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Spatial and temporal variations in prehistoric human settlement and their influencing factors on the south bank of the Xar Moron river, Northeastern China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第1期11卷 137-147页

作者： Xin JIA Shuangwen YI Yonggang SUN Shuangye WU Harry F. LEE Lin WANG Huayu LU School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China School of History and Culture Chifeng University Chifeng 024000 China Department of Geology University of Dayton Dayton OH 45469 USA Department of Geography The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Architecture Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 China

The west liao river basin is the hub of ancient civilizations as well as the birthplace of rain-fed agriculture in Northern China. In the present study, based on 276 archaeological sites on the south bank of the Xar Moron river, Northeastern China, we trace the changes in prehistoric cultures as well as the shifts in the spatial and temporal patterns of human settlement in the west liao river basin. Location information for those sites was obtained from fieldwork. Factors such as climate change, landform evolution of the Horqin Dunefield, and sub- sistence strategies practiced at the sites were extracted via the meta-analysis of published literature. Our results show that the Holocene Optimum promoted the emergence of Neolithic Culture on the south bank of the Xar Moron river. Monsoon failure might have caused the periodic collapse or transformation of prehistoric cultures at （6.5, 4.7, 3.9, and 3.0） kyr B.P., leaving spaces for new cultural types to develop after these gaps. The rise and fall of different cultures was also determined by subsistence strategies. The Xiaoheyan Culture, with mixed modes of subsistence, weakened after 4.7 kyr B.P., whereas the Upper Xiajiadian Culture, supported by sheep breeding, expanded after 3.0 kyr B.P. Global positioning system data obtained from the archaeological sites reveal that cultures with different subsistence strategies occupied distinct geographic regions. Humans who subsisted on hunting and gathering resided at higher altitudes during the Paleolithic Age （1074 m a.s.1.）. Mixed subsistence strategies led humans to settle down at 600-1000 m a.s.1. in the Neolithic Age. Agricultural activities caused humans to migrate to 400-800 m a.s.1, in the early Bronze Age, whereas livestock production shifted human activities to 800-1200 m a.s.l, in the late Bronze Age.

关键词： climate change dunefield evolution subsistence strategy the Holocene west liao river basin

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