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Spatiotemporal characteristics and water budget of water cycle elements in different seasons in northeast China

Chinese Physics B 2015年第4期24卷 563-570页

作者：周杰赵俊虎何文平龚志强 Department of Physical Science and Technology Yangzhou University Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

In this paper, we study the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitable water, precipitation, evaporation, and watervapor flux divergence in different seasons over northeast China and the water balance of that area. The data used in this paper is provided by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）. The results show that the spatial distributions of precipitable water, precipitation, and evaporation feature that the values of elements above in the southeastern area are larger than those in the northwestern area; in summer, much precipitation and evaporation occur in the Changbai Mountain region as a strong moisture convergence region; in spring and autumn, moisture divergence dominates the northeast of China; in winter, the moisture divergence and convergence are weak in this area. From 1979 to 2010, the total precipitation of summer and autumn in northeast China decreased significantly; especially from 1999 to 2010, the summer precipitation always demonstrated negative anomaly. Additionally, other elements in different seasons changed in a truly imperceptible way. In spring, the evaporation exceeded the precipitation in northeast China; in summer, the precipitation was more prominent; in autumn and winter, precipitation played a more dominating role than the evaporation in the northern part of northeast China, while the evaporation exceeded the precipitation in the southern part. The Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis （ERA-Interim） data have properly described the water balance of different seasons in northeast China. Based on ERA-Interim data, the moisture sinks computed through moisture convergence and moisture local variation are quite consistent with those computed through precipitation and evaporation, which proves that ERA- Interim data can be used in the research of water balance in northeast China. On a seasonal scale, the moisture convergence has a greater influence than the local moisture variation on a moisture sink, and the latter is va

关键词： ERA-Interim data water cycle moisture budget spatiotemporal characteristic

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Recent progress in synergistic electrocatalysis for generation of valuable products based on water cycle

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 6444-6476页

作者： Yue Li Yanqing Jiao Haijing Yan Chungui Tian Aiping Wu Honggang Fu Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080China

Given the grim situation of global warming and energy crisis,replacing traditional energy conversions based on carbon cycle with water cycle is a sustainable development *** synergistic electrocatalysis for value-added chemical production through oxygen species(O_(ads):OH^(*),O^(*),and OOH^(*))and the active hydrogen species(H_(ads))derived from water splitting powered by“green”electricity from renewable energy resource(wind,solar,etc.)is a promising manner,because of its reduced energy consumption and emission and high Faradaic *** study and summarization of catalytic mechanism of synergistic electrocatalysis are particularly significant,but are rarely *** this review,recent progress of various synergistic electrocatalysis systems for generating valuable products based on water cycle is systematically ***,the catalytic mechanism of synergistic electrocatalysis and the positive effect of O_(ads) and H_(ads) species produced by water splitting during the synergistic electrocatalytsis are detailedly ***,the regulation of water-derived O_(ads) and H_(ads) species for achieving efficient matchability of synergistic electrocatalysis is emphatically ***,we propose the limitations and future goals of this synergistic system based on water *** review is guidance for design of synergistic electrocatalysis architectures for producing valuable substances based on water cycle.

关键词： synergistic electrocatalysis water cycle active oxygen and hydrogen species valuable products

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On the Numerical Modeling of the Deep Mantle water cycle in Global-Scale Mantle Dynamics:The Effects of the water Solubility Limit of Lower Mantle Minerals

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第4期28卷 563-577页

作者： Takashi Nakagawa Department of Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyYokohama 236-0001Japan

water is the most important component in Earth system evolution. Here, I review the current understanding of the fate of water in the mantle dynamics system based on high-pressure and temperature experiments, geochemical analyses, seismological and geomagnetic observations, and nu- merical modeling of both regional- and giobal-scale mantle dynamics. In addition, as a numerical ex- ample, I show that the water solubility of the deep mantle is strongly sensitive to global-scale water cir- culation in the mantle. In a numerical example shown here, water solubility maps as functions of tem- perature and pressure are extremely important for revealing the hydrous structures in both the mantle transition zone and the deep mantle. Particularly, the water solubility limit of lower mantle minerals should be not so large as ~100 ppm for the mantle transition zone to get the largest hydrous reservoir in the giobal-scale mantle dynamics system. This result is consistent with the current view of mantle water circulation provided by mineral physics, which is also found as a hydrous basaltic crust in the deep mantle and the water enhancement of the mantle transition zone simultaneously. In this paper, I also discuss some unresolved issues associated with mantle water circulation, its influence on the onset and stability of plate motion, and the requirements for developing Earth system evolution in mantle dy- namics simulations.

关键词： numerical modeling mantle convection water cycle water solubility limit.

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Xin'anjiang Nested Experimental watershed(XAJ-NEW)for Understanding Multiscale water cycle:Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design

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Engineering 2022年第11期18卷 207-217页

作者： Ke Zhang Yunping Li Zhongbo Yu Tao Yang Junzeng Xu Lijun Chao Jin Ni Liutong Wang Yun Gao Yuzhong Hu Zuoding Lin State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Hydrology and water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China Bureau of Hydrology(Information Center)of Taihu Basin Authority Shanghai 200434China Bureau of Hydrology of Anhui Province Hefei 230022China Department of Hydrology Chinese Ministry of Water ResourcesBeijing 100053China

This paper presents the background,scientific objectives,experimental design,and preliminary achievements of the Xin’anjiang nested experimental watershed(XAJ-NEW),implemented in 2017 in eastern China,which has a subtropical humid monsoon climate and a total area of 2674 *** scientific objectives of the XAJ-NEW include building a comprehensive,multiscale,and nested hydrometeorological monitoring and experimental program,strengthening the observation of the water cycle,discovering the spatiotemporal scaling effects of hydrological processes,and revealing the mechanisms controlling runoff generation and partitioning in a typical humid,hilly *** two years of operation,preliminary results indicated scale-dependent variability in key hydrometeorological processes and variables such as precipitation,runoff,groundwater,and soil *** effects of canopy interception and runoff partitioning between the surface and subsurface were also *** operation of this program can further reveal the mechanisms controlling runoff generation and partitioning,discover the spatiotemporal scaling effects of hydrological processes,and understand the impacts of climate change on hydrological *** findings provide new insights into understanding multi scale hydrological processes and their responses to meteorological forcings,improving model parameterization schemes,and enhancing weather and climate forecast skills.

关键词： water cycle Runoff generation Hydrological processes Hydrological scaling Soil moisture Groundwater Canopy interception

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New evidence for the links between the local water cycle and the underground wet sand layer of a mega-dune in the Badain Jaran Desert, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第4期6卷 371-377页

作者： Jun WEN ZhongBo SU TangTang ZHANG Hui TIAN YiJian ZENG Rong LIU Yue KANG Rogier van der VELDE Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente

Scientists and the local government have great concerns about the climate change and water resources in the Badain Jaran Desert of western China. A field study for the local water cycle of a lake-desert system was conducted near the Noertu Lake in the Badain Jaran Desert from 21 June to 26 August 2008. An underground wet sand layer was observed at a depth of 20–50 cm through analysis of datasets collected during the field experiment. Measurements unveiled that the near surface air humidity increased in the nighttime. The sensible and latent heat fluxes were equivalent at a site about 50 m away from the Noertu Lake during the daytime, with mean values of 134.4 and 105.9 W/m2 respectively. The sensible heat flux was dominant at a site about 500 m away from the Noertu Lake, with a mean of 187.7 W/m2, and a mean latent heat flux of only 26.7 W/m2. There were no apparent differences for the land surface energy budget at the two sites during the night time. The latent heat flux was always negative with a mean value of –12.7 W/m2, and the sensible heat flux was either positive or negative with a mean value of 5.10 W/m2. A portion of the local precipitation was evaporated into the air and the top-layer of sand dried quickly after every rainfall event, while another portion seeped deep and was trapped by the underground wet sand layer, and supplied water for surface psammophyte growth. With an increase of air humidity and the occurrence of negative latent heat flux or water vapor condensation around the Noertu Lake during the nighttime, we postulated that the vapor was transported and condensed at the lakeward sand surface, and provided supplemental underground sand pore water. There were links between the local water cycle, underground wet sand layer, psammophyte growth and landscape evolution of the mega-dunes surrounding the lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert of western China.

关键词： mega-dune water cycle observation wet sand layer Badain Jaran Desert

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Effects of drip irrigation on components of water cycle in arid inland areas: A case study of Manas river basin in northwestern China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 132-138页

作者： Pengfei Li Guang Yang Xinlin He Fadong Li Ke Yan Zelin Wang College of water and Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003XinjiangChina Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern water-Saving Irrigation Shihezi 832003China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Compared to either drip irrigation or mulching with plastic film,the two methods together can reduce water requirements of crops grown in arid areas by more than 30%.Such a combination deployed on a large scale(1)reduced the loss of soil water by 31.8%compared to that from drip irrigation alone;(2)narrowed the range of annual evapotranspiration from 1582.4-1780.3 mm,which is average for the basin,to 222.2-294.8 mm;and(3)increased the overall humidity in the central plain of the ***,the surrounding regions in which drip irrigation is not combined with mulching are getting more arid;thus,as a result of the water-saving technology,both oases and the desertification of the river basin are increasing at the same *** results of the study further the understanding of the effects of drip irrigation combined with mulching on water cycles in the basin of the Manas river and suggest ways to protect the ecology and the environment of the basin.

关键词： evapotranspiration drip irrigation arid inland areas water cycle Mann-Kendall rank test MOD16 Manas river basin

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Global water cycle and remote sensing big data: overview, challenge, and opportunities

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Big Earth Data 2018年第3期2卷 282-297页

作者： Yaokui Cui Xi Chen Jinyu Gao Binyan Yan Guoqiang Tang Yang Hong Institute of RS and GIS Peking UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration&Its Applications BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Jackson School of Geosciences the University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science University of OklahomaUSA

The Earth’s water cycle involves energy exchange and mass move-ment in the hydrosphere and thus sustains the dynamic balance of global hydrologic *** water cycle variables on the Earth are closely interconnected with each other through the process of energy and water ***,understanding and predict-ing the storage,movement,and quality of water remains a grand challenge for contemporary water science and technology,especially for researches across different spatio-temporal *** remote sensing observing platform has a unique advantage in acquiring complex water information and has already greatly improved obser-ving,understanding,and predicting ability of the water *** of obtaining comprehensive water cycle data are also expanded by new remote sensing techniques,and the vast amount of data has become increasingly available and thus accelerated a new Era:the Remote Sensing Big Data Study of Global water *** element inversion,time and space reconstruction,and scale conver-sion are three key scientific issues for remote sensing water cycle in ***,it also presents a huge opportunity of capitalizing the combinations of Remote Sensing and Big Data to advance and improve the global hydrology and water security research and devel-opment,and uncork the new bottlenecks.

关键词： Remote sensing water cycle big data overview

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Research progress of socio-economic water cycle in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第1期12卷 114-120页

作者： JIA Shao-feng, WANG Guo, ZHANG Shi-feng, YU Gui-rui, WANG Jin-xia, XIA Jun (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China) CAS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***)

China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.

关键词： water cycle socio-economic water cycle sustainable water resources management water security

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New progress of research on water cycle in atmosphere in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第4期11卷 100-109页

作者： Wang Guo Jia Shao-feng Yu Gui-rui Xu Juan Wang Jin-xia Wang Qiu-feng Ge Quan-sheng Huang Ji-kun Xia Jun Li Li-fnjuan et al. CAS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***)

New progresses are introduced briefly about the water cycle study on atmosphere of China made in recent years. The introduction includes eight aspects as follows: 1) precipitation characteristics, 2) stability of climatic system, 3) precipitation sensitive region, 4) regional evaporation and evapotranspiration, 5) water surface evaporation, 6) vegetation transpiration, 7) cloud physics, and 8) vapor source.

关键词： progress water cycle atmosphere

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Effect of apple production base on regional water cycle in Weibei upland of the Loess Plateau

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第2期11卷 239-243页

作者： HUANG Ming-bin~1, HE Fu-hong~2, YANG Xin-min~1, LI Yu-shan~1 (1. Institute of Soil and water Conservation, CAS, Yangling 712100, China 2. Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China) CAS Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Yangling China (GRID:grid.458510.d) (ISNI:0000 0004 1799 307X) Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling China (GRID:grid.144022.1) (ISNI:***)

Weibei upland, located in southern part of the Loess Plateau, is a commercial apple production base in China. The enlargement of apple-planting area has a great impact on the regional water cycle. The effects of different land use on hydrological parameters are compared and studied in this paper. The main results are as follows (1) The initial and steady infiltration rates in apple orchard are higher than those in other land use types such as grassland, idle land and farmland. Their initial rates of infiltration are 0.823 cm/min, 0.215 cm/min, 0.534 cm/min and 0.586 cm/min in apple orchard, grassland, idle land and farmland respectively. Their steady infiltration rates are 0.45 cm/min, 0.038 cm/min, 0.191 cm/min and 0.155 cm/min respectively. (2) There is no runoff generated in plot of apple orchard in all 8 storm events in observed natural rainfalls, while runoff is generated in winter wheat plot, corn plot and alfalfa plot with runoff coefficients of 2.39%, 1.58% and 0.31% respectively. (3) The transpiration of apple trees is strong and thus soil moisture is gradually depleted. The average soil water contents in 3–9 m soil profile in Changwu plots with apple trees of 14 and 32 years in age are 11.77% and 11.59% and in Luochuan plots with those of 15 and 28 years in age are 11.7% and 11.59% respectively, which are nearly 9.0% of wilting moisture of Changwu soil and 8.6% of wilting moisture of Luochuan soil. The pathway of rainfall percolating to groundwater is hindered by dry soil profile.

关键词： Loess Plateau Weibei upland water cycle

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