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Elementary analysis of interferometers for wave particle duality test and the prospect of going beyond the complementarity principle

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 202-214页

作者：李志远 Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

A distinct method to show a quantum object behaving both as wave and as particle is proposed and described in some detail. We make a systematic analysis using the elementary methodology of quantum mechanics upon Young＇s two-slit interferometer and the Mach-Zehnder two-arm interferometer with the focus placed on how to measure the interference pattern （wave nature） and the which-way information （particle nature） of quantum objects. We design several schemes to simultaneously acquire the which-way information for an individual quantum object and the high-contrast interference pattern for an ensemble of these quantum objects by placing two sets of measurement instruments that are well separated in space and whose perturbation of each other is negligibly small within the interferometer at the same time. Yet, improper arrangement and cooperation of these two sets of measurement instruments in the interferometer would lead to failure of simultaneous observation of wave and particle behaviors. The internal freedoms of quantum objects could be harnessed to probe both the which-way information and the interference pattern for the center-of-mass motion. That quantum objects can behave beyond the wave-particle duality and the complementarity principle would stimulate new conceptual examination and exploration of quantum theory at a deeper level.

关键词： wave-particle duality complementarity principle atom interferometer

wave-particle duality: particle Always Remains particle and Its wave Function Always Remains wave

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第3期9卷 596-601页

作者： Sarma N. Gullapalli Independent Researcher Warwick USA

On the question of wave-particle duality, from the historic Bohr-Einstein debates a century ago, to this day, the view expressed in Niels Bohr’s Complementarity Principle has become well established, confirmed by numerous experiments: If the observation is for wave nature, then the particle changes to wave, and if the observation is for particle nature, then the particle remains particle. However, recently this view has been challenged. With proof based on the definition of wave function, it has been shown that particle always remains particle and its wave function always remains wave, no mysterious change from particle to wave and vice versa.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics wave-particle duality Complementarity Entanglement

From wave-particle duality to wave-particle-mixedness triality:an uncertainty approach

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2022年第3期74卷 27-35页

作者： Shuangshuang Fu Shunlong Luo School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The wave-particle duality,as a manifestation of Bohr’s complementarity,is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference *** characterizations of the wave-particle duality have been proposed from an operational perspective,most of them are in forms of inequalities,and some of them are expressed in forms of equalities by incorporating entanglement or *** this work,we shed different insights into the nature of the wave-particle duality by casting it into a form of information conservation in a multi-path interferometer,with uncertainty as a unified *** specifically,by employing the simple yet fundamental concept of variance,we establish a resolution of unity,which can be interpreted as a complementarity relation among wave feature,particle feature,and mixedness of a quantum *** refines or reinterprets some conventional approaches to wave-particle duality,and highlights informational aspects of the *** key idea of our approach lies in that a quantum state,as a Hermitian operator,can also be naturally regarded as an observable,with measurement uncertainty(in a state)and state uncertainty(in a measurement)being exploited to quantify particle feature and wave feature of a quantum state,*** two kinds of uncertainties,although both are defined via variance,have fundamentally different properties and capture different features of a *** with the mixedness,which is a kind of uncertainty intrinsic to a quantum state,they add up to unity,and thus lead to a characterization of the waveparticle-mixedness *** triality relation is further illustrated by examples and compared with some popular wave-particle duality or triality relations.

关键词： wave-particle duality complementarity mixedness uncertainty triality

KELEA (Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction) Offers an Alternative Explanation to Existing Concepts Regarding wave-particle duality, Cold Fusion and Superconductivity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第15期7卷 1995-2007页

作者： W. John Martin Institute of Progressive Medicine South Pasadena USA

Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples are selected for discussion in this paper: i) The proposed wave-particle duality of electrons;ii) cold fusion;and iii) superconductivity. The current interpretations of these enigmatic concepts are incomplete and not fully validated by scientific methods. The observations underlying these processes are seemingly consistent with KELEA acting as a repelling force between opposite electrical charges. Relatively simple experiments can be designed to either confirm or exclude KELEA in these and in various other currently perplexing physical phenomena.

关键词： KELEA Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction LENR Low Energy Nuclear Reaction wave-particle duality Double Slit Experiment Cold Fusion Deuterium Palladium Superconductivity Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Brown’s Gas Electrolysis Activated Water

Quantum Interference without wave-particle duality

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第4期7卷 375-389页

作者： Román Castañeda Giorgio Matteucci Raffaella Capelli Physics School Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Bologna Bologna Italy CNR—Istituto Officina dei Materiali Trieste Italy

Interference of light and material particles is described with a unified model which does not need to assume the wave-particle duality. A moving particle is associated with a region of spatial correlated points named coherence cone. Its geometry depends on photon or particle momentum and on the parameters of the experimental setup. The final interference pattern is explained as a spatial distribution of particles caused by the coherence cone geometry. In the present context, the wave front superposition principle, wave-particle duality and wave-collapse lose their meaning. Fits of observed single electron and single molecule interference patterns together with the simulation of expected near-field molecule interference (Talbot carpet) demonstrate the model validity.

关键词： Electron Interference Molecule Interference Two-Point Correlation wave-particle duality

Modified wave particle duality and Black Hole Physics

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2007年第7期48卷 93-98页

作者： LI Xiang Department of Physics,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047,China Department of Physics Nanchang University

de Broglie relation is revisited,in consideration of a generalization of canonical commuting *** effects on particle's localization and black hole physics are also discussed,in a heuristic manner.

关键词： wave-particle duality dispersion relation localization limit black hole entropy

A self-consistent picture of wave-particle duality of light——dispelling three dead-points and five paradoxes of the theory of light in the boundary of the classical environment and the quantum environment by combining three kinds of wave-particle duali

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A self-consistent picture of wave-particle duality of light...

Fresnel Equations Derived Using a Non-Local Hidden-Variable particle Theory

2007年中国青年光学学术研讨会

作者： Yongchao Gan~(*a) Wenfeng Wang~b ~aphysics Department,School of Physics and Electronic Technology,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,P.R.China ~bphysics Department,Vrije University,Amsterdam,Netherlands

＜正＞Based on the quantum field theory and classical electromagnetic field theory,the behaviors of the electromagnetic field in the boundary of the classical environment and the quantum environment were studied,and three dead-points and five paradoxes,like Lorentz-Compton paradox,non-conservation of the energy of the electromagnetic field before and after quantization due to a number of zero-point energy,the non-self-consistence of the wave-particle duality,etc,were *** analyzing these dead-points and paradoxes,we found that these paradoxes are related to each other,and all wrapped together. The core problem is the non-self-consistence in the theoretical system and the ambiguity in the mechanism of the wave-particle *** on resolving the classical electromagnetic field into the electromagnetic element-waves according to the photons,a third kind of wave-particle duality,the particle-like characteristics of the classical electromagnetic field in structure,was put forward,and the structure of n-shape of three kinds of wave-particle duality was ***,in wave-particle duality,the wave and the particle are staggered in existing time,or in existing form,either in imagination or in reality,and the third kind of’ wave-particle duality will be combined into a unit with the first kind of wave-particle duality, Einstein’s wave-particle duality of light,and the second kind of wave-particle duality,de Broglie’s wave-particle duality of matter ***,a self-consistent picture of wave-particle duality of light was set up,and three dead-points and five paradoxes of the electromagnetic field in the boundary of the classical environment and the quantum environment were *** the last,a crucial experiment was designed for testing this picture.

关键词： the nature of light wave-particle duality photons quantum theory electromagnetic waves classical electromagnetic theory paradoxes crucial experiment

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第6期15卷 950-984页

作者： Dirk J. Pons Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Problem: The Fresnel equations describe the proportions of reflected and transmitted light from a surface, and are conventionally derived from wave theory continuum mechanics. particle-based derivations of the Fresnel equations appear not to exist. Approach: The objective of this work was to derive the basic optical laws from first principles from a particle basis. The particle model used was the Cordus theory, a type of non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory that predicts specific substructures to the photon and other particles. Findings: The theory explains the origin of the orthogonal electrostatic and magnetic fields, and re-derives the refraction and reflection laws including Snell’s law and critical angle, and the Fresnel equations for s and p-polarisation. These formulations are identical to those produced by electromagnetic wave theory. Contribution: The work provides a comprehensive derivation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appears not to have previously been shown from a particle basis. Implications: The primary implications are for suggesting routes for the theoretical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cordus NLHV particle theory explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other physical phenomena including some otherwise only accessible through quantum mechanics (such as the electron spin g-factor) and general relativity (including the Lorentz and relativistic Doppler). It also provides solutions for phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetrical baryogenesis, unification of the interactions, and reasons for nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theories have the potential to represent a deeper physics that may underpin and unify quantum mechanics, general relativity, and wave theory.

关键词： wave-particle duality Optical Law Fresnel Equation Non-Local Hidden-Variable

The duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第3期23卷 131-138页

作者：贾爱爱黄接辉冯伟张天才朱诗尧 The State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Opto-ElectronicsShanxi University Beijing Computational Science Research Center College of Physics and Communication Electronics Jiangxi Normal University

The wave-particle duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom is re-examined theo- retically in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The famous duality relation D2 ＋ V2 〈 1 is always valid in this situation, where D is the distinguishability and V is the visibility. However, the sum of the particle information and the wave information, D2 V2, can be smaller than one for the input of a pure state if this initial pure state includes the internal degree of freedom of the particle, while the quantity D2~ V2 is always equal to one when the internal degree of freedom of the particle is excluded.

关键词： wave-particle duality internal degree of freedom single particle