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Frequency Regulation of Power Systems With a wind farm by Sliding-Mode-Based Design

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第11期9卷 1980-1989页

作者： Zhiwen Deng Chang Xu the College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Load frequency regulation is an essential auxiliary service used in dealing with the challenge of frequency stability in power systems that utilize an increasing proportion of wind *** investigate a load frequency control method for multiarea interconnected power systems integrated with wind farms,aimed to eliminate the frequency deviation in each area and the tie-line power deviation between different *** method explores the derivative and integral terminal sliding mode control technology to solve the problem of load frequency *** technology employs the concept of relative ***,the subsystems of wind-integrated interconnected power systems have different relative degrees,complicating the control *** study develops the derivative and integral terminal sliding-mode-based controllers for these subsystems,realizing the load frequency ***,closed-loop stability is guaranteed with the theory of Lyapunov ***,both a thermal power system and a wind power system are applied to provide frequency support in this *** both constant and variable external disturbances,several numerical simulations were carried out in a two-area thermal power system with a wind *** results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the developed method.

关键词： Load frequency control(LFC) power system sliding mode control(SMC) wind farm

Analysis and stabilization control of a voltage source controlled wind farm under weak grid conditions

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第6期16卷 943-955页

作者： Shun SANG Chen ZHANG Jianwen ZHANG Gang SHI Fujin DENG School of Electrical Engineering Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion of the Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Electrical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

This paper investigates and discusses the interaction stability issues of a wind farm with weak grid connections,where the wind turbines(WTs)are controlled by a new type of converter control strategy referred to as the voltage source(VS)*** primary intention of the VS control method is to achieve the high-quality inertial response capability of a single ***,when it is applied to multiple WTs within a wind farm,its weakgrid performance regarding the stability remains concealed and needs to be *** this end,a frequency domain model of the wind farm under the VS control is first *** on this model and the application of a stability margin quantification index,not only the interactions between the wind farm and the weak grid but also those among WTs will be systematically assessed in this paper.A crucial finding is that the inertial response of VS control has negative impacts on the stability margin of the system,and the dominant instability mode is more related to the interactions among the WTs rather than the typical grid-wind farm *** on this knowledge,a stabilization control strategy is then proposed,aiming for stability improvements of VS control while fulfilling the demand of inertial ***,all the results are verified by time-domain simulations in power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC(PSCAD/EMTDC).

关键词： weak grids voltage source(VS)control wind turbine(WT) stabilization control wind farm inertial response

Coordination Control Method for Preventing Sub/Super Synchronous Oscillations of Multi-wind farm Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第5期9卷 1655-1665页

作者： Guoqing He Weisheng Wang Haijiao Wang China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China

In recent years,sub/super-synchronous oscillations occur frequently in large-scale wind power bases throughout *** the oscillation frequencies are close to the fundamental frequency,the current components can spread over a large area,and may destroy the shafting of rotating devices in the power *** the control strategy and parameters of wind turbines can prevent this problem to some extent,however,due to complex operational conditions and continuous development of wind power,the off-line improvement measures on wind turbines cannot eliminate the potential oscillation *** paper proposes an oscillation risk screening and stability assessment method,and develops a coordination control method for large-scale wind farm systems to prevent sub/supersynchronous *** Nyquist criterion and the modal analysis method are combined to generate quantitative factors for the stability assessment and the control strategy *** coordination control method consists of minute-level power coordinated allocation and second-level fast power control to prevent and eliminate the oscillations.A detailed simulation model of a multiple wind farms system originated from an actual wind power base in China is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Coordination control prevention sequence impedance sub/super-synchronous oscillations wind farm

Impedance Analysis Considering Unstable Subsystem Poles for MMC-HVDC-based wind farm Integration System

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 634-639页

作者： Ke Ji Hui Pang Shan Liu Guangfu Tang China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing100192China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Beijing 102211China

Employing the AC/DC impedance analysis method,extensive research has been conducted on issues pertaining to harmonic resonance observed in wind farm-connected MMCHVDC systems over the past 5 *** general,this method divides the studied system into two subsystems at AC and DC ***,the impedance produced by these subsystems can be used to determine the system stability by implementing Nyquist criterion or generalized Nyquist stability ***,the existing impedance analysis methods usually assume the subsystems to be stable and disregard certain special cases with potentially unstable subsystems,where the unstable poles of these subsystems must be evaluated before applying Nyquist *** view of this consideration,a simplified method for identifying unstable subsystem poles is presented in this ***,the shortcoming of existing impedance analyses is rectified by considering the unstable subsystem *** proposed method and the stability analyses are validated by the electromagnetic transient simulation performed in PSCAD/EMTDC.

关键词： AC/DC side impedance method harmonic resonance MMC-HVDC small-signal stability wind farm

Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of wind farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 791-802页

作者： Xu Zhang Chen Zhao Junchao Ma Long Zhang Dan Sun Chenxu Wang Yan Peng Heng Nian the School of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Corporation Hangzhou 310014China

With the increasing wind power penetration in the power system,the auxiliary frequency control(AFC)of wind farm(WF)has been widely *** traditional system frequency response(SFR)model is not suitable for the wind power generation system due to its poor accuracy and *** this paper,a piecewise reduced-order frequency response(PROFR)model is proposed,and an optimized auxiliary frequency control(O-AFC)scheme of WF based on the P-ROFR model is ***,a full-order frequency response model considering the change in operating point of wind turbine is established to improve the *** order to simplify the fullorder model,a P-ROFR model with second-order structure and high accuracy at each frequency response stage is *** on the proposed P-ROFR model,the relationship between the frequency response indexes and the auxiliary frequency controller coefficients is expressed ***,an OAFC scheme with the derived explicit expression as the optimization objective is proposed in order to improve the frequency support capability on the premise of ensuring the full release of the rotor kinetic energy and the full use of the effect of time delay on frequency ***,the effectiveness of the proposed P-ROFR model and the performance of the proposed OAFC scheme are verified by simulation studies.

关键词： Frequency response piecewise reduced-order wind farm auxiliary frequency control

Spatial dispersion of wind speeds and its influence on the forecasting error of wind power in a wind farm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第2期4卷 265-274页

作者： Gang MU Mao YANG Dong WANG Gangui YAN Yue QI Jilin Province Key Laboratory Northeast Dianli UniversityNo.169Changchun RoadJilin City 132012JilinPeople’s Republic of China

Big wind farms must be integrated to power *** power from big wind farms,with randomness,volatility and intermittent,will bring adverse impacts on the connected power *** precision wind power forecasting is helpful to reduce above adverse *** are two kinds of wind power *** is to forecast wind power only based on its time series *** other is to forecast wind power based on wind speeds from weather *** a big wind farm,due to its spatial scale and dynamics of wind,wind speeds at different wind turbines are obviously different,that is called wind speed spatial *** dispersion of wind speeds and its influence on the wind power forecasting errors have been studied in this *** error evaluation framework has been established to account for the errors caused by wind speed spatial dispersion.A case study of several wind farms has demonstrated that even ifthe forecasting average wind speed is accurate,the error caused by wind speed spatial dispersion cannot be ignored for the wind power forecasting of a wind farm.

关键词： wind farm wind speed Spatial dispersion wind power Forecasting error

Arc flash fault detection in wind farm collection feeders based on current waveform analysis

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2017年第2期5卷 211-219页

作者： Bin WANG Jiang NI Jianzhao GENG Yuanyuan LU Xinzhou DONG State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

High impedance faults(HIFs) are easy to occur in collective feeders in wind farms and may cause the cascading of wind generators tripping. This kind of faults is difficult to be detected by traditional relay or fuse due to the limited fault current values and the situation is worse in wind farms. The mostly adopted HIF detection algorithms are based on the 3rd harmonic characteristic of the fault zero-sequence currents, whereas these 3rd harmonics are very easy to be polluted by wind power back-to-back converters. In response to this problem, the typical harmonic characteristic of HIF arc flash based on Mayr’s arc model is first analyzed, and the typical fault waveforms of HIF in wind farm are presented. Then the performance of the harmonic based HIF detection algorithm is discussed,and a novel detection algorithm is proposed from the viewpoint of time domain, focusing on the convex and concave characteristic of zero-sequence current at zerocrossing points. A HIFs detection(HIFD) prototype implementing the proposed algorithm has been *** sensitivity and security of the algorithm are proved byfield data and RTDS experiments.

关键词： wind farm High impedance fault Arc flash Zero-sequence current Convex and concave characteristic

Optimization of the Active Composition of the wind farm Using Genetic Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3065-3078页

作者： Nataliya Shakhovska Mykola Medykovskyy Roman Melnyk Nataliya Kryvinska Department of Artificial Intelligence Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityLviv79013Ukraine Department of Automared Systems Control Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityLviv79013Ukraine Faculty of Management Comenius UniversityBratislava81499Slovakia

The article presents the results of research on the possibilities of using genetic algorithms for solving the multicriteria optimization problem of determining the active components of a wind *** is carried out on two parameters:efficiency factor of wind farm use(integrated parameter calculated on the basis of 6 parameters of each of the wind farm),average power deviation level(average difference between the load power and energy generation capabilities of the active wind farm).That was done an analysis of publications on the use of genetic algorithms to solve multicriteria optimization *** simulations were performed,which allowed us to analyze the obtained statistical data and determine the main optimization *** was carried out a comparative analysis of the obtained results with other methods,such as the dynamic programming method;the dynamic programming method with the general increase of the set loading;the modified dynamic programming method,neural *** is established that the average power deviation for the genetic algorithm and for the modified dynamic programming method is located at the same level,33.7 and 28.8 kW,*** average value of the efficiency coefficient of wind turbine used for the genetic algorithm is 2.4%less than for the modified dynamic programming ***,the time of finding the solution by the genetic algorithm is 3.6 times less than for the modified dynamic programming *** obtained results provide an opportunity to implement an effective decision support system in energy flow management.

关键词： wind farm genetic algorithm active composition of the wind farm optimization

Optimization of wind farm Collection Line Structure under Symmetrical Grid Fault

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 49-58页

作者： Huan Jin Xueyi Zhang Yang Zhang Qianghui Xiao Juan Li Ya Liu Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412007China

A power-transmission collection line is connected to each wind turbine of a wind farm and then connected to the incoming switchgear at the low-voltage side of the booster station at a certain ***,the grouping of the wind turbines in the wind farm determines the layout of the lines and affects the line *** line structure and composition of the wind farm are analyzed,and the relationship between the impedance of the collection line and reactive power generated by the wind turbine at low-voltage ride through is *** conclude that the smaller the equivalent impedance of the wind farm collection line structure is,the greater the reactive power at the wind farm collection line point *** addition,the economic aspect of the collection line needs to be considered in the *** economic aspect and impedance values have contrasting ***,according to the condition of minimum impedance and optimized economic aspect,an optimization model of a wind-farm collector-circuit structure is *** optimal structure of the wind farm collector circuit is calculated using the Monte Carlo method,and the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation.

关键词： wind farm symmetrical grid fault collection line optimization model