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Effects of magnet shapes on total harmonic distortion and cogging torque in a permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbines

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Clean Energy 2023年第5期7卷 1058-1068页

作者： Erol Kurt Adem Dalcalı Gazi University Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringTechnology FacultyAnkaraTurkey Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesBandırmaBalıkesirTurkey National Research University TIIAME100000TashkentUzbekistan

This paper explores and theoretically reports the effects of different magnet structures on the cogging torque and the total harmonic distortion of the output waveforms from a permanent magnet generator.The generator is a radial flux machine and four different structures are considered for the magnet arrangement in the rotor component and modelled in the Ansys/Maxwell electromagnetic simulation program.This three-phase machine exhibits different behaviours towards various magnet structures,i.***.rectangular,inclined slotted rectangular,skewed double rectangular and inclined slotted skewed double rectangular,respectively.It has been proven by finite element analysis and Fourier analysis that both the cogging and total harmonic distortion values vary significantly for all models.The cogging torque values change in the range of 89.95 to 436.75 mNm and the lowest cogging torque is measured for the inclined slotted skewed double rectangular magnet geometry,while the conventional rectangular magnet geometry yields the worst value with 436.75 mNm.Furthermore,the total harmonic distortion values varies between 1.63 and 3.55 for different magnetic orientations.While the worst total harmonic distortion value is obtained from the inclined slotted rectangular magnet,the best total harmonic distortion is acquired from the skewed double rectangular magnet.All these results will provide scientists and engineers with important information in order to obtain more efficient machines.

关键词： renewable energy wind power finite element method synchronous generator wind turbines

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Internal electrical fault detection techniques in DFIG-based wind turbines: a review

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 265-286页

作者： Abdelwahab D.Bebars Abdelfattah A.Eladl Gabr M.Abdulsalam Ebrahim A.Badran Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityEl-MansouraEgypt

The keys factor in making wind power one of the main power sources to meet the world’s growing energy demands is the reliability improvement of wind turbines(WTs).However,the eventuality of fault occurrence on WT com-ponents cannot be avoided,especially for doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)based WTs,which are operating in severe environments.The maintenance need increases due to unexpected faults,which in turn leads to higher operating cost and poor reliability.Extensive investigation into DFIG internal fault detection techniques has been carried out in the last decade.This paper presents a detailed review of these techniques.It discusses the methods that can be used to detect internal electrical faults in a DFIG stator,rotor,or both.A novel sorting technique is presented which takes into consideration different parameters such as fault location,detection technique,and DFIG modelling.The main mathematical representation used to detect these faults is presented to allow an easier and faster under-standing of each method.In addition,a comparison is carried out in every section to illustrate the main differences,advantages,and disadvantages of every method and/or model.Some real monitoring systems available in the market are presented.Finally,recommendations for the challenges,future work,and main gaps in the field of internal faults in a DFIG are presented.This review is organized in a tutorial manner,to be an effective guide for future research for enhancing the reliability of DFIG-based WTs.

关键词： DFIG wind turbines Internal fault detection Reliability improvement

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Transient Stability Analysis of Grid-connected Converters in wind Turbine Systems Based on Linear Lyapunov Function and Reverse-time Trajectory

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 782-790页

作者： Mohammad Kazem Bakhshizadeh Sujay Ghosh Guangya Yang ?ukasz Kocewiak ?rsted wind Power A/S the Technical University of Denmark

As the proportion of converter-interfaced renewable energy resources in the power system is increasing, the strength of the power grid at the connection point of wind turbine generators(WTGs) is gradually weakening. Existing research has shown that when connected with the weak grid, the stability of the traditional grid-following controlled converters will deteriorate, and they are prone to unstable phenomena such as oscillation. Due to the limitations of linear analysis that cannot sufficiently capture the stability phenomena, transient stability must be investigated. So far, standalone time-domain simulations or analytical Lyapunov stability criteria have been used to investigate transient stability. However, the time-domain simulations have proven to be computationally too heavy, while analytical methods are difficult to formulate for larger systems, require many modelling assumptions, and are often conservative in estimating the stability boundary. This paper proposes and demonstrates an innovative approach to estimating the transient stability boundary via combining the linear Lyapunov function and the reverse-time trajectory technique. The proposed methodology eliminates the need of time-consuming simulations and the conservative nature of Lyapunov functions. This study brings out the clear distinction between the stability boundaries with different post-fault active current ramp rate controls. At the same time, it provides a new perspective on critical clearing time for wind turbine systems. The stability boundary is verified using time-domain simulation studies.

关键词： Power system stability Trajectory Stability criteria Transient analysis Dynamical systems Time-domain analysis wind turbines

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A Sliding Mode Approach to Enhance the Power Quality of wind turbines Under Unbalanced Voltage Conditions

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第2期6卷 566-574页

作者： Mohammad Javad Morshed Afef Fekih IEEE the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisiana at Lafayette

An integral terminal sliding mode-based control design is proposed in this paper to enhance the power quality of wind turbines under unbalanced voltage conditions. The design combines the robustness, fast response, and high quality transient characteristics of the integral terminal sliding mode control with the estimation properties of disturbance observers. The controller gains were auto-tuned using a fuzzy logic approach.The effectiveness of the proposed design was assessed under deep voltage sag conditions and parameter variations. Its dynamic response was also compared to that of a standard SMC approach.The performance analysis and simulation results confirmed the ability of the proposed approach to maintain the active power,currents, DC-link voltage and electromagnetic torque within their acceptable ranges even under the most severe unbalanced voltage conditions. It was also shown to be robust to uncertainties and parameter variations, while effectively mitigating chattering in comparison with the standard SMC.

关键词： Doubly fed induction generators(DFIG) fuzzy approach integral terminal sliding mode control(ITSMC) observer power quality voltage unbalances wind turbines

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Asymptotic Tracking Control for wind turbines in Variable Speed Mode

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2017年第3期4卷 569-576页

作者： Wei Lin Zongtao Lu Wei Wei Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Case Western Reserve University

This paper presents a variable speed control strategy for wind turbines in order to capture maximum wind power.wind turbines are modeled as a two-mass drive-train system with generator torque control.Based on the obtained wind turbine model,variable speed control schemes are developed.Nonlinear tracking controllers are designed to achieve asymptotic tracking for a prescribed rotor speed reference signal so as to yield maximum wind power capture.Due to the difficulty of torsional angle measurement,an observer-based control scheme that uses only rotor speed information is further developed for global asymptotic output tracking.The effectiveness of the proposed control methods is illustrated by simulation results.

关键词： Asymptotic tracking partial-state and output feedback two-mass drive-train model variable speed control wind turbines

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Optimal placement of wind turbines within a wind farm considering multi-directional wind speed using two-stage genetic algorithm

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第1期15卷 240-255页

作者： A.S.O.OGUNJUYIGBE T.R.AYODELE O.D.BAMGBOJE Power Energy Machines and Drives(PEMD)Research Group Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of IbadanNigeria

Most wind turbines within wind farms are set up to face a pre-determined wind direction.However,wind directions are intermittent in nature,leading to less electricity production capacity.This paper proposes an algorithm to solve the wind farm layout optimization problem considering multi-angular(MA)wind direction with the aim of maximizing the total power generated on wind farms and minimizing the cost of installation.A twostage genetic algorithm(GA)equipped with complementary sampling and uniform crossover is used to evolve a MA layout that will yield optimal output regardless of the wind direction.In the first stage,the optimal wind turbine layouts for 8 different major wind directions were determined while the second stage allows each of the previously determined layouts to compete and inter-breed so as to evolve an optimal MA wind farm layout.The proposed MA wind farm layout is thereafter compared to other layouts whose turbines have focused site specific wind turbine orientation.The results reveal that the proposed wind farm layout improves wind power production capacity with minimum cost of installation compared to the layouts with site specific wind turbine layouts.This paper will find application at the planning stage of wind farm.

关键词： optimal placement wind turbines wind direction genetic algorithm wake effect

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Study on grid adaptability testing methodology for wind turbines

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2013年第1期1卷 81-87页

作者： Shaolin LI Shiyao QIN Ruiming WANG Qing LI Chen CHEN China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China

The use of wind power has grown rapidly in recent years.wind power is a clean source of energy,but can have negative impacts on the distribution grid.The influence of large-scale wind power integration on the safe and stable operation of a power system cannot be ignored.It is necessary and urgent to achieve grid adaptability for wind turbines in China.Using a 35 kV/6 MVA grid simulator,the performance of a grid is investigated by simulation.Typical grid disturbances such as voltage deviation,frequency fluctuation,voltage unbalance,and distortion can be simulated.A grid adaptability testing methodology was developed and applied to a doubly fed wind turbine with a focus on analyzing real test data to ascertain its three-phase voltage unbalance adaptability,which was successfully demonstrated.The methodology can also be used to guide other grid adaptability tests.

关键词： wind turbines Grid simulator Grid adaptability testing

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SVM-Algorithm for Supervision, Monitoring and Detection Vibration in wind turbines

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第11期10卷 44-55页

作者： Javier Vives Juan Palací Janverly Heart Department of Systems Engineering and Automation University Polytechnic of Valencia Valencia Spain Red Engineering Technology Limited London UK

With the implementation of supervised machine learning techniques, wind turbine maintenance has been transformed. A wind turbine’s electrical and mechanical components can be automatically identified, monitored, and detected to predict, detect, and anticipate their degeneration using this method of automatic and autonomous learning. Two different failure states are simulated due to bearing vibrations and compared with machine learning classifier and frequency analysis. A wind turbine can be monitored, monitored, and faulted efficiently by implementing SVM. With these technologies, downtime can be reduced, breakdowns can be anticipated, and aspects can be imported if they are offshore.

关键词： Vibrations wind turbines Fault Diagnosis Machine Learning Condition Monitoring Deep Learning

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Transient AC Overvoltage Suppression Orientated Reactive Power Control of the wind Turbine in the LCC-HVDC Sending Grid

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第2期8卷 152-161页

作者： Bo Pang Xiao Jin Quanwang Zhang Yi Tang Kai Liao Jianwei Yang Zhengyou He IEEE College of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company

High-voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission is a crucial way to solve the reverse distribution of clean energy and loads. The line commutated converter-based HVDC(LCCHVDC) has become a vital structure for HVDC due to its high technological maturity and economic advantages. During the DC fault of LCC-HVDC, such as commutation failure, the reactive power regulation of the AC grid always lags the DC control process, causing overvoltage in the AC sending grid, which brings off-grid risk to the wind power generation based on power electronic devices. Nevertheless, considering that wind turbine generators have fast and flexible reactive power control capability, optimizing the reactive power control of wind turbines to participate in the transient overvoltage suppression of the sending grid not only improves the operational safety at the equipment level but also enhances the voltage stability of the system. This paper firstly analyses the impact of wind turbine's reactive power on AC transient overvoltage. Then, it proposes an improved voltage-reactive power control strategy, which contains a reactive power control delay compensation and a power command optimization based on the voltage time series prediction. The delay compensation is used to reduce the contribution of the untimely reactive power of wind turbines on transient overvoltage, and the power command optimization enables wind turbines to have the ability to regulate transient overvoltage, leading to the variation of AC voltage, thus suppressing the transient overvoltage. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified in a ±800kV/5000MW LCC-HVDC sending grid model based on MATLAB/Simulink.

关键词： Voltage control Reactive power wind turbines Transient analysis HVDC transmission Reactive power control Circuit faults

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Analytical Model and Topology Optimization of Doubly-fed Induction Generator

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第2期8卷 162-169页

作者： Lu Sun Haoyu Kang Jin Wang Zequan Li Jianjun Liu Yiming Ma Libing Zhou the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology IEEE Dongfang Electric Machinery Co. LtdDongfang Electric Corporation CSG PGC Energy Storage Research Institute Southern Power Grid Energy Storage Co. Ltd

As the core component of energy conversion for large wind turbines,the output performance of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) plays a decisive role in the power quality of wind turbines.To realize the fast and accurate design optimization of DFIGs,this paper proposes a novel hybriddriven surrogate-assisted optimization method.It firstly establishes an accurate subdomain model of DFIGs to analytically predict performance indexes.Furthermore,taking the inexpensive analytical dataset produced by the subdomain model as the source domain and the expensive finite element analysis dataset as the target domain,a high-precision surrogate model is trained in a transfer learning way and used for the subsequent multi-objective optimization process.Based on this model,taking the total harmonic distortion of electromotive force,cogging torque,and iron loss as objectives,and the slot and inner/outer diameters as parameters for optimizing the topology,achieve a rapid and accurate electromagnetic design for DFIGs.Finally,experiments are carried out on a 3MW DFIG to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Analytical models Accuracy Torque Transfer learning Doubly fed induction generators wind turbines Topology

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