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Experimental study on wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil in intermittent gas-oil flow in pipelines

Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2080-2088页

作者： Chuan-Shuo Wang Qian-Li Ma Xiao-Fang Lv Jie Zhang Yang Liu Shi-Dong Zhou Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Technology Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164JiangsuPR China Hade Oil and Gas Development Department Tarim Oilfield BranchKorla841000XinjiangPR China

Oil-gas two phase wax deposition is a fairly common and open-ended question in flow assurance of multiphase transportation *** paper investigated the two main aspects of oil-gas two phase wax deposition layer:apparent thickness and crystal structure characteristics.A typical highly paraffinic oil in Bohai Sea,China,was used as the experimental material to investigate the wax deposition thickness in oil-gas two phase under the influence of different oil temperatures,superficial gas/liquid phase velocities and gas-oil ratios by using multiphase flow loop experimental *** as in the classical theory of wax molecular diffusion,it showed that wax deposition thickness of oil-gas two phase increased with increasing oil *** of the impact of different superficial phase velocities found that the actual liquid flow heat transfer and shear stripping was the gas phase dominant mechanisms determining wax deposit *** addition,the crystal structure of the wax deposition layer was characterized with the help of small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)for different circumferential positions,flow rates and gas-oil *** bottom deposition layer had a complex crystal structure and high hardness,which were subject to change over flow rate ***,the SAXS results provided evidence that the indirect effect of the actual liquid velocity modified by the gas phase was the main *** study of the effect of gas phase on the wax deposition of oil-gas two phase will help shed light onto the mechanism by which this important process *** findings address a very urgent need in the field of wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil to understand the flow security of oilgas two phase that occurs easily in multiphase field pipelines.

关键词： Oil-gas two phase Highly paraffinic oil wax deposition SAXS

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wax deposition modeling in oil-water stratified pipe flow

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 526-539页

作者： Hui-Shu Liu Ji-Miao Duan Jiang Li Jian Wang Hao Yan Ke-Yu Lin Ke-Cheng Gu Chang-Jun Li Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Petroleum Oil and Lubricants DepartmentArmy Logistics AcademyChongqing401311China

wax deposition in oil-water stratified flow is commonly encountered onshore and offshore oil production pipe systems,and typically reduces transportation capacity of *** accurate predicted model of wax deposition has becomes an indispensable approach to design effective remediation ***,a reliable mechanistic model for wax deposition prediction in oil-water two-phase stratified pipe flow is lacking to validate the deposition *** this work,a three-dimensional(axial,radial,and angular)robust wax deposit model for oil-water stratified circular pipe flow was *** model of formation of a gel deposit based on the first principles of rheology was developed,associated with the results obtained from hydrodynamics and heat/mass transfer *** predictions for wax deposition are found to compare satisfactorily with experimental data with two different oils for single phase and four different water cuts for oil-water stratified pipe *** can be seen from the wax gelation mechanism that an increase in water cut can help to reduce the wall/oil-deposit interface shear stress,thereby leading to an increase in the degree of gelation as well as the deposit ***,a local deposit analysis in the circumferential direction was conducted,for water cut 75%and total flow rate 5 m3/h,which provided insights to understand that the thickness on pipe wall was roughly uniformly distributed locates near the top of the pipe and the nearer the position gets close to two points,where the oil-water interface contacts the inner wall,the deposition thickness quickly dropped to *** was attributed to the fact that a roughly uniformly thickness far away from the oil-water interface contact the inner wall resulted in the slowly changes temperature along the circumferential pipe wall wetted by oil.

关键词： wax deposition Oil-water flow Stratified flow Heat and mass transfer

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Pre-heating temperature induced flowability and wax deposition characteristics of crude oil adding wax inhibitors

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Petroleum Science 2023年第4期20卷 2468-2478页

作者： Bo Yao Hao-Ran Zhu Bao-Dong Yan Chuan-Xian Li Fei Yang Guang-Yu Sun Hong-Bo Zeng College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong266580People's Republic of China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 1H9Canada School of Petroleum Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhouJiangsu213164People's Republic of China China Oil&Gas Pipeline Network Corporation Beijing100020China

This paper investigated the effects of pre-heating treatment temperatures(T_(pre))on the flowability and wax deposition characteristics of a typical waxy crude oil after adding wax *** is found that there is little difference in wax precipitation exothermic characteristics of crude oils at different T_(pre),as well as the wax crystal solubility coefficient in the temperature range of 25-30℃.For the undoped crude oil,the flowability after wax precipitation gets much improved and the wax deposition is alleviated as T_(pre)*** T_(pre)=50℃,the viscosity and wax deposition rate of crude oil adding wax inhibitors are higher than those of the undoped crude *** the T_(pre)increases to 60,70,and 80℃,the flowability of the doped crude oil are largely improved and the wax deposition is suppressed with the T_(pre)increase,but the wax content of wax deposit increases *** is speculated that,on the one hand,the T_(pre)increase helps the dispersion of asphaltenes into smaller sizes,which facilitates the co-crystallization with paraffin waxes and generates more aggregated wax crystal *** weakens the low-temperature gel structure and increases the solid concentration required for the crosslink to form the wax *** the other hand,the decrease in viscosity increases the diffusion rate of wax molecules and accelerates the aging of wax *** experimental results have important guiding significance for the pipeline transportation of doped crude oils.

关键词： Pre-heating treatment wax inhibitor Flowability wax deposition waxy crude oil

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Effect of surfactants and their blend with silica nanoparticles on wax deposition in a Malaysian crude oil

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Petroleum Science 2018年第3期15卷 577-590页

作者： Zhen Hao Lim Hikmat Said Al Salim Norida Ridzuan Ronald Nguele Kyuro Sasaki Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering UCSI University 56000 Cheras Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Kuantan Malaysia Resource Production and Safety Engineering Laboratory Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

The present study investigated the wax deposition tendencies of a light Malaysian crude oil（42.4° API）, and the wax inhibiting potential of some surfactants and their blends with nanoparticles. With the knowledge that the majority of the wax inhibition research revolved around polymeric wax inhibitors, which cause environmental issues, we highlighted the potential of surfactants and their blend with SiO2 nanoparticles as wax deposition inhibitors. Different surfactants including oil-based, silane-based, Gemini and bio-surfactants were considered as primary surfactants. The primary surfactants and their respective blends at a concentration of 400 ppm were screened as wax inhibitor candidates using cold finger apparatus. The screening results showed a significant influence on the paraffin inhibition efficiency on wax deposition by using 400 ppm of silane-based surfactant, which decreased the wax deposition up to 53.9% as compared to that of the untreated crude oil. The inhibition efficiency among the silane-based surfactant（highest） and bio-surfactant（lowest）revealed an appreciable difference up to 36.5%. Furthermore, the wax from the treated sample was found to deposit in a thin gel-like form, which adhered inadequately to the surface of the cold finger. A further investigation by blending the 400 ppm silane-based surfactant with a 400 ppm SiO2 nanoparticle suspension in a load ratio of 3：1 found that the wax inhibition decreased up to 81% as compared to the scenario when they were not added. However, we have shown that the synergy between the silane-based surfactant and the nanoparticles is influenced by the concentration and load ratio of surfactant and nanoparticles, residence time, differential temperature and rotation rate.

关键词： Cold finger Nanoparticles wax deposition wax inhibitor Surfactant wax appearance temperature

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Predicting wax deposition using robust machine learning techniques

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Petroleum 2022年第2期8卷 167-173页

作者： Menad Nait Amar Ashkan Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi Cuthbert Shang Wui Ng Departement Etudes Thermodynamiques Division LaboratoiresSonatrachAvenue 1er Novembre35000BoumerdesAlgeria Department of Geoscience and Petroleum Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyS.P.Andersens veg 15b7031TrondheimNorway

Accurate prediction of wax deposition is of vital interest in digitalized systems to avoid many issues that interrupt the flow assurance during production of hydrocarbon *** present investigation aims at establishing rigorous intelligent schemes for predicting wax deposition under extensive production *** do so,multilayer perceptron(MLP)optimized with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm(MLPLMA)and Bayesian Regularization algorithm(MLP-BR)were taught using 88 experimental *** latter were described by some independent variables,namely temperature(in K),specific gravity,and compositions of C1eC3,C4eC7,C8eC15,C16eC22,C23eC29 and C30þ.The obtained results showed that MLP-LMA achieved the best performance with an overall root mean square error of 0.2198 and a coefficient of determination(R2)of *** performance comparison revealed that MLP-LMA outperforms the prior approaches in the literature.

关键词： wax deposition Multilayer perceptron Levenberg-marquardt algorithm Flow assurance

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Prediction Model Based on the Grey Theory for Tackling wax deposition in Oil Pipelines

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2005年第4期14卷 243-247页

作者： Ming Wu Shujuan Qiu Jianfeng Liu Ling Zhao Department of Mechanical Engineering Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology Liaoning 113001 China Vocational and Technical College Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology Liaoning 113001 China

Problems involving wax deposition threaten seriously crude pipelines both economically and operationally. wax deposition in oil pipelines is a complicated problem having a number of uncertainties and indeterminations. The Grey System Theory is a suitable theory for coping with systems in which some information is clear and some is not, so it is an adequate model for studying the process of wax deposition. In order to predict accurately wax deposition along a pipeline, the Grey Model was applied to fit the data of wax deposition rate and the thickness of the deposited wax layer on the pipe-wall, and to give accurate forecast on wax deposition in oil pipelines. The results showed that the average residential error of the Grey Prediction Model is smaller than 2%. They further showed that this model exhibited high prediction accuracy. Our investigation proved that the Grey Model is a viable means for forecasting wax deposition. These findings offer valuable references for the oil industry and for firms dealing with wax cleaning in oil pipelines.

关键词： oil pipeline wax deposition grey system model forecasting

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