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Fault zone structures of northern and southern portions of the main central fault generated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using fault zone trapped waves

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earthquake Science 2009年第4期22卷 417-424页

作者： Songlin Li Xiaoling Lai Zhixiang Yao Qing Yang Geophysical Prospecting Center China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China

The rupture process of the May 12, 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake was very complex. To study the rupture zones generated by this earthquake, four dense temporary seismic arrays across the two surface breaking traces of the main-shock were deployed in July and recorded a great amount of aftershocks. This paper focuses on the data interpretation of two arrays across the central main fault, the northern array line 1 and southern array line 3. The fault zone trapped waves recorded by the two arrays were used to study the structure of the central main fault and the difference between the northern and southern portions. The results show that the widths of the rupture zone are about 170-200 m and 200-230 m for northern and southern portions respectively. And the corresponding dip angles are 80° and 70°. The seismic velocity inside the fracture zone is about one half of the host rock. By comparison, the northern portion of the rupture zone is slightly narrower and steeper than the southern portion. Besides these differences, one more interesting and important difference is the positions of the rupture zone with respect to surface breaking traces. At the northern portion, the rupture zone is centered at the surface breaking trace, while at the southern portion it is not but is shifted to the northwest. This difference reflects the difference of rupture behaviors between two portions of the central main fault. The width of the rupture zone is smaller than that of MS.1 Kunlun earthquake though these two earthquakes have almost the same magnitudes. Multiple ruptures may be one factor to cause the narrower rupture zone.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake seismic rupture zone fault zone trapped waves

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A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan earthquake

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2008年第2期7卷 225-234页

作者： Wang Zifa Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration Harbin 150080 China

The May 12, 2008 Great Wenchuan earthquake has resulted in more than 68,858 deaths and losses in the hundreds of billions RMB as of May 30, 2008, and these numbers will undoubtedly increase as more information becomes available on the extent of the event. Immediately after the earthquake, the China earthquake Administration （CEA） responded quickly by sending teams of experts to the affected region, eventually including over 60 staff members from the Institute of Engineering Mechanics （IEM）. This paper reports preliminary information that has been gathered in the first 18 days after the event, covering seismicity, search and rescue efforts, observed ground motions, and damage and loss estimates. The extensive field investigation has revealed a number of valuable findings that could be useful in improving research in earthquake engineering in the future. Once again, this earthquake has shown that the vertical component of ground motion is as significant as horizontal ground motions in the near-source area. Finally, note that as more information is gathered, the numbers reported in this paper will need to be adjusted accordingly.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake field investigation ground motions vertical acceleration

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Coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the 2017 M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake,and its relationship with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第12期60卷 2181-2189页

作者： SHAN Bin ZHENG Yong LIU ChengLi XIE ZuJun KONG Jun Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory Institute of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Sichuan earthquake Administration Chengdu 610041China

On August 8, 2017, a M7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China, resulting in significant casualties and property damage. Therefore, it is critical to identify the areas of potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settling people to avoid future disasters. Based on the elastic dislocation theory and a multi-layered lithospheric model, we calculate the Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, discuss the relationship between the Mw7.9 wenchuan and M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes, and analyze the influence of the aftershock distribution and stress changes on the major faults in this region caused by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The co-and post-seismic stress changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake significantly increased the stress accumulation at the hypocenter of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Therefore,the occurrence of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake was probably stimulated by the Wenchuan earthquake. The aftershock distribution is well explained by the co-seismic stress changes of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The stress accumulation and corresponding seismic hazard on the Maqu-Heye segment of the East Kunlun fault and the northern extremity of the Huya fault has been further increased by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.

关键词： Jiuzhaigou earthquake Wenchuan earthquake Seismic hazard Coulomb failure stress

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Fast assessment of earthquake loss and its application to the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

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earthquake Science 2009年第2期22卷 129-133页

作者： Xiaoqing Wang Xiang Ding Long Wang Yan Wang Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China

The paper introduces firstly the seismic loss assessment method based on c indicators and new vulnerability models determined by the data from the on-site damage and loss survey to earthquakes occurred in China during the last two decades. The fast assessment for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with Ms8.0 is given based on an empirical intensity attenuation relationship. Compared with the assessment based on the practical seismic intensity map of the event according to the on-site investigation, the result demonstrates the usability of the seismic vulnerability models introduced in the paper. In addition, it is indicated that the main uncertainty of losses in the fast loss assessment comes from the uncertainty of the estimation of seismic ground motion.

关键词： macro-economic indicator fast loss assessment Wenchuan earthquake uncertainty

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Parameters of Coseismic Reverse- and Oblique-Slip Surface Ruptures of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第4期83卷 673-684页

作者： XU Xiwei YU Guihua CHEN Guihua RAN Yongkang LI Chenxia CHEN Yuegau CHANG Chungpai Institute of Geology China Eathquake Administrative Beijing 100029 Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University Taipei Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research National Central University Jhongli Taipei

On May 12th, 2008, the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured the Beichuan, Pengguan and Xiaoyudong faults simultaneously along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Field investigations constrain the surface rupture pattern, length and offsets related to the Wenchuan earthquake. The Beichuan fault has a NE-trending rightlateral reverse rupture with a total length of 240 km. Reassessment yields a maximum vertical offset of 6.5±0.5 m and a maximum right-lateral offset of 4.9±0.5 m for its northern segment, which are the largest offsets found; the maximum vertical offset is 6.2±0.5 m for its southern segment. The Pengguan fault has a NE-trending pure reverse rupture about 72 km long with a maximum vertical offset of about 3.5 m. The Xiaoyudong fault has a NW-striking left-lateral reverse rupture about 7 km long between the Beichuan and Pengguan faults, with a maximum vertical offset of 3.4 m and left-lateral offset of 3.5 m. This pattern of multiple co-seismic surface ruptures is among the most complicated of recent great earthquakes and presents a much larger danger than if they ruptured individually. The rupture length is the longest for reverse faulting events ever reported.

关键词： surface rupture zone coseismic offset Wenchuan earthquake Longmenshan

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Seismogenic Structure around the Epicenter of the May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake from Micro-seismic Tomography

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第4期83卷 724-732页

作者： AN Meijian FENG Mei DONG Shuwen LONG Changxing ZHAO Yue YANG Nong ZHAO Wenjin ZHANG Jizhong Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

A three-dimensional local-scale P-velocity model down to 25 km depth around the main shock epicenter region was constructed using 83821 event-to-receiver seismic rays from 5856 aftershocks recorded by a newly deployed temporary seismic network. Checkerboard tests show that our tomographic model has lateral and vertical resolution of -2 km. The high-resolution P-velocity model revealed interesting structures in the seismogenic layer：（1） The Guanxian-Anxian fault, Yingxiu-Beichuan fault and wenchuan-Maoxian fault of the Longmen Shan fault zone are well delineated by sharp upper crustal velocity changes; （2） The Pengguan massif has generally higher velocity than its surrounding areas, and may extend down to at least -10 km from the surface; （3） A sharp lateral velocity variation beneath the wenchuan-Maoxian fault may indicate that the Pengguan massif＇s western boundary and/or the wenchuan-Maoxian fault is vertical, and the hypocenter of the Wenchuan earthquake possibly located at the conjunction point of the NW dipping Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian faults, and vertical wenchuan-Maoxian fault; （4） Vicinity along the Yingxiu- Beichuan fault is characterized by very low velocity and low seismicity at shallow depths, possibly due to high content of porosity and fractures; （5） Two blocks of low-velocity anomaly are respectively imaged in the hanging wall and foot wall of the Guanxian-Anxian fault with a -7 km offset with -5 km vertical component.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake seismogenic structure micro-seismic tomography Pengguan massif Longmen Shan fault zone

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Geomorphic effect of debris-flow sediments on the Min River,Wenchuan earthquake region,western China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2427-2440页

作者： HU Xu-dong ZHOU Li-qin LIU Wei-ming WANG Hao CUI Lei College of Civil Engineering&Architecture China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute Beijing 100049China

Coseismic landslides and subsequent mobilization of sediment greatly aggravated the landscape evolution and river sedimentation after the Wenchuan earthquake.The debris-flow alluvial fan and river morphological index was combined to describe quantitatively the effects of debris-flow sediment on the river characteristics in Longmen Mountains.The section of the Min River from the urban area of the wenchuan county to the epicenter,the Yingxiu town in this county,was selected as the study area.We identified 27 river-blocking debrisflows(5 partial-,7 semi-,7 over semi-,and 5 fullyblocking degrees)in the study area via remote sensing interpretation and field survey.Based on this,the response of river longitudinal profile and curvature to debris-flow sediment was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the channel gradient has decreased due to debris-flow aggradation,while two marked peaks in the river steepness index(ksn,represents the relative steepness degree of the channel)changed from 585 m0.9 to 732 m0.9 in zone 1,from 362 m0.9 to 513 m0.9 in zone 2.Moreover,the main channel has undergone substantial lateral migration with channel width decreased and river curvature increased.The temporal and spatial variation between river morphological characteristics and debris-flow sediments in short-term provides insights into the internal dynamic role of mass wasting processes in river morphology,which could be served as useful information for natural hazards management to prevent the river from being blocked by episodically debris flows after the earthquake.

关键词： Debris-flow sediment Longitudinal profile River curvature Min River Wenchuan earthquake

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Discussion on 'Was the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered by Zipingpu Reservoir?'

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earthquake Science 2010年第6期23卷 577-581页

作者： Shiyong Zhou Kai Deng Cuiping Zhao Wanzheng Cheng School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041 China

Some recent publications presented a result suggesting that Zipingpu reservoir hastened the occurrence of the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake by tens to hundreds of years. Their researches calculated the Coulomb stress change induced by Zipingpu reservoir on the rupturing fault of Wenchuan earthquake. Their results, however, are critically dependent upon the 3-D event location, reservoir location, and the fault plane orientation. We repeated Ge et al.＇s work in this paper and found that an improper dip angle parameter of their 2-D fault model might lead to a wrong conclusion. Both the modeling results based on the 2-D model and 3-D model with proper fault parameters will show Coulomb stress changes alone were neither large enough nor had the correct orientation to affect the occurrence of Wenchuan earthquake, which supports our recent argument based on the local seismicity analysis and the induced Coulomb stress change calculation with a 3-D model.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake reservoir induced seismicity Coulomb stress

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Spatio-temporal characteristics of strong aftershocks of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

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earthquake Science 2010年第3期23卷 215-221页

作者： Jisheng Zhao Yanqiong Liu Zhenghua Zhou Chenggang Zhao School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration Harbin 150080 China

Based on Gutenberg-Richter＇s relation,Bath＇s law,Omori＇s law and Well＇s relation of rupture scale,this paper forecasts the temporal decay,total number,possible area and greatest magnitude of strong aftershocks（greater than or equal to M6.0） of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake by using the magnitude and statistical parameters of earthquakes in California area of USA.The number of strong aftershocks,the parameters of Gutenberg-Richter＇s relation and the modified form of Omori＇s law are validated based on the relocation data of aftershock sequence of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.Moreover,the spatio-temporal characteristics and wave energy release of the strong aftershocks（M≥6.0） are analyzed.The result shows that strong aftershocks may occur at the end of local drop and sharp drop on the wave energy release curve.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake strong aftershock wave energy release statistic of aftershocks

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Characteristics of seismic activity before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

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earthquake Science 2009年第5期22卷 519-529页

作者： Yan Xue Jie Liu Shirong Mei Zhiping Song Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China China earthquake Networks Center Beijing 100045 China Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China earthquake Administration of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai 200062 China

The characteristics of spatio-temporal seismicity evolution before the Wenchuan earthquake are studied. The results mainly involve in the trend abnormal features and its relation to the Wenchuan earthquake. The western Chinese mainland and its adjacent area has been in the seismically active period since 2001, while the seismic activity shows the obvious quiescence of M≥7.0, M≥6.0 and M≥5.0 earthquakes in Chinese mainland. A quiescence area with M≥7.0 has been formed in the middle of the North-South seismic zone since 1988, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just within this area. There are a background seismicity gap of M≥5.0 earthquakes and a seismogenic gap of ML〉4.0 earthquakes in the area of Longrnenshan fault zone and its vicinity prior to the Wenchuan earthquake. The seismic activity obviously strengthened and a doughnut-shape pattern of M≥4.6 earthquakes is formed in the middle and southern part of the North-South seismic zone after the 2003 Dayao, Yunnan, earthquake. Sichnan and its vicinity in the middle of the doughnut-shape pattern show abnormal quiescence. At the same time, the seismicity of earthquake swarms is significant and shows heterogeneity in the temporal and spatial process. A swarm gap appears in the M4.6 seismically quiet area, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just on the margin of the gap. In addition, in the short term before the Wenchuan earthquake, the quiescence of earthquake with ML≥4.0 appears in Qinghai-Tibet block and a seismic belt of ML〉3.0 earthquakes, with NW striking and oblique with Longmenshan fault zone, is formed.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake background seismicity gap seismogenic gap earthquake swarm seismic belt quiescence

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