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Effects of thinning and understory removal on water use efficiency of Pinus massoniana:evidence from photosynthetic capacity and stable carbon isotope analyses

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 42-53页

作者： Ting Wang Qing Xu Beibei Zhang Deqiang Gao Ying Zhang Jing Jiang Haijun Zuo Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Ecology and Nature Conservation InstituteChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000People’s Republic of China Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

Understanding the relationship between forest management and water use efficiency(WUE)is important for evaluating forest adaptability to climate change.However,the effects of thinning and understory removal on WUE and its key controlling processes are not well understood,which limits our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms of various management practices.In this study,four forest management measures(no thinning:NT;understory removal:UR;light thinning:LT;and heavy thinning:HT)were carried out in Pinus massoniana plantations in a subtropical region of China.Photosynthetic capacity and needle stable carbon isotope composition(δ^(13)C)were measured to assess instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE_(inst))and long-term water use efficiency(WUE_(i)).Multiple regression models and structural equation modelling(SEM)identified the effects of soil properties and physiological performances on WUE_(inst)and WUE_(i).The results show that WUE_(inst)values among the four treatments were insignificant.However,compared with the NT stand(35.8μmol·mol^(-1)),WUE_(i)values significantly increased to 41.7μmol·mol^(-1)in the UR,50.1μmol·mol^(-1)in the LT and 46.6μmol·mol^(-1)in HT treatments,largely explained by photosynthetic capacity and soil water content.Understory removal did not change physiological performance(needle water potential and photosynthetic capacity).Thinning increased the net photosynthetic rate(A_n)but not stomatal conductance(g_s)or predawn needle water potential(ψ_(pd)),implying that the improvement in water use efficiency for thinned stands was largely driven by radiation interception than by soil water availability.In general,thinning may be an appropriate management measure to promote P.massoniana WUE to cope with seasonal droughts under future extreme climates.

关键词： Stable carbon isotope water use efficiency Thinning Understory removal Photosynthetic capacity Needle water potential

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water use efficiency data from 2000 to 2019 in measuring progress towards SDGs in Central Asia

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Big Earth Data 2022年第1期6卷 90-102页

作者： Yaning Chen Gonghuan Fang Haichao Hao Xuanxuan Wang State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Central Asia,located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent,is characterized with sparse rainfall,frequent droughts and low water use efficiency.Limited water resources have become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of this region.Accurately assessing the efficiency of water resources utilization is the first step to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in Central Asia.However,since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the evalua-tion of water use efficiency is difficult due to low data availability and poor consistency.To fill this gap,this paper developed a water use efficiency dataset(WUE)based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)Gross Primary Production(GPP)data and the MODIS evapotranspiration(ET)data.The WUE dataset ranges from 2000 to 2019 with a spatial resolution of 500 m.The agricultural WUE was then extracted based on the Global map of irrigated areas and MODIS land use map.As a complementary,the water use amount per GDP was estimated for each country.The present dataset could reflect changes in water use efficiency of agriculture and other sectors.

关键词： Central Asia water use efficiency MODIS agricultural water use

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Beyond the SDG 15.3.1 Good Practice Guidance 1.0 using the Google Earth Engine platform: developing a self-adjusting algorithm to detect significant changes in water use efficiency and net primary production

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 59-80页

作者： Andrea Markos Neil Sims Gregory Giuliani Foundation for the Conservation of the Chiquitano Forest Santa CruzBolivia Bolivian National Academy of Sciences La PazBolivia Centre for Earth Observation Space&AstronomyCSIROClaytonAustralia GEO LDN Initiative Institute for Environmental Sciences EnviroSPACE LabUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences GRID-GenevaUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

Monitoring changes in Annual Net Primary Productivity(ANPP)is required for reporting on UN Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area.Calibrating time-series observations of ANPP to derive water use efficiency(WUE;a measure of ANPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on ANPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use changes.Comparing the ANPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation Neutrality objectives of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://***/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare ANPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land use.This code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator 15.3.1.We use the MODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).We also consider the relationships between ANPP and WUE.Significant and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if negative.The sign and significance of the correlation between ANPP and WUE may also diverge over time.With further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.

关键词： Land degradation land productivity water use efficiency Google Earth Engine MODIS Good Practice Guidance SDG 15.3.1

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Response of water-use efficiency to phenology in the natural forest and grassland of the Loess Plateau in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第9期66卷 2081-2096页

作者： Xingyan TAN Yangwen JIA Cunwen NIU Dawen YANG Wen LU Chunfeng HAO State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of River Basin water Cycle(SKL-WAC) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR)Beijing 100038China

Ecosystem water use efficiency(WUE)is an integrated physiological metric for the coupling cycle between terrestrial carbon,water,and energy.How WUE responds to vegetation phenology(e.g.,SOS,EOS-start,end of growing season,and GSL-growing season length)shifting in temperate semi-arid regions is a hot spot in relative research fields.Based on remotesensing products and in-situ measured climate data,this study discussed how gross primary productivity(GPP),evapotranspiration(ET),and WUE(quantified by GPP/ET)would change with the altering vegetation phenology and climate in the untouched semi-arid forests and grasslands of the Chinese Loess Plateau during 2001–2020.Our results show that vegetation tended to green-up earlier and brown-down later from 2001 to 2020,causing an extended GSL.The forests had an earlier SOS,later EOS,and longer GSL than the grasslands,but the latter had a bigger variation amplitude.The WUE in the study area decreased significantly during spring and summer,while the grassland WUE increased in autumn;the annual mean reduction rate in grassland WUE was approximately twice that of woodland.Earlier SOS could increase forest WUE but reduce grassland WUE in spring,mainly because leaf unfolding has a more pronounced limitation on soil evaporation beneath the forest canopy.EOS had less impact on WUE,and no apparent difference existed between these two ecosystems.Climate change could affect WUE directly by changing GPP and ET and indirectly by regulating vegetation phenology.Warming can increase GPP and ET,causing an earlier SOS,further promoting GPP and ET(except forest ET).Precipitation significantly affected forest GPP and ET in spring,grassland GPP and ET in summer,and grassland ET in autumn;precipitation affects spring grassland WUE mainly via regulating SOS.Enhanced solar radiation could suppress grassland GPP in spring,promote forest ET in autumn,and regulate grassland WUE by affecting phenology.This study is meaningful for improving the process-based vegetation model and studying arid and semi-

关键词： water use efficiency Vegetation phenology Climate change Remote sensing The Loess Plateau

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Controlled drainage in the Nile River delta of Egypt:a promising approach for decreasing drainage off-site effects and enhancing yield and water use efficiency of wheat

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第4期15卷 460-476页

作者： Mohamed K EL-GHANNAM Fatma WASSAR Sabah MORSY Mohamed HAFEZ Chiter M PARIHAR Kent O BURKEY Ahmed M ABDALLAH Soil Water and Environment Research InstituteAgricultural Research CenterGiza 12112Egypt Higher Institute of water Sciences and Techniques of Gabès University of GabèsGabès 6072Tunisia Institute of Arid Regions Medenine 4119Tunisia Crop Science Department Faculty of AgricultureDamanhour UniversityDamanhour 22516Egypt Land and water Technologies Department Arid Lands Cultivation Research InstituteCity of Scientific Research and Technological ApplicationsNew Borg El-Arab 21934Egypt Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) New Delhi 110012India United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)-Agricultural Research Services(ARS) Plant Science Research UnitNorth Carolina 27607USA Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering Department Faculty of AgricultureDamanhour UniversityDamanhour 22516Egypt

North Africa is one of the most regions impacted by water shortage.The implementation of controlled drainage(CD)in the northern Nile River delta of Egypt is one strategy to decrease irrigation,thus alleviating the negative impact of water shortage.This study investigated the impacts of CD at different levels on drainage outflow,water table level,nitrate loss,grain yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of various wheat cultivars.Two levels of CD,i.e.,0.4 m below the soil surface(CD-0.4)and 0.8 m below the soil surface(CD-0.8),were compared with subsurface free drainage(SFD)at 1.2 m below the soil surface(SFD-1.2).Under each drainage treatment,four wheat cultivars were grown for two growing seasons(November 2018–April 2019 and November 2019–April 2020).Compared with SFD-1.2,CD-0.4 and CD-0.8 decreased irrigation water by 42.0%and 19.9%,drainage outflow by 40.3%and 27.3%,and nitrate loss by 35.3%and 20.8%,respectively.Under CD treatments,plants absorbed a significant portion of their evapotranspiration from shallow groundwater(22.0%and 8.0%for CD-0.4 and CD-0.8,respectively).All wheat cultivars positively responded to CD treatments,and the highest grain yield and straw yield were obtained under CD-0.4 treatment.Using the initial soil salinity as a reference,the soil salinity under CD-0.4 treatment increased two-fold by the end of the second growing season without negative impacts on wheat yield.Modifying the drainage system by raising the outlet elevation and considering shallow groundwater contribution to crop evapotranspiration promoted water-saving and WUE.Different responses could be obtained based on the different plant tolerance to salinity and water stress,crop characteristics,and growth stage.Site-specific soil salinity management practices will be required to avoid soil salinization due to the adoption of long-term shallow groundwater in Egypt and other similar agroecosystems.

关键词： drainage ratio nitrate loss water use efficiency yield soil salinity Nile River delta

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Influence of mulch and poultry manure application on soil temperature,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of dry season cultivated okra

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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 382-392页

作者： Mutiu Abolanle Busarit Ganiyu Olawale Bankole Idris Adebanjo Adiamo Rasaq Olayiwola Abiodun Olanrewaju Hammed Ologunde Department of Soil Science and Land Management Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPM.B2240AbeokutaNigeria

Sustainable vegetable production especially during the dry season requires adequate conservation of soil water.This study was conducted to evaluate the sole and interactive effects of mulching(M)and poultry manure(PM)application on soil temperature(ST),crop evapotranspiration(ETc)and water use efficiency(WUE)of okra.The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replicates.The treatments were M at 0 and 6t ha^(-1)and PM at 0,10 and 20t ha^(-1).Soil temperature was measured using digital thermometer while ETc was determined by water depletion method using a Time Domain Reflectometer.Irrigation at field capacity was applied manually at 2-day intervals.Independent appli-cation of mulch significantly lowered ST while joint application of 20t ha^(-1)PM(PM20)and M signifi-cantly(p≤0.05)reduced ST at 5 cm and 10 cm soil depth compared with the unmulched plots in both seasons.Application of 10t ha^(-1)PM(PM10)without M recorded the highest ETc(43.7 mm),while joint application of PM20 and M reduced ETc by about 93%compared with PM10 only.Okra used water most efficiently when PM20 was applied under mulched plot.There was 62.2%increase in WUE under mulched plots compared with the control while the residual effect of PM10 and M significantly increased WUE by 65.5%.It was evident that M alongside application of PM is a good strategy for regulating ST,moderating ETc and increasing okra WUE,especially during dry season farming.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Soil temperature Volumetric water content water depletion method water use efficiency

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve biomass, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller under different water levels

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第8期15卷 975-988页

作者： Teame G KEBEDE Emiru BIRHANE Kiros-Meles AYIMUT Yemane G EGZIABHER Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourceMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Department of Animal Production and Technology College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceAdigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Science College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourceMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia

Opuntia ficus-indica(L.)Miller is a CAM(crassulacean acid metabolism)plant with an extraordinary capacity to adapt to drought stress by its ability to fix atmospheric CO_(2) at nighttime,store a significant amount of water in cladodes,and reduce root growth.Plants that grow in moisture-stress conditions with thick and less fine root hairs have a strong symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)to adapt to drought stress.water stress can limit plant growth and biomass production,which can be rehabilitated by AMF association through improved physiological performance.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of AMF inoculations and variable soil water levels on the biomass,photosynthesis,and water use efficiency of the spiny and spineless O.ficus-indica.The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a full factorial experiment using O.ficus-indica type(spiny or spineless),AMF(presence or absence),and four soil water available(SWA)treatments through seven replications.water treatments applied were 0%–25%SWA(T1),25%–50%SWA(T2),50%–75%SWA(T3),and 75%–100%SWA(T4).Drought stress reduced biomass and cladode growth,while AMF colonization significantly increased the biomass production with significant changes in the physiological performance of O.ficus-indica.AMF presence significantly increased biomass of both O.ficus-indica plant types through improved growth,photosynthetic water use efficiency,and photosynthesis.The presence of spines on the surface of cladodes significantly reduced the rate of photosynthesis and photosynthetic water use *** photosynthesis,photosynthetic water use efficiency,transpiration,and stomatal conductance rate significantly decreased with increased drought stress.Under drought stress,some planted mother cladodes with the absence of AMF have not established daughter cladodes,whereas AMF-inoculated mother cladodes fully established daughter cladodes.AMF root colonization significantly increased with the decrease of SWA.AMF caused an increase in biomass production,increase

关键词： biomass cactus pear cladode growth photosynthesis water stress water use efficiency

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Changes in water use efficiency Caused by Climate Change,CO_(2) Fertilization,and Land use Changes on the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第1期40卷 144-154页

作者： Binghao JIA Xin LUO Longhuan WANG Xin LAI State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment(Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China

Terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency(WUE)is an important indicator for coupling plant photosynthesis and transpiration,and is also a key factor linking the carbon and water cycles between the land and atmosphere.However,under the combination of climate change and human intervention,the change in WUE is still unclear,especially on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).Therefore,satellite remote sensing data and process-based terrestrial biosphere models(TBMs)are used in this study to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of WUE over the TP from 2001 to 2010.Then,the effects of land use and land cover change(LULCC)and CO_(2) fertilization on WUE from 1981-2010 are assessed using TBMs.Results show that climate change is the leading contributor to the change in WUE on the TP,and temperature is the most important factor.LULCC makes a negative contribution to WUE(-20.63%),which is greater than the positive contribution of CO_(2) fertilization(11.65%).In addition,CO_(2) fertilization can effectively improve ecosystem resilience on the TP.On the northwest plateau,the effects of LULCC and CO_(2) fertilization on WUE are more pronounced during the driest years than the annual average.These findings can help researchers understand the response of WUE to climate change and human activity and the coupling of the carbon and water cycles over the TP.

关键词： water use efficiency gross primary productivity evapotranspiration Tibetan Plateau carbon and water cycle

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Impacts of Extreme Droughts on Ecosystem water use efficiency Diverge between Forest and Grassland

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2023年第5期37卷 710-721页

作者： Mengtian HUANG Panmao ZHAI State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Global Change and Polar Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Ecosystem-scale water use efficiency (WUE),as a quantification of the coupling between carbon and water cycle,determines whether vegetation could survive under severe drought stress.Nevertheless,how extreme droughts affect ecosystem-scale WUE and its difference among regions and biomes are still poorly understood.In this study,using data-oriented gridded products of gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET),we assessed the ecosystem WUE change during extreme drought years over China,and further compared drought impacts on WUE between forest and grassland ecosystems.We found a spatial heterogeneity of WUE change in response to extreme droughts across regions.Particularly,grassland WUE was substantially reduced concurrent with suppressed photosynthesis,while most of forest exhibited slightly decreased or even increased WUE under extreme droughts.In addition,we demonstrated that drought characteristics and environmental conditions modulated drought impacts on WUE.Temperature anomalies during droughts and leaf area were found to be the predominant factors driving WUE change for both forest and grassland.With increasing occurrence of compound dry and hot extremes,our results,therefore,would be an insightful supplement to the current understanding of the influence of extreme events on terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： extreme droughts water use efficiency terrestrial ecosystems forest grassland China

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Effects of maize straw biochar application on soil physical properties, morph-physiological attributes, yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 151-159页

作者： Jie Zhang Xinna Liu Qian Wang College of Agricultural Science and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)production was threatened by the inefficiency of fertilizers,contributing to the deterioration of the soil environment under greenhouse conditions in southern China.Biochar application could ameliorate the physical properties of soil and enhance the growth and productivity of tomatoes.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted with four biochar addition rates of 0%(BA0),1%(BA1),3%(BA3),and 5%(BA5).Results showed that the soil physical properties,morph-physiological indicators,yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of tomatoes with biochar addition were significantly higher than those of tomatoes without biochar addition.Among the different treatments,BA5 provided the highest total porosity(53.09%),field capacity(40.73%),plant height(72.5 cm),net photosynthetic rate(16.04 mmol/m^(2)·s),total dry matter(184.65 g/plant),yield(54.9 t/hm^(2)),and WUE(38.5 kg/m^(3)).The yield and WUE increased from 44.5 t/hm^(2) and 31.2 kg/m^(3) under BA0,respectively,to 54.9 t/hm^(2) and 38.5 kg/m^(3) under BA5,respectively.The results suggest that BA5 can maximize improvements in soil physical properties to augment plant growth,thereby increasing the yield and WUE of tomatoes.However,the effects of BA3 and BA5 on WUE were not significantly different.Thus,from the perspective of economic investment,BA3 is recommended.

关键词： maize straw biochar application soil properties water use efficiency tomato greenhouse

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