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Dietary guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improves water holding capacity and lowers free amino acid concentration of fresh meat in finishing pigs fed with various dietary protein levels

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 112-120页

作者： Lu Wang Yubo Wang Doudou Xu Linjuan He Xiaoyan Zhu Jingdong Yin State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450046China

The current study was carried out to detect the effect of dietary guanidinoacetic acid(GAA)supplementation on carcass characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs fed different dietary crude protein(CP)***-four barrows with an initial body weight of 73.05±2.34 kg were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2(100%vs.125%NRC CP level)×2(0 vs.300 mg/kg GAA)factorial arrangement(n=7).The feeding trial lasted for 49 *** supplementation significantly reduced drip loss(P=0.01),free water distribution(T23peak area ratio)(P=0.05)and the concentrations of free alanine,threonine,methionine and isoleucine(P<0.05);but increased total glycine content(P=0.03)in the longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs regardless of the dietary CP ***,primary myogenic cell differentiation system was employed to investigate the influence of inclusion of GAA on free amino acid concentrations in myotubes(n=4)and validate the finding in the animal feeding *** found that GAA inclusion in culture medium also decreased intracellular concentrations of free alanine,threonine,methionine,isoleucine,valine and proline in differentiated primary myogenic cells in vitro(P<0.05).Meanwhile,relative to diets with 100%NRC CP level,the intake of diets with 125%NRC CP level improved sarcoplasmic protein solubility,increased the contents of carnosine and total free amino acids as well as flavor amino acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle and decreased backfat thickness at the 6-7th ribs in pigs(P<0.05).In addition,we observed that the impact of dietary GAA supplementation on the last rib fat thickness,shear force,and free lysine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle was dependent on dietary CP levels(P<0.05).Collectively,dietary GAA supplementation can reduce drip loss,decrease the concentrations of free amino acids and flavor amino acids of fresh meat independent of dietary CP levels.

关键词： Guanidinoacetic acid Dietary crude protein level Meat quality water holding capacity Amino acid composition Pork

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Enhancing soil water holding capacity and provision of a potassium source via optimization of the pyrolysis of bamboo biochar

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Biochar 2021年第1期3卷 51-61页

作者： Tran Thi Thu Hien Toshiki Tsubota Tomoyuki Taniguchi Yoshiyuki Shinogi Laboratory of Irrigation and water Management Faculty of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuoka 8130395Japan Agricultural Science Institute of Northern Central Vietnam Vietnam Academy of Agricultural SciencesVinhNghe An 44000Vietnam Department of Materials Science Faculty of EngineeringKyushu Institute of TechnologyKitakyushu 8048550Japan West No.5 Building 744 MotookaNishi‑WardFukuoka 8190395Japan

Rapid expansion of cultivated bamboo negatively impacts on biodiversity and soil microbial *** such,it is important to properly manage and use bamboo to prevent and control such *** study focuses on optimizing pyrolysis conditions to produce bamboo biochar for agricultural soil amendment,particularly soil potassium(K)and water holding *** chips were pyrolyzed under nitrogen gas at 400,600,and 800℃ for 1 and 2 h of retention.A total of six biochar products were created:400-1(i.e.,400℃ in 1 h),400-2,600-1,600-2,800-1,and *** 600℃ bamboo biochar products were observed to have the greatest potential in increasing soil K and water holding *** 600-1 product had the highest potassium content(4.87%),with a water holding capacity of 3.73 g g^(−1),while the 600-2 product had the second-highest potassium content(4.13%)and the highest water holding capacity(4.21 g g^(−1))and cation exchange *** K release in 600℃ products was larger and slower than that of the 400℃ and 800℃ products,*** results also indicated that the physicochemical characteristics of bamboo biochar,such as yield,pH,surface area,water holding capacity,and K content,were significantly impacted by temperature,retention time,or a combination of these *** outcomes from this study are a valuable reference for bamboo biochar production targeting agricultural soil amendment,particularly when it is directed at increasing soil K and water holding capacity.

关键词： Bamboo biochar Temperature Retention time Potassium water holding capacity Cation exchange capacity

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Effects of Addition of Bee Pollen on water holding capacity of Pork

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2009年第4期1卷 18-20页

作者：王启发王中才淮海工学院食品工程学院江苏连云港222005 滁州市章广种猪场安徽滁州239083

[ Objective] To explore the effects of different proportion of bee pollen on the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs in order to determine the optimal proportion. [ Method] A total of 80 Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, weighing （10.0 ± 1.0） kg, were randomly divided into five groups. The experimental period was 120 d including the 5-day pre-feecling period. The corn-soybean meal was not replaced during the whole period. All pigs had free access to feed and water. The pigs were fasting for 24 h but not prohibited from feed before the beginning. Group I was the control group reared with the diet not supplemented bee pollen. The pigs in group II, III ,IV and V were reared with the diet supplemented bee pollen at the concentration of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively. After slaughtering, eye muscle was used for determination of water holding capacity through fast filter paper method, drip loss method, cooking loss method and Na- pole yield determination method. [ Resultl With the increase of the proportion of bee pollen, the water holding capacity of pork was first good and then poor. The addition of bee pollen at the concentration of 5% significantly reduced the drip loss of pork and the water holding capacity which was detected by fast filter paper method, but the cooking loss and Napole yield were not significantly influenced. [ Condmion] The bee pollen can effectively improve the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, and the optimal proportion is 5%.

关键词： Bee pollen water holding capacity Fast filter paper method Drip loss method Cooking loss method Napole yield determinationmethod

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The effect of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether on permeability and water holding capacity of spray membrane material for sand-fixing and seeding grass

The effect of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether on permeabil...

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2011中国材料研讨会

作者： Zhang Zengzhi,Li Zhaoxun,Hou Liang,Zhu Meijie

Spray membrane material for sand-fixing and seeding grass is a kind of new material which can be applied to ecological restoration in desertification *** paper prepared the spray membrane material by modifying clay used Japanese wax and polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether（OP4） as modifying agent,and then analyzed the mechanism of permeability and water holding *** electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter were used for the characterization of spray *** result indicated that the inhibition effects of spray membrane material on water evaporation increased with the increase of OP4 addition *** the spray membrane material had function of air permeability and water *** clay grains were coated by modifying agent and the structure and interlayer distance were unchanged,therefore,the growth of plants was not affected.

关键词： ecological restoration spray membrane material polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether permeability water holding capacity

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Aspects of forest restoration and hydrology:the hydrological function of litter

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 543-552页

作者： Luara Castilho Pereira Leonardo Balbinot Marcelle Teodoro Lima Julieta Bramorski Kelly Cristina Tonello Hydrology in Forest Ecosystems Lab.(Hidrolef) Department of Environmental SciencesFederal University of São Carlos(UFSCar)SorocabaSão PauloBrazil Hydrology in Forest Ecosystems Lab.(Hidrolef) Department of Environmental SciencesFederal University of Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAmapáBrazil

Although forests play important roles in the hydrological cycle,there is little information that relates the water retention capacity of litter in areas under passive restoration,especially in Cerrado *** study relates litter levels to water holding capacity and effective water retention among forest fragments under different passive restoration stages:46,11,and 8 years to better understand litter hydrological functions in the *** retention capacity and effective water retention capacity of litters(unstructured materials,branches and leaves)in the field were monitored on a monthly *** litter accumulation at 46 years was significantly higher than that of the other succession *** litter mass was significantly higher than that of leaves and *** 46-year stage had the highest water holding capacity in the leaf fraction,followed by unstructured material and *** the water holding capacity was lower in the oldest resto-ration,this site showed the highest efficiency under field *** process was quickly reestablished,as the 11-year restoration showed results closer to that for the 46-year stage in comparison to the area at 8 ***,passive restoration plays a key role in soil water mainte-nance due to the influence of litter in Cerrado *** and the imminent need of restoring degraded sites,highlight the need for further studies focused on bet-ter understanding of the process of forest restoration and its temporal effect on soil water recovery dynamics.

关键词： Forest hydrology Litter interception Stemflow Cerrado Águas Perenes Forest water holding capacity

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Influence of Organic Matter Content on Hydro-Structural Properties of Constructed Technosols

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 486-498页

作者： Maha DEEB Michel GRIMALDI Thomas Z.LERCH Anne PANDO Pascal PODWOJEWSKI Manuel BLOUIN UPEC Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (UMR 7618) IRD Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (UMR 242)

Constructed Technosols may be an alternative for creating urban green spaces. However, the hydro-structural properties emer- ging from the assembly of artefacts have never been documented. The soil shrinkage curve （SSC） could provide relevant structural information about constructed Technosols, such as the water holding capacity of each pore system （macropores and micropores）. The objectives of this study were （i） to evaluate the SSC and water retention curve （WRC） to describe the structure of constructed Tech- nosols and （ii） to understand the influence of organic matter content on soil hydro-structural properties. In this study, Technosols were obtained by mixing green waste compost （GWC） with the material excavated from deep horizons of soil （EDH）. The CWC was mixed with EDH in six different volumetric percentages from 0% to 50% （GWC/total）. The GWC and EDH exhibited highly divergent hydro-structural properties： the SSC was hyperbolic for GWC and sigmoid for EDH. All six mixture treatments （0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% GWC） exhibited the classical sigmoid shape, revealing two embedded levels of pore systems. The 20% GWC treatment was hydro-structurally similar to the 30% and 40% GWC treatments; so, a large quantity of expansive GWC is unnecessary. The relation with the GWC percentage was a second-degree equation for volumetric available water in micropores, but was linear for volumetric available water in macropores and total volumetric available water. Total volumetric available water in the 50% GWC treatment was twice as high as that in the 0% GWC treatment. By combining SSCs and WRCs, increasing the GWC percentage increased water holding capacity by decreasing the maximum equivalent size of water-saturated micropores at the shrinkage limit and increasing the maximum equivalent size of water-saturated macropores, resulting in an increased range of pore diameter able to retain available water.

关键词： available water soil shrinkage curve soil water content water holding capacity water retention curve

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Drainage of paddy terraces impacts structures and soil properties in the globally important agricultural heritage of Hani Paddy Terraces,China

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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 64-76页

作者： Ming Wang Li Rong Yanbo Li Jiangcheng Huang Yuanmei Jiao Xiaoyan Wei Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Kunming650500China Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Kunming650500China Power China Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited Kunming650051China Department of Geography Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming650500China Yunnan Provincial Archives of Surveying and Mapping(Yunnan Provincial Geomatics Centre) Kunming650032China

Marginalization and abandonment of paddy terraces are widespread,but their effects on the sustainability of subsequent agricultural production are still *** Paddy Terraces,included in Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems,are threatened by paddy fields ***,changes in terrace structure,the productivity of topsoil(0-20 cm),and soil water holding capacity at 0-70 cm depth were determined in a case study of Hani Paddy Terraces in Amengkong River Basin in Yuanyang County in Southwestern China,which had been converted into dryland terraces for 2-14 *** results showed that:(1)The degree of terrace structures degradation exhibited a U-shaped curve with increasing time since draining,with those drained for 5-9 years having the best structure;(2)Soil productivity index decreased first and then increased with time after conversion;(3)Maximum water holding capacity at 0-70 cm soil depth dramatically decreased after conversion and such trend became increasingly obvious with increasing time since *** study revealed that drainage of paddy terraces along with associated changes in crop and field management led to an increase in soil productivity,but degradation of terrace structures and a decrease in water holding capacity will inhibit restoration to paddy *** findings enhance the understanding of the biophysical changes due to marginalization in paddy terraces.

关键词： Hani paddy terraces Terraces marginalization Terrace structure degradation Soil productivity water holding capacity

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Functional properties of defatted chickpea flour heat-induced gels

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 280-286页

作者： Chonghao Bi Aoxue Qie Tong Zhou Yi Liu Bin Tian School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Defatted chickpea flour(DCF),which is a by-product of chickpea oil extraction industry,is rich in nutrients that are beneficial to human *** this study,the effects of temperature and DCF variation on the rheological properties,water holding capacity,freeze-thaw stability and microstructure of DCF heat induced gels were *** results showed that the viscoelasticity,frequency dependence,and resistance strength of heat induced gels increased significantly with the increase of temperature and DCF *** degree of denaturation and water retention of heat induced gels increased significantly with increased variables within the temperature and variation windows of 75℃ to 95℃ and 13%to 21%.The CLSM results revealed that variations of both temperature and DCF variation could cause the proteins in the heat induced gels to aggregate gradually and to form protein *** temperature or variation exceeded certain value(85℃ or 17%),the protein aggregations broke up and the protein clusters became smaller and more ***,the heat induced gels presented better water holding capacity,viscoelasticity,structural stability and gel property at a temperature of 95℃ or a DCF variation of 21%within the present experimental range.

关键词： defatted chickpea flour rheological property freeze-thaw stability water holding capacity microstructure

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Moisture,water holding,Drying and Wetting in Forest Soils

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第5期4卷 174-184页

作者： Pavel Blazka Zofia Fischer Faculty of Science University of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Present Address:Ulrychova 23 162 00 Praha 6Czech Department of Applied Ecology John Paul ⅡCatholic University of LublinLublinPoland

Relationship of soil and water is generally considered as important in soil science. To specify it further we studied two different soils in 2012-2013, three additional soils once and made several series of experiments with drying and wetting of the soils. Principal parameters studied were the gravimetric water content (GWC), water holding capacity (WHC), soil organic matter (SOM), their correlations and rates of change in drying or wetting. The three parameters are significantly inter-correlated. Distribution of GWC in the replicates of soils dried both in nature and in experiments was narrower than that in wet soils, while WHC changed less in drying. The correlations (GWC- WHC) became steeper (the slope coefficient higher) and the coefficient of determination (R2) lower. Attempts to increase WHC in wet soils with a high WHC even further were not successful. Drying may be fast or slow;rates of increase of WHC in wetting were all low, both in field and in the experiments, less than 0.1 g (H2O) g-1 (soil)·day-1. None of the three parameters can be considered as fixed characteristics of forest soils.

关键词： Soil-water Relationships Climate Change water holding capacity

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Adsorption characteristics of droplets applied on non-smooth leaf surface of typical crops

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 35-41页

作者： Wang Shujie Wang Hujun Li Chun Zhong Xiangmei Huang Hui Zhou Yajun College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education China)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China

To further understand the adsorption characteristics of different-type leaf surfaces adsorbing pesticide droplets and reveal the adsorption mechanism of pesticide droplets on non-smooth leaves,non-smooth leaves of 12 kinds of typical target plants were investigated in this *** parameters of surface morphological characteristics were measured,which include contact angle between leaves and water droplets,water holding capacity surface tension,polar component,dispersion component and other quantitative range of indicators and variation by modern *** relationships between the indicators and water holding capacity were investigated *** experimental results show that the number of trichomes,epidermal wax,morphology and distribution characteristics have influences on adsorption characteristics of the water *** is a negative correlation between free energy of obverse side and the water holding capacity(R=−0.447)while the free energy of reverse side and the water holding capacity show a positive correlation(R=0.212).Also,there is a negative correlation between polar component of obverse side and the water holding capacity(R=−0.357)while the polar component of reverse side and the water holding capacity in plant leaves show a positive correlation(R=0.149).The research can provide a scientific theory for reasonable spraying of pesticide in the agricultural production,and can be a reference for the development of pesticide adjuvants and bionic pesticides.

关键词： surface of plant leaves adsorption characteristics contact angle water holding capacity surface tension

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