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wind energy as a source of green hydrogen production in the USA

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Clean energy 2023年第1期7卷 8-22页

作者： Ashish Sedai Rabin Dhakal Shishir Gautam Bijaya Kumar Sedhain Biraj Singh Thapa Hanna Moussa Suhas Pol National wind Institute Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79401USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79401USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Tribhuvan UniversityPurbanchal CampusDharanNepal Green Hydrogen Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelNepal wind energy Program Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79401USA

The study incorporates an overview of the green hydrogen-production potential from wind energy in the USA,its application in power generation and the scope of substituting grey and blue hydrogen for industrial *** 10 million metric tons of grey and blue hydrogen is produced in the USA annually to fulfil the industrial demand,whereas,for 1 million metric tons of hydrogen generated,13 million metric tons of CO_(2) are released into the *** research aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the green hydrogen technology value chain and a case study on the production of green hydrogen from an 8-MW wind turbine installed in the southern plain region of *** research estimates that the wind-farm capacity of 130 gigawatt-hours is required to substitute grey and blue hydrogen for fulfilling the current US annual industrial hydrogen demand of 10 million metric *** study investi-gates hydrogen-storage methods and the scope of green hydrogen-based storage facilities for energy produced from a wind *** research focuses on the USA’s potential to meet all its industrial and other hydrogen application requirements through green hydrogen.

关键词： green hydrogen wind energy electrolysis greenhouse gases

A triboelectric/electromagnetic hybrid generator for efficient wind energy collection and power supply for electronic devices

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第9期64卷 2003-2011页

作者： XU GuanPing ZHENG YouBin FENG YanGe MA ShaoChen LUO Ning FENG Min CHEN ShouGang WANG DaoAi State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Qingdao 266100China

Harvesting energy from ambient environment has been considered as a promising strategy for driving portable electronic devices in a sustainable way. A wind driven triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator has been fabricated to convert wind energy into electricity. It is composed of an electromagnetic generator(EMG) and a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG) with the output power of 35 and 0.32 mW, respectively when the wind speed is 5 m/s. Generally, TENG shows a low current output with a high voltage output characteristic, on the contrary the EMG shows a high current output and a low voltage output. This hybrid nanogenerator overcomes these problems and exhibits comprehensive and efficient performance on scavenging ***, in view of the output performance and charging ability of the hybrid nanogenerator, it shows high stability, making it suitable for charging capacitors or batteries and driving portable electronics sustainably. A new structure of integrated TENG and EMG was designed to harvest wind energy, which shows potential applications in portable and small device power supply system, especially in the areas of remote mountains, deserts, islands, etc., as emergency power supply.

关键词： TENG electromagnetic generator wind energy self-powered selective power supply

A Survey on Model Predictive Control of DFIGs in wind energy Conversion Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1085-1104页

作者： Shuo Yan Junyu Chen Minghao Wang Yongheng Yang Jose M.Rodriguez STEM College RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City(UM) Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Universidad San Sebastin Campus BellavistaSantiago de ChileCLSantiago de Chile 000000Chile IEEE

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the model predictive control(MPC)of doubly fed induction generators(DFIG)in wind energy conversion systems(WECS);in particular the MPC of the rotor side *** general principle of prevalent MPC strategies is discussed to introduce the theoretical framework in the first ***,mainstream and high-performance MPC methods of DFIGs have been identified as model predictive current control(MPCC),model predictive torque control(MPTC),and model predictive power control(MPPC).Starting from analyzing dynamic models,these MPC strategies are investigated in terms of operating principles and technical *** paper further investigates implementation of MPC strategies in unbalanced *** on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of several case studies,performance of various MPC schemes is compared and their special features are *** for designing MPC strategies of DFIGs in WECS are provided.

关键词： Doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) model predictive control(MPC) wind energy

A Detail Investigation on the Antarctic wind energy

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China Ocean Engineering 2023年第4期37卷 698-708页

作者： WANG Kai-shan WU Di ZHENG Chong-wei TAO Gui-sheng LI Wei GAO Yuan-bo YU Yue WU Kai Dalian Naval Academy Dalian 116018China Marine Resources and Environment Research Group on the Maritime Silk Road Dalian 116018China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China

The scientific development of wind energy based on local conditions is conducive to the urgent energy demand and environmental protection of Antarctic *** this study,the ERA5 reanalysis data are used to evaluate the wind energy resources in the Antarctic region.A series of key indicators,such as wind power density,effective wind speed occurrence,energy level occurrence and stability,are comprehensively considered by using climate statistical analysis methods to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Antarctic wind energy *** results show that the Antarctic region contains abundant wind energy resources,which benefits the construction of scientific research *** superior areas are the Southern Ocean and the coast of the East Antarctica,followed by the Transantarctic Mountains,the coast of the Bellingshausen Sea and Amundsen *** areas have advantages in terms of wind power density(500-2500 W/m2),effective wind speed occurrence(80%-90%),energy level occur-rence(60%-90%)and stability(Cv:0.6-1,Mv:1.2-1.8,Sv:0.8-1.2).The Antarctic’s wind energy resources in wind power density,effective wind speed occurrence and energy level occurrence in autumn and winter are better than those in summer,while the coefficient of variation in summer is worse than that in autumn and winter.

关键词： Antarctic wind energy resource evaluation temporal and spatial characteristics

A humidity resistant and high performance triboelectric nanogenerator enabled by vortex-induced vibration for scavenging wind energy

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3246-3253页

作者： Yan Wang Tianyu Chen Shuowen Sun Xiangyu Liu Zhiyuan Hu Zhenhui Lian Long Liu Qiongfeng Shi Hao Wang Jianchun Mi Tongming Zhou Chengkuo Lee Minyi Xu Dalian Key Lab of Marine Micro/Nano energy and Self-powered System Marine Engineering CollegeDalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS(CISM) National University of Singapore Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576Singapore3 College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

wind energy is a promising renewable energy source for a low-carbon *** study is to develop a fully packaged vortexinduced vibration triboelectric nanogenerator(VIV-TENG)for scavenging wind *** VIV-TENG consists of a wind vane,internal power generation unit,an external frame,four springs,a square cylinder and a circular *** internal power generation unit consists of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)balls,a honeycomb frame and two copper *** from most of the previous wind energy harvesting TENGs,the bouncing PTFE balls are fully packaged in the square *** distinct design separates the process of contact electrification from the external environment,and at the same time avoids the frictional wear of the ordinary wind energy harvesting *** corresponding VIV parameters are investigated to evaluate their influence on the vibration behaviors and the energy *** state of the VIV-TENG corresponds to the high output performance from the *** distinct,robust structure ensures the full-packaged VIV-TENG can harvest wind energy from arbitrary directions and even in undesirable weather *** study proposes a novel TENG configuration for harvesting wind energy and the VIV-TENG proves promising powering micro-electro-mechanical appliances.

关键词： vortex-induced vibration wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator self-powered

Modeling,Parameter Measurement,and Control of PMSG-based Grid-connected wind energy Conversion System

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2021年第5期9卷 1054-1065页

作者： Mohammad Kamruzzaman Khan Prince Graduate Mohammad TArif Ameen Gargoom Aman MTOo Md Enamul Haque Renewable energy&Electric Vehicle(REEV)Lab Centre for Smart Power&Energy Research(cSPER)School of EngineeringDeakin UniversityWaurn pondsAustralia

The design of reliable controllers for wind energy conversion systems(WECSs)requires a dynamic model and accurate parameters of the wind *** this paper,a dynamic model and the parameter measurement and control of a direct-drive variable-speed WECS with a permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)are *** experimental method is developed for measuring the key parameters of the *** measured parameters are used in the design of the *** generator-side converter is controlled using a vector control scheme that maximizes the power extraction under varying wind speeds.A model predictive controller(MPC)is designed for the grid-side voltage source converter(VSC)to regulate the active and reactive power flows to the power grid by controlling the d-and q-axis currents in the synchronous reference *** MPC predicts the future values of the control variables and takes control actions based on the minimum value of the cost *** comply with the grid code requirement,a modified design approach for an LCL filter is presented and incorporated into the *** design process is simple and incorporates significant filter parameters while avoiding iterative *** comparative analysis of the designed filter with conventional L,LC,and iterative LCL filters demonstrates the effectiveness of the modified design *** proposed wind energy system with MPC and LCL filter is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally implemented in the laboratory using the dSpace digital signal processor(DSP)*** simulation and experimental results validate the efficacy of the designed controllers using the measured parameters and show dynamic and steady-state performance under varying wind speeds.

关键词： wind energy permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) parameter measurement model predictive controller(MPC) LCL filter

Triboelectric nanogenerators with gold-thin-film-coated conductive textile as floating electrode for scavenging wind energy

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 101-113页

作者： Bhaskar Dudem Dong Hyun Kim Jae Su Yu Department of Electronic Engineering Kyung Hee University 1732 Deogyeong-daero Giheung-gu Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446-701Republic of Korea

We report triboelectric nanogenerators （TENGs） composed of a flexible and cost-effective gold-coated conductive textile （CT） to convert wind energy into electricity. The Au-coated CT is employed because of its high surface roughness resulting from Au nanodots distributed on microsized fibers. Thus, the Au-coated CT with nano/microarchitecture plays an important role in enhancing the effective contact area as well as the output performance of the TENG. Moreover, the surface roughness of the Au-coated CT is controlled by adjusting the Au thermal deposition time or tailoring the diameter of the Au nanodots. At an applied wind speed of 10 m.s-1, a wind-based TENG （W-TENG） with dimensions of 75 mm × 12 mm ×25 mm produces an open-circuit voltage （Voc） of - 39 V and a short-circuit current （Isc） of - 3 A by using the airflow-induced vibrations of an optimized Au-coated CT between two flat polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） layers. To further specify the device performance, the electric output of the W-TENG is analyzed by varying several parameters such as the distance between the PDMS layer and Au-coated CT, applied wind speed, external load resistance, and surface roughness of the PDMS layers. Introducing an inverse micropyramid architecture on the PDMS layers further improves the output performance of the W-TENG, which exhibits the highest Voc （- 49 V） and Isc （- 5μA） values at an applied wind speed of 6.8 m.s-1. Additionally, the reliability of the W-TENG is also tested by measuring its output current during long-term cyclic operation. Furthermore, the rectified output signals observed by the W-TENG device are used as a direct power source to light 45 green commercial light-emitting diodes connected in series and also to charge capacitors （100 and 4.7μF）. Finally, the output performance of the W-TENG device in an actual windy situation is also investigated.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerators Au-coated conductivetextile polydimethylsiloxanelayer wind energy

Investigation on the spatiotemporal complementarity of wind energy resources in China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第3期55卷 725-734页

作者： LIU Yi XIAO LiYe1,2 WANG HaiFeng LIN LiangZhen DAI ShaoTao Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China The Queen's University of Belfast Belfast BT95AHUK

wind power resources are abundant in China,especially in northern China and eastern coastal areas of ***,wind energy has intermittent and unstable characteristics,which leads to random power output and limits the large-scale utilization of wind energy *** has been shown that geographically dispersed wind plants have obvious spatiotemporal offsetting *** output from each individual site exhibits the power ups and ***,when we simulate power lines connecting sites over a certain region,the output from them changes slowly and rarely reaches either very low or full *** using the spatiotemporal complementarity of wind resources effectively is highly beneficial to the smoothing of power *** paper investigates the spatiotemporal complementarity of wind resources in China based on the relevant data of wind energy resources,which are offered by China Meteorological Administration(CMA).

关键词： wind energy complementarity renewable energy

On the environmental information for solar and wind energy facilities

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第5期55卷 796-801页

作者： WENG FuZhong LIU QuanHua ZOU XiaoLei National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Camp SpringsMD 20746USA Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation Camp SpringsMD 20746USA Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306-4520USA Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044China

wind and solar energy are projected to be major sources of the world's power in the coming *** this study,we first introduce satellite observations for surface solar irradiance and wind,and then discuss using the data for prediction and assessment of energy *** the current NCEP global forecast model (GFS),the global mean and standard deviation of solar power at the surface for the 5-d forecast are about 212 and 124 W/m2,*** a 24-h forecast of a 3-h mean,the relative error is about 30%,and for a prediction of the daily mean,it is about 15%.The relative error of wind power forecasts for a 24-h forecast of a 3-h mean and a daily mean is 70% and 35%,*** reanalysis results based on satellite observations and numerical weather prediction model are also used to study the distribution of solar and wind energy and the variation of the distribution related to climate *** significant trend in downward solar radiation is found at the surface in the reanalysis data *** wind power however exhibits a significant positive trend as the global temperature is warming up.A comparison of a decadal mean wind energy between two decades (from 1949 to 1958 *** 1999 to 2008) shows that most of Asia had experienced a decrease in surface wind ***,decisions about renewable energy developments need to consider such climate change scenarios.

关键词： wind energy solar energy predictability assessment