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Assessing impact of intermittent window opening strategies on pathogen-laden droplet dispersion in a coach bus

Building Simulation 2024年第7期17卷 1183-1200页

作者： Qiqi Luo Xingdong Deng Jian Hang Cuiyun Ou Zhiwen Luo Xiaodan Fan Xia Yang Yifei Zhang Zhongli Gu Xuelin Zhang School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory Xiong'anChina Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research Institute Guangzhou 510060China Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Natural Resources Planning and Marine Technology Guangzhou 510060China Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing Monitoring and Early WarningGuangzhou 510060China Welsh Schoolof Architecture Cardiff UniversityUK Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control South China Institute of Environmental Sciencesthe Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaNo.7 West Street YuancunGuangzhou 510655China Guangdong Fans-tech Agro Co. LtdGuangdong ProvinceChina

Opening windows in coach buses is a practical approach to improving natural ventilation and mitigating infection risk(IR).Due to human behavior and weather conditions,the intermittent window opening strategy(IWOS)is a more common practice than keeping windows constantly *** its prevalence,there are no studies exploring IWOS specifically in *** employed indoor-outdoor coupled CFD simulations to assess the effects of various IWOS on pathogen-laden droplet(PLD)dispersion and IR in a coach bus that occurred a COVID-19 outbreak in Hunan,*** reveal that after ventilating through two skylights for 600–1800 s,opening front and rear windows(FW+RW)or FW with a wind catcher(FW+WCH)for just 40 s can reduce PLD concentration(Cave)to 5%of its initial level and the intake fraction of the infector’s neighbor(IFn)drops by 95%.Upon closing FW+RW or FW+WCH,Cave and IFn take over 580 s to return to the pre-opening ***,intermittent FW opening halves Cave and IFn within 7 min,but leads to rapid increases upon window ***,opening FW+RW and FW+WCH intermittently have pronounced impacts on indoor PLD concentration and are applicable approaches to control respiratory disease transmission in *** to the inhaled viral dose,it is recommended to open windows when driving time is over 12 minutes to reduce infection *** scenarios like epidemiological surveys and risk assessments,where assessing passenger infection risk is vital,some behaviors of opening windows cannot be overlooked and necessitate extra attention.

关键词： infection risk computational fluid dynamics air change rate per hour natural ventilation wind catcher tracer gas dispersion

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Field synergy analysis of pollutant dispersion in street canyons and its optimization by adding wind catchers

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Building Simulation 2021年第2期14卷 391-405页

作者： Tingzhen Ming Huina Han Zhen Zhao Renaud de Richter Yongjia Wu Wei Li Nyuk Hien Wong School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan University of TechnologyNo.122 Luoshi RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430070China School of Architectural Engineering Huanggang Normal UniversityNo.146 Xingang Second RoadHuanggang438000China School of design and environment National University of Singapore4 Architecture Drive117566SingaporeSingapore Tour-Solaire.Fr 8 Impasse des PapillonsF34090MontpellierFrance School of Engineering&Applied Science Aston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUK

The microenvironment,which involves pollutant dispersion of the urban street canyon,is critical to the health of pedestrians and *** objectives of this work are twofold:(i)to effectively assess the pollutant dispersion process based on a theory and(ii)to adopt an appropriate stratigy,i.e.,wind catcher,to alleviate the pollution in the street *** dispersion in street canyons is essentially a convective mass transfer *** the convective heat transfer process and the mass transfer process are physically similar and the applicability of field synergy theory to turbulence has been verified in the literature,we apply the field synergy theory to the study of pollutant dispersion in street *** this paper,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation is conducted to investigate the effects of wind catcher,wind speed and the geometry of the street canyons on pollutant *** to the field synergy theory,Sherwood number and field synergy number are used to quantitatively evaluate the wind catcher and wind speed on the diffusion of pollutants in asymmetric street *** results show that adding wind catchers can significantly improve the air quality of the step-down street canyon and reduce the average pollutant concentrations in the street canyon by 75%.Higher wind speed enhances diffusion of pollutants differently in different geometric street canyons.

关键词： street canyon field synergy theory CFD simulation pollutant dispersion wind catcher

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Effects of vernacular architecture structure on urban sustainability case study： Qeshm Island, Iran

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第1期7卷 11-24页

作者： Hamed Mohammadi Mazraeh Mahdieh Pazhouhanfar Department of Architecture Bandar Abbas Branch Islamic Azad University Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Golestan University Gorgan Golestan Iran

The architecture of Qeshm Island includes the specific architectural style of a warm and wet area, which previously had a functional use aimed to reach a sustainable architecture and development. However, few studies on the identification of the characteristics of vernacular architecture and their roles in island stability have been performed. Thus, to understand the vernacular architecture of the island as a sustainable pattern, we discussed it separately in three aspects, namely, urban fabric, one-based architecture, and architectural details. To address our study, a part of the old fabric of the city with its existing buildings （42 buildings of 70 years of age） was selected and evaluated in a qualitative study. Results showed that in the scale of the urban fabric, factors, such as the structures of the buildings, the frame of the neighborhood spaces, and in terms of the architectural details, factors, such as bars, thickness of the watts, and the openings, are among the vernacular features of the area, playing an important rote in the stability of Qeshm Island. In general, studies showed that vernacular architecture of the island has focused on developing an orientation between the climate of the region and a good understanding of the construction.

关键词： Urban fabric Buitding form Hot and humid cli-mate Traditionat architec-ture wind catcher

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