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New Concept of whiplash injuries Rehabilitation

Journal of Human Physiology 2021年第1期3卷 11-19页

作者： Piotr Godek Michal Guzek Jakub Przychodzeń Sutherland Medical Center Warszawa04-036Poland RehaDent WarszawaPoland

whiplash injuries are a global health problem and a significant financial burden for both health care systems,and insurance *** diverse symptomatology after whiplash injury both in the somatic,emotional and behavioral sphere prompted separation of the whiplash Associated Disorders(WAD)as a separate category of *** exact mechanism of whiplash injury is still under debate and theories explaining pathogenesis of WAD are very diverse ranging from purely biomechanical to neurophysiological,emphasizing central sensitization but the core disability seems to be strictly connected to somatosensory *** a result,the optimal algorithm of rehabilitation has not been established and data published in the current literature on effectiveness of such algorithms are *** on the presented here of Head Neutral Reference Point(HNRP),the objective of central desensitization is to restore valid somatosensory output from Cranio-cervical Junction(CCJ).This new concept of rehabilitation after whiplash presented here is based on clinical observations and is supported by initial results.

关键词： whiplash injuries Rehabilitation Somatosensory disorder Craniocervical injury Pain management

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A Reflection on the Management and Treatment of Cervical Spine Neuropathies with East Asian Medicine:Acupuncture

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第6期19卷 403-408页

作者： Jane Frances Wilson The Faculty of Science and Technology University of Westminster115New Cavendish StreetLondon W1W 6UWUK

There is much material demonstrating the use of acupuncture and moxibustion as an effective method of treatment in a variety of neurological conditions involving both peripheral and central nervous system dysfunction. Acupuncture＇s effects are experienced throughout the body but specifically acupuncture can be seen to contribute significantly to nerve metabolism and rebuilding. However, very little is written on the mechanisms for this nerve recovery. This paper will reflect on these mechanisms in relation to the treatment of neck problems associated with nerve root impingement.

关键词： cervical pain neck injuries nerve tissue injuries acupuncture therapy whiplash injuries Jin/sinews

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Biomechanics of whiplash injury

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2009年第5期12卷 -页

作者： CHEN Hai-bin King H YANG WANG Zheng-guo Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400042 China Bioengineering Center Wayne State University 818 W. Hancock Detroit MI 48201 USA

Despite a large number of rear-end collisions on the road and a high frequency of whiplash injuries reported, the mechanism of whiplash injuries is not completely understood. One of the reasons is that the injury is not necessarily accompanied by obvious tissue damage detectable by X-ray or MRI. An extensive series of biomechanics studies, including injury epidemiology, neck kinematics,facet capsule ligament mechanics, injury mechanisms and injury criteria, were undertaken to help elucidate these whiplash injury mechanisms and gain a better understanding of cervical facet pain. These studies provide the following evidences to help explain the mechanisms of the whiplash injury: (1) whiplash injuries are generally considered to be a soft tissue injury of the neck with symptoms such as neck pain and stiffness, shoulder weakness, dizziness, headache and memory loss, etc. (2) Based on kinematical studies on the cadaver and volunteers, there are three distinct periods that have the potential to cause injury to the neck. In the first stage, flexural deformation of the neck is observed along with a loss of cervical lordosis; in the second stage, the cervical spine assumes an S-shaped curve as the lower vertebrae begin to extend and gradually cause the upper vertebrae to extend; during the final stage, the entire neck is extended due to the extension moments at both ends. (3)The in vivo environment afforded by rodent models of injury offers particular utility for linking mechanics, nociception and behavioral outcomes. Experimental findings have examined strains across the facet joint as a mechanism of whiplash injury, and suggested a capsular strain threshold or a vertebral distraction threshold for whiplash-related injury,potentially producing neck pain. (4) injuries to the facet capsule region of the neck are a major source of post-crash pain. There are several hypotheses on how whiplash-associated injury may occur and three of these injuries are related to strains within

关键词： whiplash injuries Pain Biomechanics Neck Zygapophysel joint

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