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The nitrogen transformation behavior based on the pyrolysis products of wheat straw

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 58-65页

作者： Shun Guo Yunfei Li Shengwei Tang Tao Zhang School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

In order to provide basic design parameters for the industrial pyrolysis process,the transformation behavior of nitrogen was investigated using wheat straw as raw *** distributions of nitrogen in pyrolysis char,oil,and gas were obtained and the nitrogenous components in the products were analyzed systematically by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)and thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(TG-FTIR).The nitrogen distribution ranges of the pyrolysis char,oil,and gas were 37.34%–54.82%,32.87%–40.94%and 10.20%–28.83%,*** nitrogen was retained in char at lower pyrolysis temperature and the nitrogen distribution of oil was from rise to decline with increasing *** most abundant N-containing compounds in three-phase products were pyrrole-N,amines,and HCN,*** addition,the transformation mechanism of nitrogen from wheat straw to pyrolysis products was concluded.

关键词： Pyrolysis Nitrogen transformation wheat straw Py-GC/MS TG-FTIR

Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第12期26卷 2484-2492页

作者： Chong Wang Jiane Zuo Xiaojie Chen Wei Xing Linan Xing Peng Li Xiangyang Lu Chao Li College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC) School of Environment Tsinghua University Bioprocess control (Sweden) Co. Ltd. Beijing Representative Office

The microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic reactor（ITPAR）were investigated by 16 S r DNA clone library technology. The 75 L reactor was designed with a 25 L rotating acidogenic unit at the top and a 50 L conventional upflow methanogenic unit at the bottom, with a recirculation connected to the two units. The reactor had been operated for 21 stages to co-digest fruit/vegetable wastes and wheat straw, which showed a very good biogas production and decomposition of cellulosic materials. The results showed that many kinds of cellulose and glycan decomposition bacteria related with Bacteroidales,Clostridiales and Syntrophobacterales were dominated in the reactor, with more bacteria community diversities in the acidogenic unit. The methanogens were mostly related with Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina, Methanoculleus, Methanospirillum and Methanobacterium; the predominating genus Methanosaeta, accounting for 40.5%, 54.2%, 73.6% and 78.7% in four samples from top to bottom, indicated a major methanogenesis pathway by acetoclastic methanogenesis in the methanogenic unit. The beta diversity indexes illustrated a more similar distribution of bacterial communities than that of methanogens between acidogenic unit and methanogenic unit. The differentiation of methanogenic community composition in two phases, as well as pH values and volatile fatty acid（VFA） concentrations confirmed the phase separation of the ITPAR. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the special designing of ITPAR maintained a sufficient number of methanogens, more diverse communities and stronger syntrophic associations among microorganisms, which made two phase anaerobic digestion of cellulosic materials more efficient.

关键词： Integrated two-phase anaerobic digestion 16S r DNA clone library Fruit/vegetable waste wheat straw Co-digestion

Effect of ultrasonic assisted KOH pretreatment on physiochemical characteristic and anaerobic digestion performance of wheat straw

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第9期28卷 2409-2416页

作者： Rashid Mustafa Korai Xiujin Li Department of Environmental Science&Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Department of Petroleum&Gas Engineering Dawood University of Engineering&TechnologyNew M-A.Jinnah RoadKarachi-74800Pakistan

In this study,ultrasonic field was applied during potassium hydroxide(KOH) pretreatment of wheat straw(WS).Three concentrations of KOH(2%,4%,and 6%) were tested during *** results showed that there was a significant influence of the ultrasonic assisted KOH pretreatment(KOH(Upt)) on physiochemical characteristics of WS during pretreatment as well as on digester *** pretreatment time was optimized to 36 h for all KOH *** highest total volatile fatty acid(TVFA) productions(3189 mg·L^-1) from 6%KOHupt samples were ***,the SEM analysis and FTIR observation revealed that KOH(Upt) effectively disrupted the physical morphology of WS and successful breaking of lignin and hemicellulose linkage between carboxyl ***,the highest biogasification(555 ml·(g VS(loaded))^-1) and biomethane productions(282 ml·(g VS(loaded))^-1) from 4%KOH(Upt) digesters,with 69% of biodegradability,indicated significant availability of organic matter from KOH(Upt).The R^2 values(0.993-0.998) in Modified Gompertz Model indicated that the model was feasible to predict methane yield for this ***,the Bo values for 4%KOH(Upt)(283.30±2.74 ml·(gVS(loaded))^-1) were also in agreement to the experimental methane *** results suggested that ultrasonic addition during KOH pretreatment of WS can effectively increase the organic yield during ***,the increase in methane production from 4% KOH(Upt) suggested that digester performance can be improved with lower KOH concentrations using this pretreatment.

关键词： Ultrasonic pretreatment Potassium hydroxide(KOH) wheat straw Anaerobic digestion Biogasification Biomethane

Dissolution of highly molecular weight cellulose isolated from wheat straw in deep eutectic solvent of Choline/L-Lysine hydrochloride

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Green Energy & Environment 2020年第2期5卷 232-239页

作者： Jiake Wang Yan Wang Zhongzheng Ma Lifeng Yan CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of Chemical PhysicsiCHEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

Green solvents for cellulose dissolution is a key topic for green chemistry,especially natural cellulose with high molecular weight,and there are scarce solvents *** eutectic solvent(DES)is a typical kind of green solvent that has been attracted much attention ***,high molecular weight natural cellulose(DP>3000)was first isolated from wheat straw and then be directly dissolved in the choline/L-lysine(Ch/Lys)*** solution owns excellent stability,and the solubility reaches^5%.Rheological studies revealed that the natural cellulose can be well dispersed in the DES solution and showed gelation at high *** dissolved cellulose can be regenerated when the dilute acid aqueous solution was added into the *** provides an energy conversation and an environmentally friendly route to prepare a cellulose solution,which makes it possible to convert cellulose to valuable chemicals and materials in its homogeneous solution.

关键词： Deep eutectic solvent(DES) Choline/L-Lysine hydrochloride wheat straw Natural cellulose Solvent

Cement-bonded particleboard with a mixture of wheat straw and poplar wood

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 381-390页

作者： Morteza Nazerian Vajiihe Sadeghiipanah Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology University of Zabol

We investigated the hydration behavior and some physical/mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboard （CBPB） containing particles of wheat straw and poplar wood at various usage ratios and bonded with Portland cement mixed with different levels of inorganic additives. We determined the setting time and compression strength of cement pastes containing different additives and particles, and studied the effects of these additives and particles on thickness swelling, internal bond strength and modulus of rupture of CBPB by using RSM （Response Surface Methodology）. The mathematical model equations （second-order response functions） were derived to optimize properties of CBPB by computer simulation programming. Predicted values were in agreement with experimental values （R2 values of 0.93, 0.96 and 0.96 for TS, IB and MOR, respectively）. RSM can be efficiently applied to model panel properties. The variables can affect the properties of panels. The cement composites with bending strength 〉 12.5 MPa and internal bond strength 〉 0.28 MPa can be made by using wheat straw as a reinforcing material. straw particle usage up to 11.5% in the mixture satisfies the minimum requirements of International Standard, EN 312 （2003） for IB and MOR. The dose of 4.95% calcium chloride, by weight of cement, can improve mechanical properties of the panels at the minimum requirement of EN 312. By increasing straw content from 0 to 30%, TS was reduced by increasing straw particle usage up to 1.5% and with 5.54% calcium chloride in the mixture, TS satisfied the EN 312 standard.

关键词： cement-bonded particleboard wheat straw poplar additives setting time physical and mechanical properties

Oxidative chemical pretreatment by piranha solution for enhanced methane yield of wheat straw:mechanism and kinetic study

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 351-366页

作者： Nikita Kanaujia Shalu Rawat Jiwan Singh Department of Environmental Science Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow226025India

The present research work aims to explore the potency of piranha solutions at the best-optimized concentrations,i.e.,40%and 30%to reduce the recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure of wheat straw,and the treated wheat straw was denoted as WS40 and *** effect of pretreatment on wheat straw was determined by anaerobic digestion(AD)in a batch mode,followed by the analysis of soluble chemical oxygen demand(sCOD)and volatile fatty acids(VFAs).After pretreatment,the surface fibers shattered and detached,showing a distorted surface of wheat *** increase in the crystallinity of wheat straw after pretreatment was also observed due to the removal of amorphous cellulose and *** in methane yield was obtained on the 9th day,which was 103±6.92 and 99.33±0.57 mL/d for WS40 and WS30,*** water measurement revealed that the pretreatment of wheat straw minimized the hydrolysis period by 14 *** also improved the methane yield by 2.65(WS40)and 2.45(WS30)fold in comparison with the control which yielded 35.66 mL/d methane on the 23rd *** modified Gompertz model(MGM),logistic function model(LFM)and transference function model(TFM)adequately described the degradation process and explained the kinetic behavior of the cumulative methane *** the three models,MGM was found to fit best for the methane yield of WS40 and WS30.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion wheat straw Oxidative pretreatment Piranha solution Methane

The Effects of Three Mineral Nitrogen Sources and Zinc on Maize and wheat straw Decomposition and Soil Organic Carbon

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2768-2777页

作者： Ogunniyi Jumoke Esther GUO Chun-hui TIAN Xiao-hong LI Hong-yun ZHOU Yang-xue College of Natural Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F University

The incorporation of straw in cultivated ifelds can potentially improve soil quality and crop yield. However, the presence of recalcitrant carbon compounds in straw slow its decomposition rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen sources, with and without the application of zinc, on straw decomposition and soil quality. Soils were treated with three different nitrogen sources, with and without zinc： urea （CO（NH2）2）, ammonium sulfate （（NH4）2SO4）, and ammonium chloride （NH4Cl）. The combined treatments were as follows：maize （M） and wheat （W） straw incorporated into urea-, ammonium sulfate-, or ammonium chloride-treated soil （U, S, and C, respectively） with and without zinc （Z）（MU, MUZ, WU, WUZ;MS, MSZ, WS, WSZ;MC, MCZ, WC, WCZ, respectively）;straw with zinc only （MZ, WZ）;straw with untreated soil （MS, WS）;and soil-only or control conditions （NT）. The experiment consisted of 17 treatments with four replications. Each pot contained 150 g soil and 1.125 g straw, had a moisture content of 80%of the ifeld capacity, and was incubated for 53 days at 25°C. The rates of CO2-C emission, cumulative CO2-C evolution, total CO2 production in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer decomposition rates. The total organic carbon （TOC）, labile organic carbon （LOC）, and soil microbial biomass in the soils of different treatments were measured to infer soil quality. All results were signiifcantly different （P〈0.05） with the exception of the labile organic carbon （LOC）. The maize and wheat straw showed different patterns in CO2 evolution rates. For both straw types, Zn had a synergic effect with U, but an antagonistic effect with the other N sources as determined by the total CO2 produced. The MUZ treatment showed the highest decomposition rate and cumulative CO2 concentration （1 120.29 mg/pot）, whereas the WACZ treatment had the lowest cumulative CO2 concentration （1 040.57 mg/pot）. The addition of NH4Cl resulted in the highest

关键词： nitrogen sources zinc carbon fractions straw mineralization wheat straw maize straw LOC

The effect of increased atmospheric temperature and CO_2 concentration during crop growth on the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of wheat straw

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 455-462页

作者： Xiangyu He Yanping Wu Min Cai Chunlong Mu Weihong Luo Yanfen Cheng Weiyun Zhu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health Laboratory of Gastrointestinal MicrobiologyNanjing Agricultural University College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of increased atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration during crop growth on the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of wheat straw. The field experiment was carried out from November 2012 to June 2013 at Changshu （31°32′93″N, 120°41′88″E） agro-ecological experimental station. A total of three treatments were set. The concentration of CO2 was increased to 500 pmol/mol in the first treatment （CO2 group）. The temperature was increased by 2℃ in the second treatment （TEM group） and the concentration of CO2 and temperature were both increased in the third treatment （CO2 ＋ TEM group）. The mean temperature and concentration of CO2 in control group were 10.5 ℃ and 413μmol/mol. At harvesting, the wheat straws were collected and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Results showed that dry matter was significantly increased in all three treatments. Ether extracts and neutral detergent fiber were significantly increased in TEM and CO2 ＋ TEM groups. Crude protein was significantly decreased in CO2＋TEM group. In vitro digestibility analysis of wheat straw revealed that gas production was significantly decreased in CO2 and CO2 ＋ TEM groups. Methane production was significantly decreased in TEM and CO2 ＋ TEM groups. Ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein were significantly decreased in all three treatments. Total volatile fatty acids were significantly decreased in CO2 and CO2 ＋ TEM groups. In conclusion, the chemical composition of the wheat straw was affected by temperature and CO2 and the in vitro digestibility of wheat straw was reduced, especially in the combined treatment of temperature and CO2.

关键词： Chemical composition CO2 In vitro digestibility Temperature wheat straw

Assessment of densified fuel quality parameters:A case study for wheat straw pellet

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第1期8卷 45-58页

作者： Bidhan Nath Guangnan Chen Les Bowtell Raid Ahmed Mahmood School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of ZakhoZakho 44001Iraq

An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of additive mixing with wheat straw(WS)for pellet *** study manufactured seven types of pellets with different additive combina-tions to evaluate pellet quality characteristics and their relationships.A laboratory-type hammer mill and a pellet mill were used for feedstock preparation and pellet *** investigations showed that the lignin content increased from 7.0%to 13.1%,which was a primary need for ***,the heating value rose from 17.02 to 20.36 MJ/***,the ash content also increased from 7.09%to 16.2%.Results showed that dimension(length and diame-ter),durability,and tensile strength increased significantly with additives while the fines content *** fines content had an inverse relationship with durability and *** straw(60%),together with 10%sawdust(SD),10%corn starch(CS),10%bentonite clay(BC),and 10%biochar(BiC),was optimal with good pellet performance(T7).In addition,both the T5 pellets(70%WS,10%SD,10%BiC,and 10%BC)and the T6 pellets(70%WS,10%SD,10%BiC,and 10%CS)provide suitable quality according to EN plus 2015 standard *** ash content of produced pellet was higher than the recommended value,which suggests that further research onto the alternative additive use for ash reduction is needed.

关键词： Biomass wheat straw Pellet quality Properties relationship Additive/binding material