conclusions: Species desirable for strong furniture making, paper pulp, soft furniture, fence etc. can be selected on the basis of fibre length to breadth ratios as strong fibres for furniture and fibre cells with broad lumen and thin cell wall use for fabrication of paper pulp and other utilities.

关键词： woody Plants Wood density Fibre Characterization Variability wood Fibres Tamaulipan Thornscrub

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Developing allometric equations to estimate forest biomass for tree species categories based on phylogenetic relationships

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森林生态系统:英文版 2023年第4期10卷 494-503页

作者： Mingxia Yang Xiaolu Zhou Changhui Peng Tong Li Kexin Chen Zelin Liu Peng Li Cicheng Zhang Jiayi Tang Ziying Zou School of Geographic Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Institute of Environment Sciences Department of Biology SciencesUniversity of Quebec at MontrealCase Postale 8888Succursale Centre-VilleMontrealQuebecH3C 3P8Canada

The development of allometric biomass models is important process in biomass estimation because the reliability of forest biomass and carbon estimations largely depends on the accuracy and precision of such models.National Forest Inventories(NFI)are detailed assessments of forest resources at national and regional levels that provide valuable data for forest biomass estimation.However,the lack of biomass allometric equations for each tree species in the NFI currently hampers the estimation of national-scale forest biomass.The main objective of this study was to develop allometric biomass regression equations for each tree species in the NFI of China based on limited biomass observations.These equations optimally grouped NFI and biomass observation species according to their phylogenetic relationships.Significant phylogenetic signals demonstrated phylogenetic conservation of the crown-to-stem biomass ratio.Based on phylogenetic relationships,we grouped and matched NFI and biomass observation species into 22 categories.Allometric biomass regression models were developed for each of these 22 species categories,and the models performed successfully(R^(2)=0.97,root mean square error(RMSE)=12.9t·ha^(–1),relative RMSE=11.5%).Furthermore,we found that phylogeny-based models performed more effectively than Wood density-based models.The results suggest that grouping species based on their phylogenetic relationships is a reliable approach for the development and selection of accurate allometric equations.

关键词： Allometric equation Forest biomass National Forest Inventory Species grouping Tree architecture Wood density

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