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Water environmental planning and management at the watershed scale:A case study of Lake Qilu,China

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第2期2卷 157-162页

作者： Kai HUANG Huaicheng GUO Yong LIU Feng ZHOU Yajuan YU Zhen WANG College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Water environmental planning and management has become essential for guiding the water pollution control activities.Past water pollution control activities have been site specific,with little thought on water quality standard reaching at the watershed scale.Based on the watershed approach,a seven-step methodological framework for water environmental planning and management was developed.The framework was applied to water environmental planning and management of the Lake Qilu watershed in Yunnan Province,China.Results show that the reduction amount of total nitrogen(TN)under the plan is 1,205 tons per year so that the target of environmental capacity can be reached in 2020.Compared with traditional methods,the framework has its prevalence and could be generalized to analogous watersheds.

关键词： water environment planning watershed scale watershed approach Lake Qilu

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CRITICAL PROCESSES AND MAJOR FACTORS THAT DRIVE NITROGEN TRANSPORT FROM FARMLAND TO SURFACE WATER BODIES

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 541-552页

作者： Wenchao LI Wen XU Gaofei YIN Xulin ZHANG Zihan ZHANG Bin XI Qiuliang LEI Limei ZHAI Qiang ZHANG Linzhang YANG Hongbin LIU College of Resources and Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and RegulationKey Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of HebeiHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions(Ministry of Education)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Rural Energy and Environment Agency Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100125China. Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Pollution Control(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Heze Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co. Ltd.Heze 274000China Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China.

Agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly an important issue affecting surface water quality.Currently,the majority of the studies on nitrogen loss have focused on the agricultural field scale,however,the response of surface water quality at the watershed scale into the nitrogen loss at the field scale is poorly understood.The present study systematically reviewed the critical processes and major factors that nitrogen transport from farm fields to surface water bodies.The critical processes of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies involve the processes of nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches and the transformation processes of nitrogen during migration in ditches/rivers.Nitrogen transport from farmland to ditches is one of the prerequisites and critical processes for farmland nitrogen transport to surface water bodies.The transformation of nitrogen forms in ditches/rivers is an intermediate process in the migration of nitrogen from farmland to surface water bodies.Nitrogen loss from farmland is related to soil storage and exogenous inputs.Therefore,nitrogen input management should not only consider the current input,but also the contribution of soil storage due to the historical surpluses.Ditches/rivers have a strong retention capacity for nitrogen,which will significantly affect the process of farmland nitrogen entering surface water bodies.The factors affecting nitrogen transformation in river/ditches can be placed in four categories:(1)factors affecting hydraulic retention time,(2)factors affecting contact area,(3)factors affecting biological activity,and(4)forms and amount of nitrogen loading to river/ditches.Ditch systems are more biologically(including plants and microbes)active than rivers with biological factors having a greater influence on nitrogen transformation.When developing pollution prevention and control strategies,ecological ditches can be constructed to increase biological activity and reduce the amount of surplus nitrogen entering the water body.The present resea

关键词： nitrogen loss from soil transformation farm field scale watershed scale

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A Model of Debris Flow Forecast Based on the Water-Soil Coupling Mechanism

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第4期25卷 757-763页

作者： Shaojie Zhang Hongjuan Yang Fangqiang Wei Yuhong Jiang Dunlong Liu Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Debris flow forecast is an important means of disaster mitigation. However, the accuracy of the statistics-based debris flow forecast is unsatisfied while the mechanism-based forecast is unavailable at the watershed scale because most of existing researches on the initiation mechanism of debris flow took a single slope as the main object. In order to solve this problem, this paper developed a model of debris flow forecast based on the water-soil coupling mechanism at the watershed scale. In this model, the runoff and the instable soil caused by the rainfall in a watershed is estimated by the distrib- uted hydrological model （GBHM） and an instable identification model of the unsaturated soil. Because the debris flow is a special fluid composed of soil and water and has a bigger density, the density esti- mated by the runoff and instable soil mass in a watershed under the action of a rainfall is employed as a key factor to identify the formation probability of debris flow in the forecast model. The Jiangjia Gulley, a typical debris flow valley with a several debris flow events each year, is selected as a case study watershed to test this forecast model of debris flow. According the observation data of Dongchuan Debris Flow Observation and Research Station, CAS located in Jiangjia Gulley, there were 4 debris flow events in 2006. The test results show that the accuracy of the model is satisfied.

关键词： debris flow forecast watershed scale soil-water coupling distributed hydrological model limit equilibrium analysis Jiangjia Gulley.

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Water yield reduction due to forestation in arid mountainous regions, northwest China

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第4期25卷 423-430页

作者： Pengtao YU1*, Yanhui WANG2, Xudong WU3, Xiaohong DONG4, Wei XIONG5, Gaowa BU6, Shunli WANG7, Jinye WANG8, Xiande LIU9, and Lihong XU101 Dr., 2 Prof. Dr., 4 Ms., 5 Dr., 10 Dr., Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China, 3 Mr., 6 Ms., College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, 010018, China 7 Mr., 9 Prof. Dr., Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountain of Gansu Province, Zhangye, 734000, Gansu, China 8 Prof. Dr., Tour College of Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China Dr. Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection The Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China Prof. Dr. Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection The Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China Mr. College of Ecology and Environmental Science Inner Mongolia Agriculture University Hohhot 010018 China Ms. Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection The Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China Ms. College of Ecology and Environmental Science Inner Mongolia Agriculture University Hohhot 010018 China Mr. Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountain of Gansu Province Zhangye 734000 Gansu China Prof. Dr. Tour College of Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 Guangxi China Prof. Dr. Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountain of Gansu Province Zhangye 734000 Gansu China

Forestation has been encouraged worldwide due to increasing demand for forest products, and for its ecological benefits such as soil erosion control and sediment reduction. However, forestation reduces runoff, thus potentially aggravating water shortages in arid regions. In order to quantitatively estimate the possible water yield reductions caused by forestation in an arid region, a small watershed (the Pailugou watershed) in the Qilian Mountains of northwest China was chosen as a study area. The responses of hydrological dynamics to different forestation scenarios in the study area were simulated using the TOPOG model. The results showed that forestation could lead to a complete loss of runoff at the site scale. At the watershed scale, a 10% increase in forest coverage led to a runoff reduction of 25.6 mm, equivalent to 13% of the runoffin the un-forested watershed. However, due to climatological and topographical constraints, the potential forest distribution occupied only 46.3% of the watershed area, and runoff reduction was estimated to reach a maximum of 60% when the forest cover ratio increased from 0.41% to 46.1%. Actual forest coverage is 36% in the study area, thus the water yield will be reduced with any further increase in forest area. Our study suggested that a trade-off between the numerous benefits of forest coverage increase and its negative impact on water yield should be carefully addressed in arid regions with inherently severe water-shortage.

关键词： Arid region Water yield Forestation watershed scale Site scale

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