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Characterization of wheat monogenic lines with known Sr genes and wheat cultivars for resistance to three new races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1740-1749页

作者： WU Xian-xin ZANG Chao-qun ZHANG Ya-zhao XU Yi-wei WANG Shu LI Tian-ya GAO Li State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866P.R.China Institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110161P.R.China Agronomy College Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866P.R.China

wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici(Pgt), is a potentially devastating fungal disease of wheat worldwide. The present study was to evaluate the resistance of 42 wheat monogenic lines with known stem rust resistance(Sr) genes and 69 wheat cultivars to three new Pgt races(34C0MRGQM, 34C3MKGQM, and 34C6MTGSM)identified from aeciospores at the seedling and adult-plant stages. The phenotyping results revealed that monogenic lines harboring resistance genes Sr9e, Sr17, Sr21, Sr22, Sr26, Sr30, Sr31, Sr33, Sr35, Sr36, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47, SrTmp,and SrTt3 were effectively resistant to all three Pgt races at the seedling and adult-plant stages. In contrast, monogenic lines containing Sr5, Sr6, Sr7b, Sr9a, Sr9d, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr9b, Sr16, Sr24, Sr28, and Sr39 were highly susceptible to these races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. The other lines with Sr8a, Sr10, Sr11, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr18, Sr20,Sr19, Sr23, Sr25, Sr27, Sr29, Sr32, and Sr34, displayed variable levels of resistance to one or two of the tested *** infection types(ITs) and adult-plant infection responses(IRs) indicated that 41(59.4%) of the wheat cultivars showed high resistance to all the three races. Molecular marker analysis showed that four wheat culitvars likely carried Sr2, 20 wheat culitvars likely carried Sr31, 9 wheat culitvars likely carried Sr38, and none of the cultivars carried Sr24,Sr25, and Sr26. Our results provide a scientific basis for rational utilization of the tested Sr genes and wheat cultivars against these novel Pgt races.

关键词： wheat stem rust Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici wheat cultivars resistance genes

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Postulation of Seedlings Resistance Genes to Yellow Rust in Commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第11期10卷 1723-1731页

作者： LI Ming-ju FENG Jing CAo Shi-qin LIN Rui-ming CHENG Geng CHEN Wan-quan XU Shi-chang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences Beijing 100193 P.R.China Institute of Environment and Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650205 P.R.China Institute of Plant Protection Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou 730070 P.R.China Institute of Food Crops Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650205 P.R.China

The objective of this study was to characterize yellow （stripe） rust resistance gene（s） in 52 commercial wheat cultivars from Yunnan Province in China, and to provide information for their rational deployment in field. Seedlings of wheat cultivars were inoculated with 25 differential isolates ofPuccinia striiformis from foreign and home to postulate resistance genes to yellow rust, and then validated by pedigree. There were 10 probable resistance genes characterized in these cultivars, in which, Yr9 was most commonly postulated to be present in thirteen cultivars. Yr21, the second, was present in four cultivars. Yr8, the third, were present in three cultivars. Yr6, Yrl 7 and Yr26, the fourth, was present in two cultivars respectively. The other gene（s） such as, Yr2＋YrA, Yr7 and Yr27, were only present in single cultivar（s）; unknown gene（s） or gene（s） combination（s） were present in 22 cultivars. One cultivar （Yunmai 42） had no resistance gene tested in this study. cultivars such as Yunmai 52, Mian 1971-98, Kunmai 4, and Yunmai 56 carried effective genes and can be popularized mainly; Yr9 should be planted with other Yr genes. In the meantime other effective genes should be introduced to realize gene diversity for controlling wheat yellow rust. Yunmai 42 should be reduced to avoid rust breakout. Unknown gene cultivars should be utilized and be researched deeply.

关键词： wheat cultivars yellow (stripe) rust resistance genes gene postulation

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In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of two wheat cultivars and evaluation of xylanase supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 355-368页

作者： Mickael Lafond Bernard Bouza Sandrine Eyrichine Friedrich Rouffineau Luc Saulnier Thierry Giardina Estelle Bonnin Aurélie Preynat iSm2-BiosCiences UMR 7313 Aix Marseille Université Adisseo France S.A.S. Centre d'Expertise et de Recherche en Nutrition INRA UR 1268-BiopolymeresInteractions-Assemblages

Background： The filamentous fungus Talaromyces versatifis is known to improve the metabolizable energy of wheat- based poultry diets thanks to its ability to produce a pool of CAZymes and particularly endo-β（1,4）-xylanases. In order to appreciate their in vivo mode of action, the supplementation effect of two of its xylanases, XynD and XynB from families GH10 and GHll respectively, have been evaluated on two different wheat cultivars Caphorn and Isengrain, which were chosen amongst 6 varieties for their difference in non starch polysaccharides content and arabinoxylan composition. Results： Polysaccharides digestion was followed during 6 h along the digestive tract using the TNO gastrointestinal model-1, to mimic monogastric metabolism. Polysaccharide degradation appeared to occur mainly at the jejunal level and was higher with Isengrain than with Caphorn. For both cultivars, XynD and XynB supplementation increased notably the amount of reducing end sugars into the jejuno-ileal dialysates, which has been confirmed by a valuable increase of the soluble glucose into the jejunal dialysates. Conclusions： The amounts of arabinose and xylose into the dialysates and ileal deliveries increased consequently mainly for Caphorn, suggesting that XynD and XynB supplementation in wheat-based diet could alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of arabinoxylans by limiting the physical entrapment of starch and could increase the available metabolizable energy.

关键词： in vitro TNO gastrointestinal model-1 Talaromyces versatilis wheat cultivars XynB XynD

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Field Screening of Lesotho and South African wheat cultivars for Russian wheat Aphid Resistance

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第5期4卷 268-278页

作者： Astrid Jankielsohn Pitso Masupha Lintle Mohase Crop Protection ARC-Small Grain Institute Bethlehem South Africa Department Crop Protection National University of Lesotho Roma Lesotho Department of Plant Physiology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa

Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is an international wheat pest and was first recorded in South Africa in 1978 in the Bethlehem area in the Eastern Free State. Le-sotho lies adjacent to one of the largest wheat producing areas in South Africa, the Eastern Free State, where winter wheat and facultative types are cultivated under dry land conditions. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop adapted to all agro-ecological zones of Lesotho. Russian wheat aphid may have a significant impact on wheat yield. No monitoring or pest control is being done in Lesotho and at this stage there is very little information on the Russian wheat aphid resistance of wheat culti-vars cultivated in Lesotho. In view of this it is important to monitor the distribution of Russian wheat aphid biotypes in Lesotho and determine the level of Russian wheat aphid resistance in local Lesotho wheat cultivars. Two local Lesotho wheat cultivars, Bolane and Makalaote were screened together with South African cultivars Elands, Matlabas, Senqu, PAN3379, PAN3118 and SST387, in the glasshouse against all four known biotypes that occur in South Africa. All these cultivars were also planted in 5 m plots in the field at two localities Leribe and Roma in the lowlands of Lesotho. These cultivars were screened in the field for Russian wheat aphid resistance. The predomi-nant Russian wheat aphid biotypes in these areas were also determined. The Lesotho cultivar, Bolane had resistance against RWASA2 in the glasshouse, while Makalaote did not have any Russian wheat aphid resistance in either the glasshouse or field screenings. To contribute to food security an increasing wheat yield potential is a high priority. Russian wheat aphid has been included in the list of important international cereal pests. Russian wheat aphid adapts to changing environments and taking their ecology, distribution, virulence patterns, and variability into account is important in minimizing the gap between actual and attainab

关键词： Russian wheat Aphid Biotypes wheat cultivars Lesotho Field Screening Resistance

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Resistance Analysis of wheat cultivars against Powdery Mildew in Anhui Province of China

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2013年第5期4卷 20-22页

作者： Chen Li Yao Dongming Zhang Shasha Ding Kejian College of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural University

[ Objective ] The paper was to determine the resistance level of the tried and pre-examination wheat cultivars against powdery mildew in Anhui Province of China. [ Method ] By using artificial inoculation and identification method in fields, the resistance of wheat cultivars was identified in consecutive three years from 2010 to 2012. [ Result] The highly susceptible （HS） cultivar accounted for 30%, 42% and 11% of total tested cultivars in the years of 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively; moderately susceptible （MS） cultivar accounted for 53% of total tested cuhivars in 2010, which accounted for 47% and 57% in 2011 and 2012, respectively; moderately resistant （MR） cuhivar accounted for 17% of total tested cultivars in 2010, which accounted for 11% and 32% in 2011 and 2012, respectively. [ Conclusion] The paper can guide breeding direction, and also provide scientific basis for variety approval.

关键词： wheat cultivars Powdery mildew Artificial inoculation Resistance identification

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Ecophysiological Characteristics Associated with Increase in Yield of wheat cultivars

Ecophysiological Characteristics Associated with Increase in...

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中国作物学会2005年学术年会

作者： LIU He-qin Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology utlization,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural sciences,Hangzhou 310021 JIANG Gao-ming ZHANG Qide Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100093 SUN Jiazhu Institute of Crop Science,Beijing Academy of Agroforestry,Beijing,10089

Three winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars,representatives of those widely cultivated in the farmland near Beijing over the past six decades,were grown in the same environmental conditions,and studied the relationship between ecophysiological features and *** showed that flag leaves of Jingdong 8 with the highest yield(released in 1990s’)had the highest net photosynthetic rate(P),transpiration(E),stoma conductance,highest photorespiration,and lowest dark respiration among the three cultivars from the booting to grain filling *** grain filling stage,it also had the highest P under different CO concentrations and photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD).However,during latter developing stage,flag leaves of Yanda 1817 still stayed green and had the highest *** study on the relationship between source and sink,revealed that Jingdong 8 had a better balance between source and sink, and had a highest harvest index(HI),grain weight per ear and 1000grain *** concluded that improvement in yield of wheat cultivars was not only associated with the higher photosynthesis,but also with lower dark respiration and a better balance between source and sink.

关键词： wheat cultivars yield gas exchange respiration photorespiration source and sink

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