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Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women:High seroprevalence and risk factors in Kinshasa,Democratic Republic of Congo

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第1期4卷 69-74页

作者： Doudou Yobi Renaud Piarroux Coralie L'Ollivier Jacqueline Franck Hypolite Situakibanza Hypolite Muhindo Patrick Mitashi Raquel Andreia Inocencio da Luz Marc Van Sprundel Marleen Boelaert Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden Pascal Lutumba Kinshasa University Democratic Republic of Congo University Hospital of Timone University of Antwerp Institute of Tropical Medicine Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale KinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo

Objective:To determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women,as well as the proportion of acutely infected and risk factors in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Methods:Thirty maternities in Kinshasa were randomly selected and women attending antenatal consultation were invited to participate.They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about known risk factors(age,meat consumption,contact with soil,and presence of cat)and a venous blood sample was taken.Sera were analysed for total immunoglobulins(Ig)by VIDAS Toxo Competition using Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay.IgM was determined by VIDIA Toxo IgM and IgG avidity by VIDAS Toxo IgG avidity.Results:A total of 781 women were included.Median age was 28 years old(IQR:8.S).And 627women(80.3%;95%CI:77.5-83.1)were found to be positive to total Ig and 17 out of 387(4.4%;95%CI:2.3-6.4)were positive to IgM.IgC avidity was low for 2(11.8%)women,intermediate for 2(11.8%)and high for 13 women(76.4%).There was no statistically significant association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and any risk factors assessed.Conclusion:In Kinshasa,toxoplasmosis endemicity is highly prevalent.One woman out of twenty five had a recent toxoplasmosis infection and 20%were not protected against primoinfection,indicating a need for measures to prevent and control toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.

关键词： Seroprevalence Toxoplasmosis Pregnant women Kinshasa

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Regarding　Men　as　Superior　to　women：Impacts　of　Confucianism　on　Family　Norms　in　China

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China Population Today 1994年第6期11卷 12-21页

作者： Xie Zhenming

Confucianism is one of the important components of Chinese traditional culture, which was considered as an orthodox thought for thousands of years. In this analysis, the impact of Confucianism on family norms,specifically, on labour division, decision making, reproductive behaviours and patterns of support for the elderly within the family sphere are elaborated based on the information from field investigations. It is anticipated that with the far-reaching family planning programme and modernization drive, the traditional ideas will undergo a fundamental change.

关键词： Family Confucianism China Impacts Men Norms Regarding Superior women as

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The Relaxation of Rituals and the "Vitality"and"Diversity" of women's Lives

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中国新书:英文版 2023年第4期 94-97页

作者： Chen Baoliang School of History and Culture Southwest University Center for Ming and Qing Studies Peking University

This book is a comprehensive monograph that explores women's lives in the Ming Dynasty.It is divided into eight chapters,with each chapter further divided into sections that provide in-depth analysis and discussion.Through a multifaceted examination of women's lives in the Ming Dynasty,the author elucidates the collective personality of women that emerged within the confines of traditional ethics and codes.

关键词： collective women lives

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Observational study to assess pregnant women's knowledge and behaviour related to toxoplasmosis in Essaouira province, Morocco

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第2期12卷 87-90页

作者： Nadia Ouzennou Samia Boussaa Safa Ben Alla Ali Boumezzough ISPITS-Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Technology Ecology and the Environment Laboratory L2E(URAC 32 CNRST ERACNERS 06) Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University

Objective: To assess knowledge and behaviour related to toxoplasmosis which remains a neglected disease in Morocco.Methods: Observational investigations were conducted among 600 pregnant women from Essaouira Province.The interview items covered respondents' knowledge of the disease, its preventive practices and risk behaviours.Results: A total of 22/600 women had already carried out the anti-toxoplasmosis test, while, 96% have never done any screening of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies.Only 16/600 women have good information about the disease, its mode of transmission and its complications in both the fetus and his mother.Although most women adopt a healthy diet, the consumption of raw or undercooked meat is far to be considered as a risk factor, along with other potential factors that may foster the acquisition of the disease, such as possessing a domestic cat, educational status and knowledge of the disease.However, in this study, contact with soil was revealed the most important risk factor(P = 0.045), followed by the hygiene conditions after handling raw meat(P = 0.048).Conclusion: The underestimation of the Toxoplasma gondii sero-prevalence in Essaouira Province can be explained by the absence of toxoplasmosis serology in health institutions, as well as the gap of knowledge about the disease by local population.

关键词： Toxoplasmosis Knowledge Risk behaviour Pregnant women Morocco

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Pro-inflammatory cytokines profiles in Nigerian pregnant women infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第9期3卷 731-733页

作者： Nmorsi OPG Isaac C Ohaneme BA Obiazi HAK Tropical Diseases Research Unit Department of ZoologyAmbrose Alli UniversityEkpomaNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Ambrose Alli UniversityEkpomaNigeria

Objective:To investigate the pro-inflammatory cytokines profiles in in Nigerian pregnant women infected with Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum) malaria.Methods:Peripheral, and placental blood samples were collected from 96 consenting volunteers comprising 76 P.falciparium infected pregnant women and 20 healthy uninfected pregnant women in Ekpoma.Nigeria,and subjected to ELISA for cytokines evaluation.Results:Increased serum concentrations of interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) was observed in infected pregnant women than their uninfected counterparts[(31.2±20.9) pg/mL vs(1.8±0.9) pg/mL]and these differences were statistically significant(χ~2= 26.18,Pwomen than the uninfected women[(13.9±3.6) pg/mL vs(28.4±5.28) pg/mL]respectively was not statistically significant(χ~2= 4.96,P>0.05). The interleukin-6(IL-6) was significantly elevated in infected pregnant women(81.0±26.1 pg/mL) than in the uninfected pregnant women[(25.0±5.0) pg/mL](χ~2 = 29.58,Pwomen were(53.5±23.4) pg/mL,(8.7±6.9) pg/mL and(16.4±4.0) pg/mL,respectively. The multigravidae had a higher haemoglobin level of 10.2 g/dL and birth weight of 3 000 g than the primigrivadae with lower haemoglobin level of 7.5 g/dL and birth weight of 2 430 g. Conclusions:The elevated IFN-γamong the malarous pregnant women implicates it as the major cytokine mediator in the host responses to systematic P.falciparum malaria in our locality.

关键词： Pro-inflammatory cytokines Pregnant women Plasmodium falciparum Nigeria

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women's experiences of formula feeding their infants:an interpretative phenomenological study

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Frontiers of Nursing 2018年第1期5卷 49-59页

作者： Kin Yan Sze Zenobia Chung Yee Chan Vico Chung Lim Chiang School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of women in the process of formula feeding their infants. The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of breastfeeding for infant health. After decades of breastfeeding promotions,breastfeeding rates in Hong Kong have been rising consistently; however, the low continuation rate is alarming. This study explores women's experiences with formula feeding their infants, including factors affecting their decision to do so.Methods: A qualitative approach using an interpretative phenomenological analysis(IPA) was adopted as the study design. Data were collected from 2014 to 2015 through individual in-depth unstructured interviews with 16 women, conducted between 3 and 12 months after the birth of their infant. Data were analyzed using IPA.Results: Three main themes emerged as follows:(1) self-struggle, with the subthemes of feeling like a milk cow and feeling trapped;(2) family conflict, with the subtheme of sharing the spotlight; and(3) interpersonal tensions, with the subthemes of embarrassment,staring, and innocence. Many mothers suffered various stressors and frustrations during breastfeeding. These findings suggest a number of pertinent areas that need to be considered in preparing an infant feeding campaign.Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce our knowledge of women's struggles with multiple sources of pressure, such as career demands, childcare demands, and family life after giving birth. All mothers should be given assistance in making informed decisions about the optimal approach to feeding their babies given their individual situation and be provided with support to pursue their chosen feeding method.

关键词： formula feeding infant feeding breastfeeding feeding decision experience Qualitative interpretative phenom enological analysis women education support nurse nursing

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Young women Rural Migrant Workers in China’s West: Benefits of Schooling?

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Frontiers of Education in China 2017年第3期12卷 332-366页

作者： Vilma SEEBERG Shujuan LUO School of Foundations Leadership and AdministrationKent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA

This paper explores the association of rural schooling with empowerment of female rural migrant workers in remote Western China.It asks what school-related intrinsic and instrumental capabilities enhanced their urban lives and their role as“drivers for development”in urbanizing China.The analysis of a long-term observational study of the females of one cluster of villages shows that recently-arrived(2015)young rural new-migrant workers manifested enhanced capabilities associated with their schooling in four dimensions of social freedoms:protective security against early arranged marriage,enhanced occupational opportunity,constructive social arrangements founded in rural identity,and cognitive and aspirational capabilities.Lower educational attainment and achievement are associated with fewer and weaker empowerment capabilities across all dimensions.Political empowerment capabilities in the sense of civil rights and entitlements have no foundation in earlier education and are lacking in their urban lives.However,a sense of“voice”is beginning to take hold among young rural migrant women.Taking a female-centric capability perspective uncovers beneficial aspects of internal migration,contributing to a more holistically theorized understanding of associated social changes.

关键词： capabilities education empowerment rural migrant workers women

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Ecological Pushes and Pulls on women Academics’ Pursuit of Research in China

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Frontiers of Education in China 2020年第2期15卷 222-249页

作者： PENG Jian-E Department of Foreign Languages and Literature College of Liberal ArtsShantou UniversityShantou 515063China

women academics reportedly exhibit lower research productivity than males.This study first quantitatively explored gender differences in research output based on a survey among 309 Chinese academics teaching English as a foreign language(TEFL).Qualitative data obtained through interviews with seven female respondents were analyzed from an ecological perspective.Results showed significant gender differences in domestic publication but no such differences in international publication.women academics’pursuit of research was influenced by many factors from and beyond the microsystems of workplace and family,and their coping strategies included soliciting help from seasoned colleagues,attending academic conferences,and joining online communities.The findings highlight the institutional supportive practices and familial environment that are equally important in promoting women academics’professional development.

关键词： ecological perspective women academics research productivity

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Prevalence of and risk factors for eclampsia in pregnant women in India

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第4期5卷 225-244页

作者： Sutapa Agrawal Gagandeep K.Walia Eleonora Staines-Urias Juan P.Casas Christopher Millett Public Health Foundation of India GurgaonNew Delhi NCRIndia Department of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College LondonLondonUK School of Public Health Imperial CollegeLondonUK

Objective:Eclampsia is a potentially fatal disorder in pregnant women and remains an im-portant cause of maternal and perinatal child morbidity and death worldwide.We aimed to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for convulsions(not occurring from fever)during pregnancy in Indian women.Convulsion is a key symptom suggestive of eclampsia.Methods:Cross-sectional data from India’s third National Family Health Survey,conducted during 2005-2006 were used.Self-reported information on convulsions during pregnancy was obtained from 39,657 women aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors for convulsion in pregnancy.Results:Overall,1 in 10 women reported having convulsions in their most recent pregnancy.The prevalence was significantly higher in women living in rural areas compared with those liv-ing in urban areas(11.3% vs.7.4%;Pwomen with a twin pregnancy[odds ratio(OR)2.12;95% confidence interval(CI)1.45-3.11],a previously terminated pregnancy(OR 1.32;95% CI 1.20-1.45),diabetes(OR 1.37;95% CI 0.99-1.89),or asthma(OR 1.85;95% CI 1.35-2.54),in women who were alerted to pregnancy complications(OR 2.78;95% CI 2.50-3.08),in Sikh wom-en(OR 1.73;95% CI 1.28-2.33),in women in a low social group(OR 1.40;95% CI 1.25-1.58),and in women residing in central India(OR 1.51;95% CI 1.31-1.74)or eastern India(OR 1.33;95% CI 1.14-1.54)with reference to their counterparts.Conclusion:Our findings from a large population-based nationally representative sample of Indian women indicate a high prevalence of convulsions,a symptom suggestive of eclampsia,and its association with several maternal,lifestyle risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics.

关键词： Convulsions eclampsia risk factors women Indian

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Blood pressure-controlling behavior in relation to educational level and economic status among hypertensive women in Ghana

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2018年第3期6卷 115-123页

作者： Bishwajit Ghose Sanni Yaya Faculty of Social Sciences School of International Development and Global StudiesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada

Objective:To explore the association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior(medication adherence,controlling body weight,reducing salt intake,performing physical exercise,reducing alcohol consumption,abstaining from smoking,increasing fruit and vegetable consumption)among hypertensive women in Ghana.Methods:Cross-sectional data on 598 women were collected from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey of 2014.The association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior was measured by logistic regression methods.Results:Mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 131.4 and 86.58 mm Hg,respectively.With regard to self-management behavior,81.8%of women reported taking medication to control high blood pressure,44.4%reported controlling body weight,22.5%reported reducing salt intake,48.3%reported performing physical exercise,74.2%reported reducing alcohol consumption,74.2%reported abstaining from alcohol and smoking,and 20.2%reported consuming more fruits and vegetables.women living in the wealthiest households had significantly higher odds of maintaining healthy weight,reducing salt intake,and exercising.Conclusion:The findings imply that socioeconomic factors may play important roles in women’s adherence to blood pressure-controlling behavior.It is therefore suggested that policy makers focus on improving women’s economic status as a strategy to encourage cardiovascular health-promoting behavior.

关键词： Economic status education Ghana hypertension blood pressure management behavior women

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