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Annotated checklist and fisheries interactions of cetaceans in Togo, with evidence of Antarctic minke whale in the Gulf of Guinea

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 1-13页

作者： Gabriel H.SEGNIAGBETO Koen VAN WAEREBEEK Joseph EBOWESSIDJAOU Koffivi KETOH Takouda KKPATCHA Kotchikpa OKOUMASSOU Kossi AHOEDO Department of Zoology and Animal Biology University of LoméLoméTogo Agbo-Zegué Togolese Society for Nature ConservationLoméTogo Conservation and Research of West African Aquatic Mammals(COREWAM) c/o Department of Marine and Fisheries SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research LimaPeru Department of Fauna and Hunting Ministry of Environment and Forest ResourcesLoméTogo Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of AgricultureAnimal Breeding and FisheriesLoméTogo

Based on strandings and captures,9 cetacean species,including 6 odontocetes and 3 mysticetes,are document-ed(photos and specimens)in Togo’s coastal waters(newly-recorded species marked with an asterisk):Antarc-tic minke whale(Balaenoptera bonaerensis*),Bryde’s whale(Balaenoptera brydei or ***),humpback whale(Megaptera novaeangliae),sperm whale(Physeter macrocephalus),pygmy sperm whale(Kogia brevi-ceps*),short-finned pilot whale(Globicephala macrorhynchus*),pantropical spotted dolphin(Stenella attenu-ata*),common bottlenose dolphin(Tursiops truncatus)and common dolphin Delphinus *** anecdotal sight-ing record for killer whale(Orcinus orca)is considered *** lack of Sousa teuszii records in Togo is consistent with its apparent contemporaneous absence in *** *** specimen,entangled in a purse seine set on small pelagics,is a first record for the Gulf of *** occurrence of this Southern Ocean species north of the equator underscores the severe gaps in our understanding of cetacean distribution off west-ern *** majority of artisanal fishermen operating in Togolese coastal waters are of Ghanaian origin and are thought to promote trade and consumption of cetacean *** captures are illegal,enforced with some success in the main fishing centers,covert landings of cetaceans are exceedingly difficult to moni-tor,quantify or *** is expressed about pollution of Togo’s coastal waters with heavy metals due to phosphorite mining and export from the coastal basin near Hahotoéand Kpogamé.

关键词： bycatches capture cetacean bushmeat dolphin Gulf of Guinea stranding whale

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ORBIT OF THE BOWHEAD whale, BALAENA MYSTICETUS

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1998年第3期16卷 267-270页

作者：祝茜 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao

The orbit of the the whale is quite modiffied, shows much more variation in comparison to that of the better studied mammals, and is composed of the maxillary bone, lacrimal bone,frontal bone, temporal bone, zygomatic bone, parietal bone and sphenoid bone. The whale’s eyeball usually protrudes beyond the bony otbital rim, based on the oborvation of this study. Our observation in this study that the whale has an enclosed orbit differs from that of Prince (1956), who mentioned that the whale has an open othit.

关键词： Bowhead whale orbit

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Utility of the Transition Phase in Earplugs of the North Pacific Common Minke whale as an Indicator of Age at Sexual Maturity

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 414-424页

作者： Hikari Maeda Yoshihiro Fujise Toshiya Kishiro Hidehiro Kato National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency Yokohama Japan The Institute of Cetacean Research Tokyo Japan Headquarters Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency Yokohama Japan Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan

whale age at sexual maturity is one of the most important biological parameters that can be used in stock management and population analysis. Earplugs have been widely used as an indicator of age among rorquals. It has also been accepted that the transition phase in the earplug can be used as an indicator of age at sexual maturity in fin whales, sei whales, and Antarctic minke whales. This study aimed to provide further insight into the utility of the transition phase as an indicator of age at sexual maturity in the North Pacific common minke whales, which has not yet been clarified. The relationship between sexual maturity and transition phase in earplugs was examined using 981 readable earplugs from common minke whales that were sampled at the JARPN and JARPN II scientific permit survey platform in the western North Pacific from 1994 to 2011. The transition phase was recognized in 53.2% of mature males and in 58.6% of mature females. Most whales in which the transition phase was recognized in the earplug were sexually mature. A significant correlation was found between the number of corpora and time after sexual maturation, as revealed by the transition phase, demonstrating that the transition phase is a valid indicator of age at sexual maturity in common minke whales. However, it was difficult to recognize the transition phase in whales that had recently attained sexual maturity because insufficient time had elapsed since its formation. To avoid potential bias, the use of earplugs as an indicator of age should be restricted to whales more than 12 years old.

关键词： Common Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata Earplug Age at Sexual Maturity Transition Phase

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Transmission of Avian Influenza Virus by Humpback whale and Its Stranding along the Atlantic Coast with CO<sub>2</sub>Emissions

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2018年第12期11卷 359-381页

作者： Tai-Jin Kim Department of Chemical Engineering University of Suwon Hwaseong City South Korea

Humpback whales are migratory, spending summers in cooler, high-latitude waters and mating and calving in tropical and subtropical waters in 14 identified district population segments. It may be possible that the coastal areas are infected with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) during the release of infected humpback whale feces. Therefore, humpback whales can be an effective reservoir of the avian influenza virus (AIV) from the Poles to the Continents to spread AIV to coastal animals. Strong ultraviolet (UV) exposure amidst CO2 emission increase and minimal sunspot number might cause mutations of aquatic virus and humpback whale in the Antarctic and the Arctic. LPAI or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is expressed in the Continents under appropriate environmental factors. Since penguins are birds while humpback whales are marine mammals, the humpback whales infected by the mutant virus might cause interspecies transmission to a new host with evolutionary changes. The migration pattern is seasonally similar between migratory bird and humpback whale except: 1) different species of bird versus whale, 2) different landing area of land versus coast, 3) similar infection means of bird feces versus humpback whale feces. The contribution of AIV transmission by whales was several times larger than that by migratory birds. Therefore, the routes of humpback whales should be considered to prevent AIV outbreaks in addition to the flyways of migratory birds. Humpback whale stranding (y) along the Atlantic Coast of the USA was correlated with CO2 emissions (x) to have y = 0.3515x + 18.595 (R2 = 0.4069) during 1992-2016 while y = 0.0652x + 4.5847, (R2 = 0.6128) during 2016-2018. AIV outbreak in 2010 (y) along the Atlantic Coast was also correlated with humpback whale stranding (2016-2018) (x) as y = 0.1387x + 6.8184 (R2 = 0.3966). Since AIV outbreak was linearly (R2 = 0.9967) correlated with the minimum sunspot number, it was postulated that the unusual mortality event

关键词： Transmission Avian Influenza Virus Humpback whale Stranding CO2 Emissions

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The Song of the Hump-backed whale

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语言教育 1989年第6期 38-,36页

作者：白永康

The singing of birds is among the most common sounds in *** all hear these songs from time to time. But few of us have had thechance to hear one of nature’s unusual sounds-the song of the hump-backedwhale. Scientists... 详细信息

关键词： backed whale birds unusual morethan story 罗杰 album wanted slowly

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鲸鱼——A Happy whale Coffee

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国际纺织品流行趋势 2017年第5期 236-237页

作者： Jonas Wagell 高红李响

这一次设计师Jonas Wagell为Norman Copenhagen带来了一个简单却又极富表现力的设计。快乐鲸作为一个幽默的家具元素,为简洁的室内空间带来了独树一帜的个性和特征。Jonas Wagell用精致的比例、柔软的线条、完美的细节,创造出这个极具... 详细信息

这一次设计师Jonas Wagell为Norman Copenhagen带来了一个简单却又极富表现力的设计。快乐鲸作为一个幽默的家具元素,为简洁的室内空间带来了独树一帜的个性和特征。Jonas Wagell用精致的比例、柔软的线条、完美的细节,创造出这个极具魅力的美学设计产品。快乐鲸通过不断的细节调整,逐渐完善才呈现出现在的样子。对于Jonas Wagell来说,这样的设计过程让人很享受：

关键词： Jonas 美学设计 whale 鲸鱼 Norman Happy 让人设计过程元素深蓝色

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《whale商务客车》

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美苑 2015年第S1期 195-页

作者：李雪冬胡海权鲁迅美术学院

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Matching of the Gray whales of off Sakhalin and the Pacific Coast of Japan, with a Note on the Stranding at Wadaura, Japan in March, 2016

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第2期7卷 168-178页

作者： Gen Nakamura Hiroshi Katsumata Yujin Kim Minoru Akagi Ayumi Hirose Kazutoshi Arai Hidehiro Kato Laboratory of Cetacean Biology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Kamogawa Sea World Kamogawa Japan

The coast of Japan is a migratory corridor for the western stock of the gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), which was once considered as extinct and remains endangered. According to the historical records, from 1955 to 2014, only 21 gray whales occurrence has been recorded in 59 years. However, from 2015 to 2016, intensive occurrence including the seven sightings and the two strandings were noted. In this paper, we found that those sightings were re-sightings of the same individual, which was initially sighted off Sakhalin during August, 2014. On 4 March, 2016, a young female gray whale (8.9 m in body length) was stranded at Wadaura beach, Chiba prefecture. We also conducted research on this animal including taking pictures and external measurements. In addition, we flensed this animal to observe the internal organs and collect a skeletal specimen. The reason for the death of this animal remains unclear;however, from its external characteristics, we identified that this animal was not an identical one, sighted off Sakhalin and the coast of Japan from 2014 to 2016. On 5 April, 2016, another young female gray whale (7 m in body length) was stranded at Arai beach, Shizuoka prefecture. We concluded that from 2015 to 2016, at least three distinct gray whales have migrated along the coast of Japan.

关键词： Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus Stock Stranding

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Developmental Changes in the Morphology of Western North Pacific Bryde’s whales (<i>Balaenoptera edeni</i>)

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第3期7卷 344-355页

作者： Takeharu Bando Gen Nakamura Yoshihiro Fujise Hidehiro Kato Laboratory of Cetacean Biology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Institute of Cetacean Research Tokyo Japan

Developmental changes in the body proportions of western North Pacific Bryde’s whales (Balaenoptera edeni) were investigated by examining the proportion of each body part to the total body length. The head and chest region increased to a certain body length;subsequently, the length of head region stabilized, and that of the chest region decreased. The length of the abdominal region remained constant to a certain body length and subsequently showed a marked increase, and that of the tail region decreased consistently. The length of dorsal fin and flukes decreased consistently, whereas that of the flippers remained constant to a certain body length and subsequently decreased. The relative growth pattern determined by an allometric analysis was positive for the head region but negative for the lower body part, flippers, flukes, and dorsal fin. Both sexes demonstrated the same growth pattern, but the coefficients differed. This is the first study to investigate developmental changes in the body proportions of Bryde’s whales using more than 700 specimens covering a wide body length range. We believe that the results of this study will contribute to various research fields, including taxonomy, phylogeny, and feeding ecology of this species.

关键词： Bryde’s whale Body Proportion Allometric Growth

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Utilizing Occupancy Models and Platforms-of-Opportunity to Assess Area Use of Mother-Calf Humpback whales

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第2期8卷 276-292页

作者： J. J. Currie S. H. Stack J. A. McCordic J. Roberts Pacific whale Foundation Wailuku Maui USA

The Hawaiian Islands, and particularly the Maui 4-island region, are a critical breeding and calving habitat for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) belonging to the Hawaii distinct population segment. Our aims were to test the use of platforms-of-opportunity to determine trends in mother-calf pod use of the region and to present opportunistic platforms as an alternative method of long-term, cross-seasonal monitoring. Data were collected from whale watching vessels over a 4-year period and analyzed using occupancy models to determine the probability of habitat use of pods with calves and pods without calves within the study area. Detection probability was influenced by survey effort and month for all pod types with detection of adult only pods further influenced by year. Pods with a calf showed a preference for shallow (75 meters). Results presented here align with previous work, both in Hawaii and in other breeding grounds, which show a distinct segregation of mothers with a calf from other age-classes of humpback whales. The need for long-term continuous monitoring of cetacean populations is crucial to ensure species conservation. Data collected aboard platforms-of-opportunity, as presented here, provide important insight on humpback whale spatial and temporal distribution, which are essential for species protection and management.

关键词： Humpback whale Occupancy Model Platform of Opportunity whale and Dolphin Tracker Area Use

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