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Research on wind erosion processes and controlling factors based on wind tunnel test and 3D laser scanning technology

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第9期14卷 1009-1021页

作者： YAN Ping WANG Xiaoxu ZHENG Shucheng WANG Yong LI Xiaomei Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China MOE Engineering Research Centre of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing 100875China Institute of Geographical Sciences Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450052China School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China

The study of wind erosion processes is of great importance to the prevention and control of soil wind *** this study,three structurally intact soil samples were collected from the steppe of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China and placed in a wind tunnel where they were subjected to six different wind speeds(10,15,17,20,25,and 30 m/s)to simulate wind erosion in the wind *** each test,the soil surfaces were scanned by a 3D laser scanner to create a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM),and the changes in wind erosion mass and microtopography were *** on this,we performed further analysis of wind erosion-controlling *** study results showed that the average measurement error between the 3D laser scanning method and weighing method was 6.23%for the three undisturbed soil *** increasing wind speed,the microtopography on the undisturbed soil surface first became smooth,and then fine stripes and pits gradually *** the initial stage of wind erosion processes,the ability of the soil to resist wind erosion was mainly affected by the soil *** the late stage of wind erosion processes,the degree of soil erosion was mainly affected by soil organic matter and CaCO_(3)*** results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for soil wind erosion control and promote the application of 3D laser scanners in wind erosion monitoring.

关键词： 3D laser scanning technology wind erosion wind tunnel test wind erosion depth microtopography soil hardness

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Effects of sand sedimentation and wind erosion around sand barrier:Numerical simulation and wind tunnel test studies

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第4期20卷 962-978页

作者： ZHANG Kai ZHANG Hai-long DENG Yu-hui QU Jian-jun WANG Zheng-hui LI Sheng College of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

Based on numerical simulations,this study highlights the sedimentation and erosion problems around a sand barrier through the relationship between the shear stress of the surface around the sand barrier and the critical shear stress of sand *** numerical simulation results were verified using data measured by the wind tunnel *** results showed that when the porosity was the same,the size and position of the vortex on the leeward side of the sand barrier were related to the inlet wind *** the wind speed increased,the vortex volume increased and the positions of the separation and reattachment points moved toward the leeward *** the porosity of the sand barrier was 30%,the strength of the acceleration zone above the sand barrier was the highest,and the strength of the acceleration zone was negatively correlated with the *** erosion and sedimentation distance were related to wind *** an increase in wind speed,the sand grain forward erosion or reverse erosion areas on the leeward side of the sand barrier gradually replaced the sedimentation *** an increase in porosity,the sand sedimentation distance on the leeward side of the sand barrier gradually shortened,and the sand erosion area gradually *** sand sedimentation distance on the leeward side of the sand barrier with 30%porosity was the *** numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the wind tunnel test *** on the sand erosion and sedimentation results of the numerical simulation and wind tunnel test,when the porosity was 30%,the protection effect of the High Density Polyethylene(HDPE)board sand barrier was best.

关键词： Sand sedimentation wind erosion Numerical simulation wind tunnel test

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Numerical simulation on flow field,wind erosion and sand sedimentation patterns over railway subgrades

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第10期19卷 2968-2986页

作者： ZHANG Kai ZHAO Li-ming ZHANG Hai-long GUO Ao-jun YANG Bo LI Sheng College of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

The railway subgrades in the sandy areas act as an obstacle interfering wind-blown sand,causing sand erosion and sedimentation,which can disrupt the safe and stable operation of the railway *** previous studies mainly focus on the flow field around railway subgrades,however,the real erosion and sedimentation patterns are rarely *** study aims to analyze the erosion and sand sedimentation patterns of wind-blown sand over the subgrades with different heights and steel rails using the ratio of the wall shear stress to the critical value of erosion shear *** show that wind erosion near the top of the upwind slope of the embankment and the shoulder on the upwind side are more severe,and the severity increases with an increase in the height of the *** the increase of wind velocity,sand sedimentation both on the windward and leeside of the subgrade decreases and wind erosion by reverse flow *** study indicates that railways in sandy areas should be constructed with a moderate subgrade height(4 m).

关键词： Numerical simulation Flow field wind erosion Sand sedimentation Railway subgrades Subgrade height

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Simulating the effect of wind erosion on aeolian desertification process of Horqin sandy land and its significance on material cycle:a wind tunnel study

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第1期14卷 43-53页

作者： CaiXia Zhang JinChang Li Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River Institute of Loess PlateauShanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030006China

Samples from the Horqin sandy land were exposed to a series of wind velocities,and sink particles were collected at the end of the diffusion section of a wind *** sizes of collected samples show great variation because of the granularity difference of the surface *** original samples show lower average content of SiO_(2) and higher average content of Al _(2)O_(3),Fe_(2)O_(3),MgO,CaO,Na_(2)O,and K_(2)O than collected *** with other dust source areas in China,the Horqin sandy land had higher content of Zr,Ba,SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3) and K_(2)*** with the average upper continental crust(UCC)composition,surface samples were rich in the content of Y,Zr,Nb,Ba,La,*** characteristics of fine grain components of the Horqin sandy land differ from those from other dust source regions,because fine-grained particles in the Horqin sandy land were mostly derived from various local deposits formed in its unique depositional environments influenced by several tectonic activities.

关键词： sink sand wind erosion aeolian process Horqin sandy land

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wind erosion Climate Change in Northern China During 1981-2016

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第4期11卷 484-496页

作者： Feng Zhang Jing'ai Wang Xueyong Zou Rui Mao Daoyi Gong Xingya Feng State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

wind erosion is largely controlled by climate *** this study,we examined the influences of changes in wind speed,soil wetness,snow cover,and vegetation cover related to climate change on wind erosion in northern China during 1981–*** used the wind erosion force,defined as wind factor in the Revised wind erosion Equation Model,to describe the effect of wind speed on wind *** results show that wind erosion force presented a long-term decreasing trend in the southern Northwest,northern Northwest,and eastern northern China during 1981–*** the Gobi Desert,the wind erosion force presented for 1981–1992 a decreasing trend,for 1992–2012 an increasing trend,and thereafter a weakly decreasing *** comparison to wind speed,soil wetness and snow cover had weaker influences on wind erosion in northern China,while vegetation cover played a significant role in the decrease of wind erosion in the eastern northern China during 1982–2015.

关键词： Northern China RWEQ model wind erosion wind erosion force Heavy wind frequency

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Characteristics of wind erosion and Deposition in Oasis-desert Ecotone in Southern Margin of Tarim Basin,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第6期24卷 658-673页

作者： MAO Donglei LEI Jiaqiang ZENG Fanjiang RAHMUTULLA Zaynulla WANG Cui ZHOU Jie Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Geographical Science and Tourism Xinjiang Normal University Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang

The oasis-desert ecotone is a fragile ecological zone that is affected both by oasis and desert conditions. To understand the impact of the differences in wind power, and the influence of wind erosion and deposition on the ecotone, meteorological data and con- temporaneous wind erosion and deposition data were collected on the southern margin of Tarim Basin with serious sand-blown hazards. The wind velocity, average wind velocity, sand drift potential （DP）, resultant sand drift potential （RDP）, and sand transportation rate decrease significantly and successively across four landscape types with increasing vegetation coverage （VC）. Flat surfaces and areas of shifting sandy ground experience intense wind erosion with fast movement of mobile sand dunes; semi-fixed sand areas experience ex- tensive wind deposition but only slight wind erosion; and fixed sand areas experience only slight wind erosion and deposition. Volume of wind erosion on bare newly reclaimed farmland is up to 6.96 times that of bare shifting sandy ground. wind erosion volume per unit area and VC follow an exponential function relationship in natural conditions, while wind deposition volume per unit area does not conform to any functions which has close relationship with vary topography and arrangement patterns of vegetation besides for VC. The results indicate that the volume of wind erosion has a close correlation with VC, and different types and distribution patterns of topog- raphy and vegetation also profoundly influence the wind deposition volume in the field, and underground water tables in different land- scape types control the plant community distribution. Keywords： wind erosion; wind deposition; oasis-desert ecotone; vegetation coverage （VC）; topography; Cele County

关键词： wind erosion wind deposition oasis-desert ecotone vegetation coverage (VC) topography Cele County

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Interactive effects of wind speed,vegetation coverage and soil moisture in controlling wind erosion in a temperate desert steppe,Inner Mongolia of China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第4期10卷 534-547页

作者： MENG Zhongju DANG Xiaohong GAO Yong REN Xiaomeng DING Yanlong WANG Meng Desert Control Science and Engineering College Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorological Science Hohhot 010051China Forestry College Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

The rapid desertification of grasslands in Inner Mongolia of China poses a significant ecological threaten to northern China. The combined effects of anthropogenic disturbances （e.g., overgrazing） and biophysical processes （e.g., soil erosion） have led to vegetation degradation and the consequent acceleration of regional desertification. Thus, mitigating the accelerated wind erosion, a cause and effect of grassland desertification, is critical for the sustainable management of grasslands. Here, a combination of mobile wind tunnel experiments and wind erosion model was used to explore the effects of different levels of vegetation coverage, soil moisture and wind speed on wind erosion at different positions of a slope inside an enclosed desert steppe in the Xilamuren grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results indicated a significant spatial difference in wind erosion intensities depending on the vegetation coverage, with a strong decreasing trend from the top to the base of the slope. Increasing vegetation coverage resulted in a rapid decrease in wind erosion as explained by a power function correlation. Vegetation coverage was found to be a dominant control on wind erosion by increasing the surface roughness and by lowering the threshold wind velocity for erosion. The critical vegetation coverage required for effectively controlling wind erosion was found to be higher than 60%. Further, the wind erosion rates were negatively correlated with surface soil moisture and the mass flux in aeolian sand transport increased with increasing wind speed. We developed a mathematical model of wind erosion based on the results of an orthogonal array design. The results from the model simulation indicated that the standardized regression coefficients of the main effects of the three factors （vegetation coverage, soil moisture and wind speed） on the mass flux in aeolian sand transport were in the following order： wind speed〉vegetation coverage〉soil moisture. These three factors had dif

关键词： desert steppe wind erosion desertification aeolian process sand transport Xilamuren grassland

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Estimation of wind erosion from construction of a railway in arid Northwest China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第2期5卷 102-108页

作者： Benli Liu Larry E.Wagner Duihu Ning Jianjun Qu Dunhuang Gobi Desert Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China USDA-ARS Agricultural Systems Research Unit Fort CollinsCO 80526USA International Research and Training Center on erosion and Sedimentation Bejing 100048China

A state-of-the-art wind erosion simulation model,the wind erosion Prediction System and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's AP 42 emission factors formula,were combined together to evaluate wind-blown dust emissions from various construction units from a railway construction project in the dry Gobi land in Northwest *** influence of the climatic factors:temperature,precipitation,wind speed and direction,soil condition,protective measures,and construction disturbance were taken into *** by daily and sub-daily climate data and using specific detailed management fles,the process-based WEPS model was able to express the beginning,active,and ending phases of construction,as well as the degree of disturbance for the entire scope of a construction *** Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-speed Railway was selected as a representative study because of the diversities of different cli-mates,soil,and working schedule conditions that could be *** erosion from different working units included the building of roadbeds,bridges,plants,temporary houses,earth spoil and barrow pit areas,and vehicle transportation were *** total wind erosion emissions,7406 t,for the first construction area of section LXS-15 with a 14.877 km length was obtained for quantitative *** method used is applicable for evaluating wind erosion from other complex surface dis-turbance projects.

关键词： wind erosion Railway construction WEPS USEPA

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A Field Experiment on Dust Emission by wind erosion in the Taklimakan Desert

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第2期26卷 241-249页

作者：杨兴华何清艾力.买买提依明霍文刘新春 STRAKE Miriam Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment of Taklimakan Station Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg

Dust emission by wind erosion in surface is a serious problem in many arid regions around the world,and it is harmful to the ecological environment,human health,and social *** monitor the characteristics of saltation activity and to calculate the threshold wind velocity and sediment discharge under field conditions have significance on the research of dust emission by wind ***,a field experiment was conducted over the flat sand in the hinterland of the Taklimakan *** sampling system was installed on the flat sand surface at Tazhong,consisting of a meteorological tower with a height of 2 m,a piezoelectric saltation sensor（Sensit）,and a Big Spring Number Eight（BSNE） sampler *** of saltation activity was recorded every second using the *** BSNE station consisted of five BSNE samplers with the lowest sampler at 0.05 m and the highest sampler at 1.0 m above the soil *** was collected from the samplers every 24 *** is found that saltation activity was detected for only 21.5% of the hours measured,and the longest period of saltation activity occurring continuously was not longer than 5 min under the field *** threshold wind velocity was variable,its minimum value was 4.9 m s 1,the maximum value was 9.2 m s 1,and the average value was 7.0 m s *** threshold wind velocity presented a positive linear increase during the measurement *** observation site had a sediment discharge of 82.1 kg m 1 over a period of 24 *** on hourly saltation counts,hourly sediment discharge was ***,there was no obvious linear or other functional relationship between the hourly sediment discharge and wind *** results show that the changes of sediment discharge do not quite depend on wind velocity.

关键词： wind erosion saltation activity threshold wind velocity sediment discharge Taklimakan Desert

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Theoretical expressions for soil particle detachment rate due to saltation bombardment in wind erosion

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2020年第4期12卷 234-241页

作者： XuYang Liu WenXiao Ning ZhenTing Wang Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Saltation bombardment is a dominate dust emission mechanism in wind *** loose surfaces,splash entrainment has been well understood ***,the mass loss predictions of cohesive soils are generally empirical in most wind erosion *** this study,the soil particle detachment of a bare,smooth,dry,and uncrusted soil surface caused by saltation bombardment is modeled by means of classical *** is shown that detachment rate can be analytically expressed in terms of the kinetic energy or mass flux of saltating grains and several common mechanical parameters of soils,including Poisson's ratio,Young's modulus,cohesion and friction *** novel expressions can describe dust emission rate from cohesive surfaces and are helpful to quantify the anti-erodibility of *** is proposed that the mechanical properties of soils should be appropriately included in physically-based wind erosion models.

关键词： wind erosion saltation bombardment cohesive soil anti-erodibility

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