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Underground Space 2024年第5期18卷 162-186页

作者： Chengzhi Xia Zhenming Shi Huanjia Kou Shaoqiang Meng Maomao Liu College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This paper concentrates on the sensitivity and dynamic simulation of randomly distributed karst cave groups on tunnel stability and connectivity extended ratio based on water–rock interaction using a novel contact dynamic method(CDM).The concept of karst cave group connectivity extended ratio during tunneling and water inrush is *** effects of cave shape and spatial distribution on Qiyueshan tunnel are *** deformation and damage index,and connectivity extended ratio with uniform random karst cave groups are *** results demonstrate that the connectivity extended ratio is verified as a crucial judgment in predicting the safe distance and assessing the stability of the tunnel with the karst cave *** model captures the fracture propagation and contact behavior of rock mass,surface flow,as well as the bidirectional water–rock interaction during the water inrush of Qiyueshan tunnel with multiple caves.A larger cave radius and smaller minimum distance between the cave and tunnel increase the deformation and damage index of the surrounding *** the cave radius and cave area ratio increase,the failure pattern shifts from overall to local *** findings potentially have broad applications in various surface and subsurface scenarios involving water–rock interactions.

关键词： Karst tunnel stability Contact dynamic method Connectivity extended ratio Karst cave groups Qiyueshan tunnel water-rock interaction

Implication of water-rock interaction for Enhancing Shale Gas Production

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第7期20卷 1441-1462页

作者： Qiuyang Cheng Lijun You Cheng Chang Weiyang Xie Haoran Hu Xingchen Wang Shale Gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Evaluation and Exploitation PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Horizontal well drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing technologies are at the root of commercial shale gas development and *** these processes,typically,a large amount of working fluid enters the formation,resulting in widespread water-rock *** understanding such effects is required to optimize the production *** this study,the mechanisms of water-rock interaction and the associated responses of shale fabric are systematically reviewed for working fluids such as neutral fluids,acid fluids,alkali fluids and oxidative *** is shown that shale is generally rich in water-sensitive components such as clay minerals,acidsensitive components(like carbonate minerals),alkali-sensitive components(like quartz),oxidative-sensitive components(like organic matter and pyrite),which easily lead to change of rock fabric and mechanical properties owing to water-rock *** to the results,oxidizing acid fluids and oxidizing fracturing fluids should be used to enhance shale gas *** study also indicates that an aspect playing an important role in increasing cumulative gas production is the optimization of the maximum shut-in time based on the change point of the wellhead pressure drop *** important influential factor to be considered is the control of the wellhead pressure considering the stress sensitivity and creep characteristics of the fracture network.

关键词： Shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing working fluid water-rock interaction oxidation shut-in production system

Test of subcritical crack growth and fracture toughness under water-rock interaction in three types of rocks

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第2期22卷 662-668页

作者：郝瑞卿李江腾曹平刘博廖峻 School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University

The subcritical crack growth and fracture toughness in peridotite, lherzolite and amphibolite were investigated with double torsion test. The results show that water-rock interaction has a significant influence on subcritical crack growth. With water-rock interaction, the crack velocity increases, while the stress intensity factor declines, which illustrates that water-rock interaction can decrease the strength of rocks and accelerate the subcritical crack growth. Based on Charlse theory and Hilling & Charlse theory, the test data were analyzed by regression and the correlation coefficients were all higher than 0.7, which shows the correlation is significant. This illustrates that both theories can explain the results of tests very well. Therefore, it is believed that the subcritical crack growth attributes to the breaking of chemical bond, which is caused by the combined effect of the tensile stress and the chemical reaction between the material at crack tip and the corrosive agent. Meanwhile, water-rock interaction has a vital effect on fracture toughness. The fracture toughness of samples under atmospheric environment is higher than that of samples immersed in water. And water-rock interaction has larger influence on fracture toughness in amphibolite than that in peridotite and lherzolite.

关键词： subcritical crack growth fracture toughness double torsion test water-rock interaction peridotite lherzolite amphibolite

Study of water-rock interaction with Hydrochemical and Isotopic Datum in Laizhou Bay

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Study of Water-rock Interaction with Hydrochemical and Isoto...

Understanding Surface water-Groundwater Conversion Relationship and Associated Hydrogeochemistry Evolution in the Upper Reaches of Luan River Basin, North China

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： Liu Feng Ma Fengshan Guo Jie Ding Kuo Key Laboratory Of Institute Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

water-rock interaction of the groundwater in aquifer system has been analyzed and inferred with hydrochemical and isotopic datum in Laizhou Bay,eastern China.32 samples of groundwater from three boreholes(96-5#,96-6#,112-1#),couples of seawater,saline water,fresh water,surface water and rainfall are obtained in study area for hydrochemical and isotopic *** origin of groundwater is generally concluded by stable isotope(8 O and SD)and the analytic results of Na,Ca,Mg,Cl,SO,HCOchanging with depth,combined with total dissolved solids(TDS),electrical conductivity(EC),can be apparently proofs for serious water-rock *** conclusion reveals that the origin of96-5#,112-1#is most likely saline water different from that the groundwater of 96-6#which is possible originated from fresh water,surface water or mixing of *** the ion content of same borehole at different depth and different boreholes with same depth,the optimal area for building main well and mining area is determined eventually is around96-5#.

关键词： water-rock interaction hydrochemical and isotopic datum boreholes mining area

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 1010-1023页

作者： Le Zhao Chunli Su Wenbo Liu Xianjun Xie School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentWuhan 430078China China Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute Beijing 100081China

Luan River is the main water source in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,northern China,where the groundwater system is vulnerable and pollution issue is *** is significant for regional groundwater resources protection to identify the hydrogeochemistry evolution and affecting factors along flow direction occurred in the upper reaches,especially the surface water-groundwater(SWGW)conversion *** this study,recharge,conversion and geochemistry evolution of SW and GW were elucidated based on physical-hydrochemical indicators and stable isotopes in 36 GW samples and 20 SW samples,which were collected in July 2019 and July *** factor analysis was further utilized to determine the main factors responsible for regional hydrogeochemical *** indicate that GW recharged SW in plateau area,and SW and GW recharged each other in typical Alpine valley *** hydrochemical types are HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Ca,and the hydrochemical evolution is dominated by weathering of silicate and carbonate *** cation exchange adsorption has minor impact on groundwater *** rise of SO42-and NO3-contents in groundwater is related to industrial and agricultural *** main controlling factors of SW hydrochemical components included recharge from groundwater,industrial and mining activities,explaining 90.04%of data ***,water-rock interaction,agricultural and domestic sewage are responsible for GW quality,accounting for 83.38%.

关键词： groundwater water sources conversion relationship hydrogeochemical characteristics evolutional processes water-rock interaction factor analysis Luan River Basin.

Temporal and spatial variations hydrochemical components and driving factors in Baiyangdian Lake in the Northern Plain of China

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 293-308页

作者： Tian-lun Zhai Qian-qian Zhang Long Wang Hui-wei Wang Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China

Understanding the temporal and spatial variation of hydrochemical components in large freshwater lakes is crucial for effective management and *** this study,we identify the temporalspatial characteristics and driving factors of the hydrochemical components in Baiyangdian Lake using geochemical methods(Gibbs diagram,Piper diagram and End-element diagram of ion ratio)and multivariate statistical techniques(Principal component analysis and Correlation analysis).16 sets of samples were collected from Baiyangdian Lake in May(normal season),July(flood season),and December(dry season)of *** indicate significant spatial variation in Nat,ci,SO and NO,,suggesting a strong influence of human *** concentrations exhibit greater seasonal variation in the dry season compared to the flood season,while the concentrations of the four anions show inconsistent seasonal changes due to the combined effects of river water chemical composition and human *** hydrochemical type of Baiyangdian Lake is primarily HCO,***,Mg*and HCO,originate mainly from silicate and carbonate rock dissolution,while Kt,Nat and CI originate mainly from sewage and salt dissolution in ***42 may mainly stem from industrial wastewater,while NO,primarily originates from animal feces and domestic *** the use of Principal Component Analysis,it is identified that water-rock interaction(silicate and carbonate rocks dissolution,and dissolution of salt in sediments),carbonate sedimentation,sewage,agricultural fertilizer and manure,and nitrification are the main driving factors of the variation of hydrochemical components of Baiyangdian Lake across three hydrological *** findings suggest the need for effective control of substandard domestic sewage discharge,optimization of agricultural fertilization strategies,and proper management of animal manure to comprehensively improve the water environment in Baiyangdian Lake.

关键词： Hydrochemical variation Sources Human activities water-rock interaction Multivariate statistical techniques

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1754-1763页

作者： Yilei Yu Xianfang Song Yinghua Zhang Fandong Zheng Ji Liang Dongmei Han Ying Ma Hongmei Bu Key Laboratory of water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Beijing Hydraulic Research

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type （Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ） and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type （Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ） and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells （Ca-Mg-HCO3 ）. Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods （dry and wet seasons）, and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between （sodium, potassium） and （calcium, magnesium）. Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.

关键词： reclaimed water groundwater chemistry multivariate analysis Chaobai River water-rock interaction evaporation crystallization cation exchange denitrification

Understanding of mineral change mechanisms in coal mine groundwater reservoir and their influences on effluent water quality:a experimental study

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第1期8卷 154-167页

作者： Kai Zhang Huifang Li Jiaming Han Binbin Jiang Ju Gao School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijingBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining Beijing102211China

This paper presents results of an experimental study to characterize the law of mineral change of fallen rock in coal mine groundwater reservoir ant its influence on water *** minerals of the underground reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine is taken as the research *** experiments were designed and conducted to simulate water–rock action in the *** mineral composition was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),the surface morphology of the mineral was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM),and the specific surface area,total pore volume and average pore diameter of the mineral were measured by fast specific surface/pore analyzer(BET).The experimental results show that the sandstone and mudstone in the groundwater reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine account for 70%and 30%,*** pore diameter is 15.62–17.55 nm,and pore volume is 0.035 cc/*** pore structure is a key factor in the occurrence of water–rock *** to the water–rock simulation experiment,the quartz content before the water–rock action is about 34.28%,the albite is about 21.84%,the feldspar is about 17.48%,and the kaolinite is about 8.00%.After the water–rock action,they are 36.14%,17.78%,11.62%,and 16.75%,*** content of albite and orthoclase is reduced while the content of kaolinite is increased,that is,the Na+content becomes higher,and the Ca2+and Mg2+contents become *** research builds a good theoretical foundation for revealing the role of water and rock in underground coal reservoirs.

关键词： Coal mine underground reservoir Fallen rock water-rock interaction rock composition

Geochemistry of Thermal waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第1期90卷 276-284页

作者： Ivan V. BRAGIN Georgy A. CHELNOKOV Oleg V. CHUDAEV Natalia A. KHARITONOVA Sergey V. VYSOTSKIY Far East Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok690022 Russia Moscow State University Moscow119991 Russia Far East Federal University Vladivostok690922 Russia

Studied waters belong to warm （T=30-50℃）, alkaline （pH=8.9-9.3）, low mineralized （TDS〈235 mg/l） Na-HCO3 or Na-SO4-HCO3 thermal waters with high content of SiO2 （up to 81 mg/1） and F （up to 3.9 mg/l）, occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt. Low 3He concentration as well as N2/O2 and N2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid. New rare earth element data constrain our understanding of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region. Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from -71%o to -136.1‰ and from -10.8‰ to -18.8%o for δ^2H and δ^18O respectively. REE patterns reflect high pH, resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions. Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1℃ and 82.2-125.8℃ respectively. Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient （-45- 50 K/km） define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin, area, where no present volcanic activity is registered.

关键词： thermal waters water-rock interaction stable water isotopes rare earth elements in thermal waters

Energy evolution and water immersion‑induced weakening in sandstone roof of coal mines

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第4期9卷 93-106页

作者： Wenjie Liu Ke Yang Shuai Zhang Zhainan Zhang Rijie Xu State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Institute of EnergyHefei 230031AnhuiChina National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Precision Coal Mining Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001AnhuiChina Key Laboratory of Mining Coal Safety and Efciently Constructed By Anhui Province and Ministry of Education Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina

The instability of underground spaces in abandoned coal mines with water-immersed rocks is one of the main hazards hindering the geothermal energy use and ecological restoration of post-mining *** study conducted graded cyclic loading–unloading tests of fve groups of sandstone samples with diferent water *** evolution of input,elastic,dissipated,damping,and plastic energies were explored,considering the damping *** normalized plastic energy serves to characterize the damage evolution of sandstone samples,whose failure characteristics were analyzed from both the macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.X-ray difraction technique and scanning electron microscopy were used to reveal the softening mechanism of *** results show that under graded cyclic loading,input energy,elastic energy,and dissipated energy all increase gradually,and the fraction of elastic energy increases gradually at frst and then tends to *** variation in the fraction of dissipated energy is opposite to that of elastic *** each cycle,the input energy is stored primarily in the form of elastic energy,whereas the dissipated energy is used primarily to overcome the damping of *** the normalized number of cycles approached unity,the plastic energy fraction sharply increases,while that of the dampening energy drops *** increasing water content,the efect of pore water on the lubrication,the water wedge,and dissolution of mineral particles becomes more obvious,reducing the elastic-storage limit of sandstone,meanwhile the sandstone damage factor increases signifcantly under the same cycle and the failure mode changes from brittle to ductile.

关键词： Mining engineering Energy evolution water-rock interaction Weakening mechanism