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Role of the rhizosphere of a flooding-tolerant herb in promoting mercury methylation in water-level fluctuation zones

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期34卷 139-151页

作者： Juan Wang Yuping Xiang Xiaosong Tian Cheng Zhang Guiqing Gong Jinping Xue Tao Jiang Dingyong Wang Yongmin Wang Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology&Health Effect Chinese Academy of SciencesResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and Safety Chongqing Vocational Institute of EngineeringChongqing 402260China Institut des Sciences Analytiques et des Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Materiaux(IPREM) UMR 5254CNRSUniversitede Pau et des Pays de l’AdourPau 64000France

The water-level fluctuation zone(WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury(Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root systems for improving erosion resistance. Accompanying rhizosphere microzone plays crucial but unclear roles in methylmercury(Me Hg) formation in the WLFZ. Thus, we conducted this study in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir, to explore effects of the rhizosphere of a dominant flooding-tolerant herb(bermudagrass) on Me Hg production. The elevated Hg and Me Hg in rhizosphere soils suggest that the rhizosphere environment provides favorable conditions for Hg accumulation and methylation. The increased bioavailable Hg and microbial activity in the rhizosphere probably serve as important factors driving Me Hg formation in the presence of bermudagrass. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere environments changed the richness, diversity, and distribution of hgc A-containing microorganisms. Here, a typical ironreducing bacterium( Geobacteraceae) has been screened, however, the majority of hgc A genes detected in rhizosphere, near-, and non-rhizosphere soils of the WLFZ were unclassified. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the elevated Me Hg production as related to microbial processes in the rhizosphere of perennial herbs in the WLFZ, with general implications for Hg cycling in other ecosystems with water-level fluctuations.

关键词： Three Gorges Reservoir water-level fluctuation zone Rhizosphere soil Methylmercury Mercury methylator

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Allelopathic effects of extracts from Carex thunbergii on three Gramineae species

Allelopathic effects of extracts from Carex thunbergii on th...

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中国第九届植物化感作用学术研讨会

作者： ZHANG Jinyu ZHOU Zhongze YE Xiaoxin School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui University

To reveal the mechanism of the vegetation community in water-fluctuating zone of Yangtze river-lake floodplain gradually evolving into a single dominant species with Carex thunbergii and to disclose the association between plant community and allelopathy,this work studied the impact of C.thunbergii on seed germination,seedling growth and antioxidase activity of three accompanying Gramineae species(Lolium perenne,Cynodon dactylon,Phalaris arundinacea).The result show that C.thunbergii extracts had significantly inhibitory effect on the germination rate,germination potential,radicle and germ length of three accompanying plant.Seed germination inhibition rates of receiver plant was higher than 95% at concentration of 100 g·L.The low concentration of C.thunbergii methanol extract on the L.perenne have a promoting effect.The germination rate of L.perenne withmethanol extract of 1 g·L concentration treated increased by 0.6% and 1.9%,and change with concentration in the germination rate of C.dactylon.The radicle and germ length of L.perenne were reduced by 60.6% and 17.8% after treated with methanol extract of 10 g·L concentration.At the same concentration,the C.thunbergii methanol extracts was more effective than aqueous extracts.Seedling growth was significantly affected by the extracts,the root-leaf ratio was significantly decrease than control.The content of MDA in L.perenne and P.arundinacea increased with increasing concentration of extract.MDA content in root of L.perenne increased rapidly when the concentration of root extract and leaf extract reached 10 g·L,and reached the maximum at 20 g·L,which was 4.7 times and 5.1 times as much as that of the control.The activities of SOD and POD in L.perenne raise first and then fall.The activity of SOD in P.arundinacea leaves increased but lower than control in root.It has allelopathic inhibition effect on germination and growth of three plants.Our findings indicated that allelopathy plays an essential role in the formation of C.thunbergii dominant community.

关键词： Carex thunbergii water-level fluctuation zone allelopathy wetland dominant species

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