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Health and safety perspectives of graphene in wearables and hybrid materials

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第24期155卷 10-32页

作者： Premika Govindaraj Azadeh Mirabedini Xing Jin Dennis Antiohos Nisa Salim Phil Aitchison Jake Parker Franz Konstantin Fuss Nishar Hameed Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Melbourne VIC 3122 Australia Aerospace Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering RMIT University Bundoora Melbourne VIC 3083 Australia Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Geelong VIC 3216 Australia Imagine Intelligent Materials Sydney NSW 2018 Australia Sparc Technologies Kent Town South Australia 5067 Australia Chair of Biomechanics Faculty of Engineering Science University of Bayreuth Bayreuth D-95440 Germany

The growing demand for smart wearables, coupled with the omnipresence of graphene due to its array of outstanding thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, have driven the industry-led initiatives to develop lightweight, smart, and robust graphene-based wearable technologies. The substantial research and the increase in technology readiness levels (TRLs) of graphene-based technologies have led to the adoption of graphene in many industries. Graphene-based wearables are one such technology that involves closer interaction of graphene by the end-user. Despite this, understanding the toxicological risks associated with using graphene-based wearables is still in the fundamental stage. Herein, graphene-based wearables and industrial-scale fabrication techniques for the development of graphene-based wearables are reviewed. The main goal of the review is to initially evaluate the likelihood of user exposure to graphene from the wearable device and the potential health effects. The subsequent health risks based on graphene's physicochemical characteristics are also discussed. A framework to elucidate the risk is presented in terms of crucial exposure routes, possible graphene interactions, recent exposure assessments, detection removal techniques from the human body, and risk management protocols. It is hoped that this review may aid towards establishing a reasonable practice concerning the safe integration of graphene materials into wearables and facilitate their commercialization.

关键词： Graphene wearables Composites Nanomaterials Smart materials Health and safety

Recent advances on quasi-solid-state electrolytes for supercapacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 697-717页

作者： Murilo M.Amaral Raissa Venâncio Alfredo C.Peterlevitz Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division Center for Innovation on New EnergiesCarbon Sci-Tech Labs and Manufacturing GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CampinasCampinasSP 13083-852Brazil

Solid-state and quasi-solid-state electrolytes have been attracting the scientific community’s attention in the last decade. These electrolytes provide significant advantages, such as the absence of leakage and separators for devices and safety for users. They also allow the assembly of stretchable and bendable supercapacitors. Comparing solid-state to quasi-solid-states, the last provides the most significant energy and power densities due to the better ionic conductivity. Our goal here is to present recent advances on quasisolid-state electrolytes, including gel-polymer electrolytes. We reviewed the most recent literature on quasi-solid-state electrolytes with different solvents for supercapacitors. Organic quasi-solid-state electrolytes need greater attention once they reach an excellent working voltage window greater than 2.5 V.Meanwhile, aqueous-based solid-state electrolytes have a restricted voltage window to less than 2 V. On the other hand, they are easier to handle, provide greater ionic conductivity and capacitance. Recent water-in-salt polymer-electrolytes have shown stability as great as 2 V encouraging further development in aqueous-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes. Moreover, hydrophilic conductive polymers have great commercial appeal for bendable devices. Thus, these electrolytes can be employed in flexible and bendable devices, favoring the improvement of portable electronics and wearable devices(376 references were evaluated and summarized here).

关键词： Quasi-solid-state electrolyte Gel-polymer electrolyte Flexible supercapacitor wearables

Improved Transient Search Optimization with Machine Learning Based Behavior Recognition on Body Sensor Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 4593-4609页

作者： Baraa Wasfi Salim Bzar Khidir Hussan Zainab Salih Ageed Subhi R.M.Zeebaree ITM Department Technical College of AdministrationDuhok Polytechnic UniversityDuhokIraq Information System Engineering Department Erbil Technical Engineering CollegeErbil Polytechnic UniversityErbilIraq Computer Science Department College of ScienceNawroz UniversityDuhokIraq Energy Eng.Department Technical College of EngineeringDuhok Polytechnic UniversityDuhokIraq

Recently,human healthcare from body sensor data has gained considerable interest from a wide variety of human-computer communication and pattern analysis research owing to their real-time applications namely smart healthcare systems.Even though there are various forms of utilizing distributed sensors to monitor the behavior of people and vital signs,physical human action recognition(HAR)through body sensors gives useful information about the lifestyle and functionality of an individual.This article concentrates on the design of an Improved Transient Search Optimization with Machine Learning based BehaviorRecognition(ITSOMLBR)technique using body sensor data.The presented ITSOML-BR technique collects data from different body sensors namely electrocardiography(ECG),accelerometer,and magnetometer.In addition,the ITSOML-BR technique extract features like variance,mean,skewness,and standard deviation.Moreover,the presented ITSOML-BR technique executes a micro neural network(MNN)which can be employed for long term healthcare monitoring and classification.Furthermore,the parameters related to the MNN model are optimally selected via the ITSO algorithm.The experimental result analysis of the ITSOML-BR technique is tested on the MHEALTH dataset.The comprehensive comparison study reported a higher result for the ITSOMLBR approach over other existing approaches with maximum accuracy of 99.60%.

关键词： Behavior recognition transient search optimization machine learning healthcare sensors wearables

Advances in Biosensing and Environmental Monitoring Based on Electrospun Nanofbers

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第3期4卷 404-435页

作者： Shixiong Kang Kun Zhao Deng‑Guang Yu Xiaolu Zheng Caoxing Huang School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efcient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Electrospun nanofbers(NFs)are directly produced by electrospinning technology.They are useful in a series of applications such as excellent performance in biosensing and environmental monitoring,due to their large specifc surface area and high porosity.The wide range of materials used provide a solid foundation and core guarantee for electrospun NFs to sense,which are used in a variety of polymers,small molecules,colloidal particles,and composites.Biosensing primarily aims at small biomolecules,biomacromolecules,wearable human motion monitoring,and food safety testing.Environmental monitoring encompasses the detection of gases,humidity,volatile organic compounds,and monitoring the degradation of heavy metal ions.We aim to sort out some recent research for electrospun NFs in the sensing area,which may inspire emerging smart sensing devices and bring a novel approach for biomedical development and environmental remediation.We highlight the powerful applications of electrospun NFs in the rapidly growing feld of wearable electronic devices,which may spur the industry’s novel perspectives on the development of wearables.Finally,we point out some unresolved difculties in the sensing feld for electrospun NFs and propose possible and novel ideas for this development.

关键词： Biosensing Environmental monitoring Sensors wearables Electrospun nanofbers

Dry Fiber‑Based Electrodes for Electrophysiology Applications

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2023年第3期5卷 819-846页

作者： Ladan Eskandarian Elmira Pajootan Amirali Toossi Hani E.Naguib Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3E4Canada Department of Chemical Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0C5Canada Research and Development Department Myant IncTorontoON M9W 1B6Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada

Long-term continuous health care monitoring,using wearable technologies has received considerable interest due to the significant contribution of wearables to the diagnosis of diseases and identification of health conditions.Fibers have been widely applied in human societies due to their unique advantages,including stretchability,small diameters,high dynamic bending elasticity,high length-to-width ratios,and mechanical strength.A new generation of fiber-based electrodes is being integrated into smart textiles and wearables for continuous long-term biosignal monitoring.Dry fiber-based electrodes are breathable,flexible,and durable,unlike conventional disposable gel electrodes,which are difficult to employ for long-term applications because of skin irritation and allergic responses caused by their moist and adhesive interface with the skin.In this review,we provide a concise summary of recent breakthroughs in the design,and manufacturing of dry fiber-based electrodes for electrophysiology applications,with a particular emphasis on applications in electrocardiography,electromyography,and electroencephalography.Focusing on numerous features of electroactive fiber materials,fiber processing,electrode fabrication,scaled-up manufacturing,standardization of testing and performance criteria,we discuss current limitations and provide an outlook for the future development of this field.

关键词： Electroactive fiber Smart textiles Electrocardiography wearables Health care monitoring Textile

Emerging wearable technology applications in gastroenterology:A review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第12期27卷 1149-1160页

作者： Kimberly PL Chong Benjamin KP Woo College of Osteopathic Medicine Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA 91766United States Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Olive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States

The field of gastroenterology has recently seen a surge in wearable technology to monitor physical activity,sleep quality,pain,and even gut activity.The past decade has seen the emergence of wearable devices including Fitbit,Apple Watch,AbStats,and ingestible sensors.In this review,we discuss current and future devices designed to measure sweat biomarkers,steps taken,sleep efficiency,gastric electrical activity,stomach pH,and intestinal contents.We also summarize several clinical studies to better understand wearable devices so that we may assess their potential benefit in improving healthcare while also weighing the challenges that must be addressed.

关键词： Wearable technology wearables Ingestibles Smartphone Remote patient monitoring Gastroenterology

Cyclist Warning Systems: Design and Evaluation

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第3期12卷 388-406页

作者： Sandra Trösterer Matthias Maurer Paolo Pretto Gernot Pucher Manfred Rosenberger Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH Graz Austria Trafficon—Traffic Consultants GmbH Wien Austria

Cyclists belong to the group of vulnerable road users and, thus, need particular protection in road traffic. One way to enhance cyclists’ safety is to use urban data (e.g., infrastructure data, accident statistics) to inform cyclists about potentially dangerous areas, allowing them to better adjust to the situation and elevate their self-protection. However, the question is how to inform cyclists about such dangerous areas. In this paper, we present the results of two field studies, investigating two wearables (headphones vs. smart glasses) and different signal options to inform cyclists about dangerous areas. Study participants were cycling along a predefined track and could experience the different wearables and signals. The main aim of the studies was to find out how cyclists perceive and experience the different approaches. Participants’ impressions were captured with questionnaires and interviews. Our results show a clear preference of the headphones over the smart glasses and signaling with intermittent audio while being in the dangerous area. However, we also found that participants’ acceptance of the approach was influenced by the additional perceived benefit the respective wearable would have in daily life. Using a wearable solely to be warned, although this would increase safety, was less acceptable. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of cyclist warning systems.

关键词： Cycling Safety wearables Design Evaluation Field Studies

Effectiveness of a Fitbit Based Sleep and Physical Activity Intervention in an Early Intervention Psychosis (EIP) Service

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 188-202页

作者： Chris Griffiths Ksenija da Silva Farah Hina Sue Jugon Gemma Willis Samantha Yardley Jonathon Walker Marlene Kelbrick Department of Innovation and Research Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (NHFT) Northampton UK Faculty of Health and Life Sciences School of Psychological Social and Behavioural Sciences Coventry University Coventry UK

Purpose: Compared to levels in the general population, people with experiences of psychosis have poorer physical fitness, more sedentary behaviour, lower physical activity, more sleep problems, and a higher incidence of insomnia. The aim of the current study was to examine the feasibility and impact of an intervention with the goal of addressing these issues. Method: Design: intervention with outcome measure data collection, with no control group. Forty-nine early intervention psychosis (EIP) service patients took part in an intervention: provision of a Fitbit, Fitbit software apps, sleep hygiene, and physical activity guidance, and three discussion sessions with clinicians. The sample consisted of 29 males and 20 females, with age range of 17 - 54 years, and average age of 29.5 years. Measures used were Fitbit activity and sleep data, and self-rated Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: WEMWBS scores significantly improved, with a medium effect size. PANAS negative affect (NA) dropped significantly. Analysis of Fitbit activity and sleep data yielded non-significant results. Conclusion: The intervention was acceptable to EIP patients and is feasible. Improvements in mental wellbeing and negative affect indicate the positive impact of the intervention on mental health. EIP services should consider assessing sleep quality and physical activity/exercise levels, and using this study’s intervention to promote wellbeing and mental health within recovery focused practice. Further research could be undertaken through a sufficiently powered randomised control trial (RCT) comparing this intervention and treatment as usual (TAU).

关键词： Fitbit wearables Psychosis Sleep Exercise Activity Weight

Experience and Impact of the “Well-Track” Physical Activity and Sleep Tracker Based Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for Patients in an Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) Service

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第2期13卷 73-93页

作者： Chris Griffiths Kate Walker Harmony Jiang Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Kettering Northamptonshire UK

Background: Physical activity and sleep are interconnected with mental health, physical health, wellbeing, quality of life, cognition, and functioning. Compared to the general population, people who experience psychosis are more likely to have low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behaviour, and sleep problems. Intervention: The Well-Track intervention addresses these issues through: provision of a wearable activity and sleep tracker (Fitbit);physical activity and sleep hygiene advice;a brief motivational interview;a goal-setting workbook;and three engagement, feedback and discussion sessions with early intervention in psychosis (EIP) staff. Participants: Thirty participants using an EIP service took part in an eight-week intervention. Thirteen participants (6 males;7 females) with an age range of 18 to 61 years old (M = 28 years) took part in an interview. Methods: A qualitative approach was used to conduct in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic and content analyses were employed to analyse the data. Results: Participants set goals, made lifestyle changes to their daily routine and integrated a Fitbit and its functions into their lives that resulted in more physical activity and enabled more effective sleep. This resulted in improved self-management, positive feelings and thoughts, motivation, confidence, social engagement, mood, health, and wellbeing. Participants made progress towards goals they had set. Conclusion: Well-Track has been successfully integrated into an EIP service and it could be delivered through all EIP and other healthcare services where there is a need to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours.

关键词： Fitbit Tracker Psychosis Exercise Sleep wearables Activity