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The Stimulation Effects of N^+ Ion Beam on Liquorice and Its Influence on water stress

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第2期8卷 247-252页

作者：魏胜林刘竞男吴李君王家宝余增亮 Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China School of City Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China

We have developed a large number of exocrine glands on liquorice leaves and facilitated polysaccharide secretion. Liquorice polysaccharide possesses stronger bound water affinity to gaseous water compared with sucrose and glucose. Our results show that the bound water affinity of liquorice polysaccharide to gaseous water is 49.75% higher than glucose （p〈0.01）. With N^＋ implantation （total dosage of 4.68×10^16 ions/cm^2 and energy of 20 keV） into dry liquorice seeds, both the bound water affinity to gaseous water and the bound water content of dry liquorice leaf can be significantly increased 30.24% （p 〈 0.01） and 36.51% （p 〈 0.01） respectively compared with the sham-irradiated seeds. Meanwhile, with these parameters chosen for N^＋ implantation into dry liquorice seeds, the leaf polysaccharide content under water stress （ψw=-1.5 MPa） can increase significantly （p 〈 0.05） and the plant growth can also improve significantly （p 〈 0.05）.

关键词： N^+ implantation liquorice polysaccharide of liquorice bound water water stress

Expression of MaMAPK Gene in Seedlings of Malus *** water stress

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2006年第4期38卷 281-286页

作者： Li-Xin PENG~(1,2) Ling-Kun GU~2 Cheng-Chao ZHENG~2 De-Quan LI~2* Huai-Rui SHU~2 1 Department of Horticulture,Tianjin Agricuhural College,Tianjin 300384,China 2 College of Life Science,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China Department of Horticulture Tianjin Agricultural CollegeTianjin 300384 China College of Life Science Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018 China

Seedlings of three species of Malus were used to study the expression of mitogen-activatedprotein kinase (MAPK) in response to water stress:Malus hupehensis,a drought-sensitive species;Malussieversii,a drought-tolerant species;and Malus micromalus,a middle *** showed that MalusMAPK (MaMAPK,GenBank accession ***435805) was expressed in both roots and leaves of seedlingsof the three Malus species treated with 20% polyethylene glycol for different time *** levelspeaked at 1.5 h after treatment with polyethylene glycol,then decreased to their lowest *** kinaseassays indicated that the dynamic changes of MAPK activity were very similar to those of the relativeexpression of MaMAPK ***,the peak of the former occurred slightly behind the *** wasnoticed that,although the kinase activity decreased after the peak,it was still higher than that of the controlduring the whole time *** results suggested that MaMAPK was regulated not only by water stressat the transcription level,but also by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation at the protein *** addition,of these three apple species,the highest MAPK activity and MaMAPK expression level was found in ***,followed by *** and ***,suggesting that MAPK might be correlated withdrought tolerance in these three *** different expression levels might be one of the molecularmechanisms of the different drought tolerances in Malus.

关键词： expression characteristics Malus L. MaMAPK gene water stress

Effects of Rare Earth on Oxidative Damage and Redox System of Wheat Seedling Leaves under water stress

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Journal of Rare Earths 2005年第4期23卷 486-490页

作者：高永生陈集双曾福礼 College ofLife Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China College ofLife Science LanzhouUniversity Lanzhou 730000 China

After treated with low concentration of La^3 ＋ , the rate of producing active oxygen free radical, the relative permeability of cell membrane, the contents of bivalent iron ion in wheat seedling leaves under water stress were determined. The results show that in wheat seedling leaves, feasible concentrations of La^3 ＋ decreases the accumulation of active oxygen free radical, inhibits the increase of the relative permeability of cell membrane, reduces the content of peroxidation product MDA of membrane lipid, and prevents the plant cell producing more bivalent iron ion which can catalyzed the reaction of Haber-weiss and Fenton to produce more superoxide anion. In addition, purified plasma membrane was isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning from wheat seedling leaves. The reduction rate of Fe（CN）6^3- by purified plasma membrane in La^3＋ -treated wheat seedling leaves is different from those in the absence of La^3＋ under water stress. The changing trend of the redox activity to La^3＋ is similar to that of the content of Fe^2＋ . The results reveal that extraneous La^3＋ can alleviate the damages of cell membrane caused by water stress via promoting the activity of redox system and the ability of eliminating ROS in wheat seedling leaves.

关键词： lanthanum water stress redox system lipid peroxidation wheat seedling leaves rare earths

Effects of water stress on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Protection System in Rice During Grain-Filling Stage

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 633-641页

作者： WANG He-zheng ZHANG Lian-he MA Jun LI Xu-yi LI Yan ZHANG Rong-ping WANG Ren-quan College of Agriculture Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 P.R.China Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University Wenjiang 611130 P.R.China

Rice is one of the main staple food crops in the world, but it may suffer serious water stress during growth period. water stress during grain filling results in decreased grain yeild, but its mechanism generating and scavenging the active oxygen is unclear under continuance of the water stress. The experiment was carried out in growth chamber to investigate the effects of water stress on the production of superoxide free radical （O2）, hydrogen peroxide （H202）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH）, ascorbic acid （AsA）, and antioxidative enzyme activities in three rice hybrids with differing drought resistant under both normal and drought conditions during grain-filling stage. The results showed that water stress aggravated the membrane lipid peroxidation in rice leaves, which was more severe in less drought resistant hybrids than that in more tolerant ones. Also O2＇ and H2O2 accumulated more rapidly in less drought resistant hybrids than that in more tolerant ones. During water stress, decreases of GSH, AsA, chlorophyll, and relative water contents in more drought resistant hybrids were obvious less than those in less tolerant ones. Activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） in/eaves increased obviously in 0-14 d after heading and subsequently decreased rapidly, and those in more drought resistant hybrids were more than those in less tolerant ones. The results showed that changes of O2, H2O2, MDA, GSH, and AsA contents and antioxidative enzyme activities correlated significantly to drought resistance of rice hybrids, and more drought resistant hybrids possessed high ant oxidation capacity.

关键词： rice water stress reactive oxygen species protection system

Assessment of Photochemical Reflectance Index as a Tool for Evaluation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Cotton and Peanut Cultivars Under water stress Condition

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 662-670页

作者： Shahenshah Yasuda Yoshizumi LI Mao-song Isoda Akihiro Graduate School of Horticulture Chiba University Chiba 271-8510 Japan Graduate School oflnformatics Tokyo University of Information Sciences Chiba 265-8501 Japan Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development for Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China

The relationships between photochemical reflectance index （PRI） and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were examined to assess suitability of PRI as a remote-sensing tool for the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using cotton and peanut crops under water stress condition. Five cotton and six peanut cultivars were grown using Andosole soil in pots maintained at two water levels; the control and water stress treatment （WS） of 100 and 50% of the daily transpiration, respectively. Higher non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） was exhibited by peanut than that of cotton by the water stress. On the other hand, the decreases of the actual quantum yield of photosystem II （△F/F＇m） and PRI by the water stress in cotton were larger than those in peanut. There were positively significant correlation coefficients between PRI and △F/F＇m in cotton at noon and in the afternoon including the control and WS. The correlations of PRI with NPQ were negatively significant at noon and in the afternoon for cotton, and in the afternoon for peanut. No clear relationship was found among these parameters in the morning probably due to the diurnal increase in global solar radiation. It was concluded that there would be a possibility to detect the effects of water stress on △F/F＇m and NPQ by PRI with some exceptions, although PRI could not note varietals differences in △F/F＇m and NPQ for each treatment.

关键词： actual quantum yield of photosystem II Arachis hypogaea L. Gossypium hirsutum L. non-photochemicalquenching photochemical reflectance index remote sensing water stress

Effect of water stress on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration of a Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 196-206页

作者： FU Yuling , YU Guirui , WANG Yanfen, LI Zhengquan & HAO Yanbin Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China The Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Many studies on global climate have forecast major changes in the amounts and spatial patterns of precipitation that may significantly affect temperate grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions. As a part of ChinaFLUX, eddy covariance flux measurements were made at a semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China during 2003-2004 to quantify the response of carbon exchange to environmental changes. Results showed that gross ecosystem production (FGEP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) of the steppe were significantly depressed by water stress due to lack of precipitation during the growing season. Temperature was the dominant factor affecting FGEP and Reco in 2003, whereas soil moisture imposed a significant influence on both Reco and FGEP in 2004. Under wet conditions, Reco showed an exponentially increasing trend with temperature (Q10 = 2.0), but an apparent reduction in the value of Reco and its temperature sensitivity were observed during the periods of water stress (Q10=1.6). Both heat and water stress can cause decrease in FGEP. The sea-sonality of ecosystem carbon exchange was strongly correlated with the variation of precipitation. With less precipitation in 2003, the steppe sequestrated carbon in June and July, and went into a senescence in early August due to water stress. As compared to 2003, the severe drought during the spring of 2004 delayed the growth of the steppe until late June, and the steppe became a CO2 sink from early July until mid-September, with ample precipitation in August. The semi-arid steppe released a total of 9.7 g C·m-2 from May 16 to the end of September 2003, whereas the net carbon budget during the same period in 2004 was close to zero. Long-term measurements over various grasslands are needed to quantify carbon balance in temperate grasslands.

关键词： Leymus chinensis steppe water stress ecosystem respiration gross ecosystem production net ecosystem CO2 exchange.

Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on PhotosystemⅡof Wheat Seedlings Under water stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第8期48卷 920-927页

作者： Hui-Guo Duan Shu Yuan Wen-Juan Liu De-Hui Xi Dong-Hong Qing Hou-Guo Liang Hong-Hui Lin Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment （Ministry of Education） College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences Neijiang Teachers＇ College Neijiang 641112 China

The effects of exogenous spermidine （Spd） on lipid peroxidation, relative plasma membrane permeability, photosystem Ⅱ （PSII） gene expression and PSII photochemical activity in water-stressed wheat seedlings were investigated. The decrease in relative water content （RWC）, Chl content, and 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol （DCIP） photoreduction of PSII, and increases in electrolyte leakage of plasma membranes and malonyldialdehyde （MDA） in water-stressed leaves was alleviated by Spd pretreatment. Furthermore, Western and Northern blot analysis showed that decreases in the PSll major proteins D1, D2 and LHCII and the transcripts of corresponding genes psbA, psbD and cab were also alleviated by Spd pretreatment under water stress. These results suggest that the application of exogenous Spd protects PSII against water stress at both the transcriptional level and the translational level, and allows PSII to retain a higher activity level during water stress. The protective role of Spd in the photosynthetic apparatus also is discussed.

关键词： gene expression photosystem Ⅱ spermidine water stress wheat seedlings.

The Dominant Glutamic Acid Metabolic Flux to Produce γ-Amino Butyric Acid over Proline in Nicotiana tabacum Leaves under water stress Relates to its Significant Role in Antioxidant Activity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第8期53卷 608-618页

作者： Cuili Liu Li Zhao Guanghui Yu Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission College of Life Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China

γ-Amino butyric acid （GABA） and proline play a crucial role in protecting plants during various environmental stresses. Their synthesis is from the common precursor glutamic acid, which is catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase and △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase respectively. However, the dominant pathway under water stress has not yet been established. To explore this, excised tobacco leaves were used to simulate a water-stress condition. The results showed GABA content was much higher than that of proline in leaves under water-deficit and non-water-deficit conditions. Specifically, the amount of GABA significantly increased compared to proline under continuous water loss for 16 h, indicating that GABA biosynthesis is the dominant pathway from glutamic acid metabolism under these conditions. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and protein Western gel-blot analysis further confirmed this. To explore the function of GABA accumulation, a system producing superoxide anion （O 2 - ）, peroxide hydrogen （H 2 O 2 ）, and singlet oxygen （ 1 O 2 ） was employed to investigate the scavenging role on free-radical production. The results demonstrated that the scavenging ability of GABA for O 2 - , H 2 O 2 , and 1 O 2 was significantly higher than that of proline. This indicated that GABA acts as an effective osmolyte to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species under water stress.

关键词： glutamic acid proline reactive oxygen species water stress γ-amino butyric acid.

Physiological traits and anatomic structures of the seed for two short cotton season genotypes(Gossypium hirsutum L.) under water stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 89-98页

作者： Maryam KOLAHI Elham FAGHANI Andrea GOLDSON-BARNABY Borhan SOHRABI Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvaz ***Iran Agronomy Department Cotton Research InstituteAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Gorgan ***Iran Department of Chemistry the University of the West IndiesMona 37816Jamaica Agricultural Engineering Department AREEOGorgan ***Iran

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) is utilized commercially in the production of textile, clothing, and household goods. Its growth is affected by various environmental conditions such as soil, climate, and water supply. Irrigation is one of the most important factors for crop management. This research was designed with the aim of studying the biochemical and anatomical features of two genotypes of cottonseed(Latif and Golestan) in order to determine optimum irrigation. Protein, starch, gossypol gland, total soluble protein, starch content, and the anatomical structure of the cotton seeds were investigated. The data were analyzed using the SAS Software. The results showed that when rainfed, Golestan genotype seeds had a larger number of secretory cavities, soluble protein, and starch compared to Latif seeds. There was also a noticeable difference in the size of the seeds. Cellulosic cell walls and protein particles were also observed in the seed structure under induced water stress conditions. It can therefore be concluded that in response to water shortage, there was a noticeable change in the morphometric, anatomic, and biochemical features of the cottonseeds. It can be concluded that when rainfed, the Golestan genotype of cottonseed has more compatibility than the Latif genotype. In general, the application of different levels of irrigation showed that at moderate levels of irrigation, anatomical features appeared more normal. The observations indicate that at high levels of irrigation, some cells begin to dehisce due to osmotic stress, which results in a lack of accurate formation of tissue structures. The Golestan genotype is therefore the best suited for dryland farming.

关键词： anatomic structure cotton seed metabolites water stress