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A Novel ABA Insensitive Mutant of Lotus japonicus with a Wilty Phenotype Displays Unaltered Nodulation Regulation

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 487-499页

作者： Bandana Biswas Pick Kuen Chan Peter M Gresshoff ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QId 4072 Australia

An ABA insensitive mutant, Beyma, was isolated in Lotus japonicus MG-20 from an EMS mutagenesis population using root growth inhibition to applied ABA as the screening criterion. （The name ＂Beyma＂ was taken from the Australian Aboriginal language, Wagiman, beyma, meaning ‘drying up＇.） The stable mutant that segregates as a dominant Mendelian mutation is insensitive to ABA induced inhibition of germination, vegetative growth, stomatal opening, as well as nodulation. Tissue ABA levels were normal, suggesting a sensitivity rather than biosynthesis mutation. It is slow-growing （50-70% of wild-type MG-20） and has a near-constitutive wilty phenotype associated with its inability to regulate stomatal opening. Whilst showing a wide range of ABA insensitive phenotypes, Beyma did not show alteration of nodule number control, as, in the absence of added ABA, the number and patterning （but not size） of nodules formed in the mutant were similar to that of MG-20. Split root experiments on MG-20 showed that application of ABA on one side of the root inhibited nodulation locally but not systemically. We propose that ABA is not involved directly in systemic autoregulation of nodulation （AON）.

关键词： hormone biology water relations genetics development symbiosis legume.

Arabidopsis MSI1 Is Required for Negative Regulation of the Response to Drought Stress

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 675-687页

作者： Cristina Alexandre Yvonne Moller-Steinbach Nicole Sch6nrock Wilhelm Gruissem Lars Hennig Department of Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Present address: Brain and Mind Research Institute University of Sydney 100 Mallett St Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia Department of Biology ETH Zurich LFW E17 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

Arabidopsis MSI1 has fundamental functions in plant development. MSI1 is a subunit of Polycomb group protein complexes and Chromatin assembly factor 1, and it interacts with the Retinoblastoma-related protein 1. Altered levels of MSI1 result in pleiotropic phenotypes, reflecting the complexity of MSI1 protein functions. In order to uncover additional functions of MSI1, we performed transcriptional profiling of wild-type and plants with highly reduced MSI1 levels （msil-cs）. Surprisingly, the known functions of MSI1 could only account for a minor part of the transcriptional changes in msil-cs plants. One of the most striking unexpected observations was the up-regulation of a subset of ABA-responsive genes eliciting the response to drought and salt stress. We report that MSI1 can bind to the chromatin of the drought-inducible downstream target RD20 and suggest a new role for MSI1 in the negative regulation of the Arabidopsis drought-stress response.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress water relations chromatin structure and remodeling transcriptome analysis development.

A Versatile Phenotyping System and Analytics Platform Reveals Diverse Temporal Responses to water Availability in Setaria

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1520-1535页

作者： Noah Fahlgren Maximilian Feldman Malia A. Gehan Melinda S. Wilson Christine Shyu Douglas W. Bryant Steven T. Hill Colton J. McEntee ankalpi N. Warnasooriya Indrajit Kumar Tracy Ficor Stephanie Turnipseed Kerrigan B. Gilbert Thomas P. Brutnell James C. Carrington Todd C. Mockler Ivan Baxter Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St. Louis MO 63132 USA USDA-ARS Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St. Louis MO 63132 USA These authors contributed equally to this article.

Phenotyping has become the rate-limiting step in using large-scale genomic data to understand and improve agricultural crops. Here, the Bellwether Phenotyping Platform for controlled-environment plant growth and automated multimodal phenotyping is described. The system has capacity for 1140 plants, which pass daily through stations to record fluorescence, near-infrared, and visible images. Plant Computer Vision （PlantCV） was developed as open-source, hardware platform-independent software for quantitative image analysis. In a 4-week experiment, wild Setaria viridis and domesticated Setaria italica had fundamentally different temporal responses to water availability. While both lines produced similar levels of biomass under limited water conditions, Setaria viridis maintained the same water-use efficiency under water replete conditions, while Setaria italica shifted to less efficient growth. Overall, the Bellwether Phenotyping Platform and PlantCV software detected significant effects of genotype and environment on height, biomass, water-use efficiency, color, plant architecture, and tissue water status traits. All -79 000 images acquired during the course of the experiment are publicly available.

关键词： abiotic/environmental stress water relations bioinformatics development phenotyping

Biochar Application Improves the Drought Tolerance in Maize Seedlings

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第4期88卷 379-388页

作者： A.Sattar A.Sher M.Ijaz M.Irfan M.Butt T.Abbas S.Hussain A.Abbas M.S.Ullah M.A.Cheema College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Bahadur Sub-CampusLayyah31200Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan School of Science and the Environment Grenfell Campus Memorial University of NewfoundlandCorner Brook2000A2H 5G4Canada

Application of biochar to agricultural soils is mostly used to improve soil *** treatments were comprised of two factors:i)drought at two level,i.e.,80%and 40%water holding capacity(WHC)which was maintained on gravimetric basis ii)three levels of biochar i.e.,control,2 t ha^(-1) and 4 t ha^(-1) added to *** was done to examine potential of biochar application to enhance the growth attributes,water relations,photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants activities in maize(Zea mays L.)*** of study revealed that biochar application increased the growth qualities(total seedlings biomass,dry weight of shoot and root,shoot length and root length).In addition;contents of photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,b,a+b and a/b),water relation(relative water contents,turgor potential,osmotic potential and water potential)were improved significantly due to addition of *** of 4 t ha^(-1) biochar led to significant rise activity of enzymatic antioxidant catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in leaf of maize seedling sunder drought as well as well watered ***,biochar applied at the rate 4 t ha^(-1) improved the all the physiological and biochemical attributes in maize seedlings under *** the results it was concluded that biochar application is an efficient way to alleviate adverse effect of drought stress on *** drought prone areas,long term impacts of biochar on production of maize and properties of soil could be recommended as upcoming shove.

关键词： Antioxidants biochar drought stress water relations chlorophyll contents

Embolism Occurrence in Relation to water Supply in Xylem of Winter Wheat Leaves

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第4期3卷 269-276页

作者： JIAXiu-ling MARui-kun ZHANGQuan-guo LIGuang-min InstituteofCerealandOilCrops HebeiAcademyofAgriculturalandForestrySciencesShijiazhuang050031P.R.China

Embolism occurrence in the xylem of leaves was investigated in field-grown winter wheat(cv.9195) under droughted and irrigated conditions by ultrasonic acoustic emission (AE)monitoring with drought stress monitor (Model 4615, Physical Acoustics Corp., USA) inthe growing seasons of 1998-2000. The measurements have revealed a pattern of 3 activeAE periods for daily AE signals. The 1st active period generally occurred between 10:00-11:00, the 2nd was often observed around 18:00, and the 3rd was at about midnight, AEsusually ceased after 0:00-2:00. AE rates during these periods varied with soil moisture,weather conditions and growth stages, etc. as shown in Fig. 1. The 3rd one was occasionallymissing on severe drought soils. Irrigation often led immediately to higher AE rates overthe ensued 2nd period. Droughted plants having greater amount of 24 h AEs showed higherdegrees of embolism than the irrigated ones during early jointing stage. However, thetotal of 24 h AEs of droughted wheat decreased by 66 and 82% compared with that irrigatedat middle and late stages respectively. This phenomenon was here termed 'AE attenuation',which was regarded as an implication of incomplete embolism refilling overnight due tosevere soil moisture depletion. Considerable amount of AE signals were also recordedfrom plants on wet soils. It is suggested by the authors that cavitations and embolismmight be a physiological response to the daily rapid establishment of water potentialgradient within xylem system in the morning, rather than merely a phenomenon resultingfrom water stress.

关键词： Xylem Embolism Ultrasonic acoustic emission water relations Winter wheat

water status of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir and Masson pine

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Journal of Forestry Research 2003年第1期14卷 51-55页

作者：喻方圆郭新保徐锡增南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院

water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition. The results showed that Masson pine had a lower osmotic potential (-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor (-1.29Mpa), compared with Chinese fir (-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively). The parameter Vp/V0 (63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of Chinese fir (58.03%). This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation, compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters. Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure. The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours. water poten-tials of 1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.

关键词： Chinese fir Masson pine water relations Seedling desiccation water potential Root growth potential

Effects of Irrigation and Drought on Growth and Essential Oil Production in O. vulgare and R. officinalis

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第5期13卷 659-667页

作者： David C. Baudoin Edward Bush Ted Gauthier Amy B. Hernandez Heather Kirk-Ballard LSU AgCenter School of Plant Environmental & Soil Sciences Miller Hall USA

The essential oil industry has led a rapidly growing market in American herbal medicine. The global essential oil industry was valued at an estimated 18.6 billion USD in 2020 and is expected to have a compound annual growth rate of 7.6% from 2020 to 2027. “Essential oil” is a broad term used to describe volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are often associated with a plant’s essence or aroma. These molecules are commonly extracted from a variety of different plant structures by steam distillation and cold pressing. Essential oils function as a defense against insects, bacteria, fungi, and other stressors, such as drought and cold. The most industrially important of this class of compounds are monoterpenes, steam-volatile constituents which are the most abundant terpenes throughout plants. Essential oils may include monoterpenes (two isoprene units), sesquiterpenes (three isoprene units), ketones, and phenolics. Phenolics include flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins.

关键词： water relations Essential Oil Extraction Terpenes Plant Environmental Stress Mass Spectroscopy

Physiological and Biochemical Changes Induced by PRD Irrigation in Four Olive Varieties

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第5期3卷 344-357页

作者： Badia Aganchich Said Wahbi Cherkaoui El Modafar Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech 40000Morocco Laboratory of Biotechnology Valorisation and Protection of Agro-Resources Faculty of Sciences and Technology Gueliz CadiAyyad University Marrakech 40000 Morocco

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial root-zone drying （PRD） irrigation technique on stomatal conductance （gs）, leaf water potential （qJpd）, leaf relative water content （RWC）, vegetative growth, fruit quality and enzymatic antioxidants of young plants of four Olea europaea L. varieties （Picholine Marocaine, Haouzia, Picholine Languedoc and Manzanilla） grown under arid conditions in Southern Morocco. In this irrigation strategy, a split-root technique was used to divide the root system of the plants in two parts. Two water regimes were used：（1） control, with both root compartments well watered; （2） PRD, with one compartment irrigated （50% of the control）, the other compartment was kept dry switching every 10 days. For all olive varieties studied, gs and the shoot length of the plants subjected to PRD decreased, whereas, Woo and RWC remained higher. The effect of PRD was similar among the four olive varieties, with their stomata closing in response to the water deficit before any significant changes in leaf water status were detectable. At the agronomic level, the benefits of PRD on olive were expressed by an earlier maturity and by higher values of olive fruit weight and dimensions, especially, in Manzanilla, which produced a fruit reaching 7.1 g and 2.6 cm, respectively. The enzymatic activities of soluble peroxidases （POX）, insoluble peroxidases （POXins）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） were up-regulated under PRD. Picholine Marocaine and Haouzia showed higher enzymatic activities revealing that in these two varieties, PRD had possibly induced oxidative stress, which resulted in an up-regulation of the antioxidant activities of POXins, POX, PPO and SOD under water deficit.

关键词： Olive water deficit PRD irrigation water relations vegetative growth antioxidant enzymes

CAPABILITY OF ABSCISIC ACID ACCUMULATION IN RELATION TO OSMOTIC POTENTIAL IN MAIZE LEAVES AND ROOTS

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CAPABILITY OF ABSCISIC ACID ACCUMULATION IN RELATION TO OSMO...